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Lec 19

The lecture discusses scales in turbulent flows and different solution approaches for modeling turbulence. It introduces the concept of turbulent scales from the largest eddies to the smallest Kolmogorov scales. It then outlines RANS, LES, ILES, and DNS approaches for solving the Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence, discussing their resolution of scales and modeling requirements.

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Saurav Sonawane
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8 views19 pages

Lec 19

The lecture discusses scales in turbulent flows and different solution approaches for modeling turbulence. It introduces the concept of turbulent scales from the largest eddies to the smallest Kolmogorov scales. It then outlines RANS, LES, ILES, and DNS approaches for solving the Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence, discussing their resolution of scales and modeling requirements.

Uploaded by

Saurav Sonawane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Sample results (3)

11

AE661: Applied
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Lecture 19: Scale-Resolving Simulations

Rajesh Ranjan

March 29, 2023


Table of Contents
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows

▶ Scales in Turbulent Flows

▶ Solution Approaches
Turbulent Flows
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows
Characteristics of Turbulent Flows
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows

Turbulence is -
• Random, unorganized
• Chaotic
• Multiscale
Turbulent Flows
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows
Turbulent Flows
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows
What is the Turbulent Flow Scale?
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows

Length Scale Velocity Scale

Largest Eddy l u
Smallest Eddy η v
Range of Scales
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows

• Rate of production of K.E. (per unit mass) - Largest Eddies

u2 u3
P = ≡
t l
• Rate of dissipation - Smallest Eddies

v2
ϵ = νeij eij ≡ ν
η2
Range of Scales
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows

Kolmogorov Assumptions:
1. For equilibrium, P ∼ ϵ
u2 u3 v2
≡ =ν 2
t l η
2. At the smallest (Kolmogorov) scale, viscous and inertial forces are comparable
(Reν ≃ 1)
vη
=1
ν
ν
=⇒ v =
η
Kolmogorov Length Scale
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows
1. Using the second assumption and dissipation rate
v2
ϵ=ν
η2
(ν/η)2
=⇒ ϵ = ν
η2
ν3
=⇒ ϵ = 4
η

2. Using first and second assumptions


u3 v2 u3 (ν/η)2
= ν 2 =⇒ =ν
l η l η2
η −3
=⇒ = Rel 4
l
Kolmogorov Length Scale
1 Scales in Turbulent Flows

For the atmospheric motion:


• large eddies have length scales on the order of kilometers
• Typical values of the Kolmogorov length scale range from 0.1 to 10 millimeters
Table of Contents
2 Solution Approaches

▶ Scales in Turbulent Flows

▶ Solution Approaches
RANS /(Unsteady) RANS
2 Solution Approaches

• Solve Reynolds-averaged equations (RANS is steady-state, URANS is


time-accurate)
• Average then Simulate
• RANS/URANS assumed to be valid if time-scale of turbulent fluctuations ≪
physical time-step ≪ important global unsteady time scales in the flow
Large Eddy Simulations
2 Solution Approaches

• Idea is to resolve larger turbulent eddies, model smaller ones


• Simulate then Average
• LES is difficult to analyze - easily complicated by numerics
• Excessive numerical dissipation affects ability to resolve features
• Numerical dissipation can behave like SGS model This fact taken advantage of
in implicit LES (ILES) No SGS model used Inherent numerical dissipation
provides filtering needed at smallest scales Theoretically justified in MILES
(specific numerical methods employed)
Implicit Large Eddy Simulations
2 Solution Approaches

• No SGS model
• Inherent numerical dissipation provides filtering needed at smallest scales
• Numerical dissipation “models” the effects of smallest eddies & prevents
artificial build-up of energy at smallest scales
Direct Numerical Simulation
2 Solution Approaches

• Direct simulation of N-S equations


• By implication & standard definition: requires that all spatial and temporal
scales are resolved down to Kolmogorov scales
• Coarse grid DNS - ILES
RANS, LES & DNS
2 Solution Approaches
RANS, LES & DNS
2 Solution Approaches
Q&A
See you in the next class!

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