Module 1 – Worksheet 1

VISHAL SONI
23BSA10032
Multiple Choice Questions
Q.No 1. What is an intelligent agent in AI?
a) A software program that performs simple tasks
b) A system that mimics human intelligence to achieve goals
c) An algorithm for sorting data
d) A basic input-output system
d) A basic input-output system

Q.No 2. Which of the following is a key characteristic of intelligent agents?

a) Random behavior
b) Learning from experience
c) Fixed rule execution
d) Limited adaptability
b) Learning from experience

Q.No 3. What does the term "perception" refer to in intelligent agents?

a) The ability to hear sounds
b) The process of sensing and interpreting information from the environment
c) The ability to taste
d) The speed of decision-making
b) The process of sensing and interpreting information from the environment

Q.No 4. In the context of intelligent agents, what is "actuation”?

a) The process of making decisions
b) The ability to learn from data
c) The execution of actions in the environment
d) The ability to perceive information
c) The execution of actions in the environment

Q.No 5. In the agent-environment framework, what does the environment represent?

a) The hardware on which the agent runs
b) The external system with which the agent interacts
c) The internal decision-making logic of the agent
d) The agent's memory storage
b) The external system with which the agent interacts

Q.No 6. What is the primary function of sensors in Intelligent Agents?

a) Decision-making
b) Interaction with the environment
c) Learning algorithms
d) Memory storage
b) Interaction with the environment

Q.No 7. In an AI system, what is the purpose of the interaction between sensors and
actuators?
a) To optimize learning algorithms
b) To improve decision-making
c) To enable the agent to perceive and act in the environment
d) To enhance memory storage
c) To enable the agent to perceive and act in the environment

Q.No 8. For the following, the partial tabulation of a simple agent function for the vacuum-
cleaner world, what is the corresponding action for the data "[B, Clean]”?

Percept
Action
Sequence

[A, Clean] Right

[A, Dirty] Suck
[B, Clean] Left
[B, Dirty] Suck
[A, Clean],
Right
[A, Clean]
[A, Clean],
Suck
[A, Dirty]
a) Left
b) Right
c) Suck
d) Clean
a) Left

Q.No 9. What is the challenge for AI in writing programs for intelligent behavior?
a) Efficient memory usage
b) Generating vast lookup tables
c) Producing rational behavior from small programs
d) Implementing agent functions
c) Producing rational behavior from small programs

Q.No 10. What is the primary characteristic of a “simple reflex agent”?

a) It considers the entire percept history.
b) It has complex decision-making rules.
c) It relies only on the current percept.
d) It uses advanced machine learning algorithms.
c) It relies only on the current percept.
 Module 1 – Worksheet 2
Fill in the blanks
Q.No.1. An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through
___SENSORS_______ and acting upon that environment through __ACTUATORS________.

Q.No.2. We use the term ____PERCEPT______ to refer to the agent’s perceptual inputs at any
given instant.

Q.No.3. The vacuum agent perceives which square it is in and whether there is ___DIRT_______
in the square; if dirty, then ______SUCK____; otherwise, move to the other square.

Q.No.4. The behavior of a rational agent can become effectively independent of its prior
knowledge after sufficient ______LEARNING______.

Q.No.5. If the next state of the environment depends on the current state and the action
executed by the agent, the environment is considered ______DETERMINSTIC_.

Match the following

Associate the given Agent type with the corresponding PEAS description for an automated
taxi.
PART A PART B ANSWER
(1) Performance (A) Roads, other traffic, pedestrians, customers.
Measure

(2) Environment (B) safe, legal, comfortable trip, maximize profits.

(3) Actuators (C) Cameras, Sonar, Speedometer, GPS, odometer,

accelerometer, engine sensors, keyboard
(4) Sensors (D) Steering, accelerator, brake, signal, horn, display

Answer
1-B
2-A
3-D
4 -C

Module 1 – Worksheet 3
Q.No 1 :Is it rational for the agent to oscillate needlessly back and forth after all dirt is
cleaned up? Why? How might a vacuum-cleaner agent adapt its behavior in an
environment where clean squares can become dirty again?
Hint:The agent's behavior should be evaluated based on its contribution to the
performance measure, which is having a clean floor.
Solution:
No, it is not rational for the agent to oscillate needlessly back and forth after all dirt is
cleaned up
To adapt its behavior in an environment where clean squares can become dirty again, a
vacuum-cleaner agent could implement strategies such as maintaining a memory of
cleaned squares, dynamically monitoring and responding to changes in the environment,
scheduling periodic cleaning sessions based on traffic or dirt accumulation patterns, and
using adaptive algorithms to learn and adjust its cleaning strategy over time.

Q.No 2:Explainthe four basic kinds of agent programs.

Hint:
The four basic kinds of agent programs that embody the principles underlying almost all
intelligent systems.
1. Simple Reflex Agents
a. Simple reflex agents base their actions solely on the current percept,
without considering the percept history or future consequences.
b. They use a direct mapping from percepts to actions based on predefined rules or
condition-action pairs.

2 . Model-Based Reflex Agents:

a. Model-based reflex agents maintain an internal model of the world based on past
percepts and actions.
b . They use this model to anticipate the effects of their actions and make more informed
decisions.

3 . Goal-Based Agents:

a . Goal-based agents operate by maintaining a set of goals or objectives that they strive
to achieve the goals
4 . Utility-Based Agents:

A. Utility-based agents evaluate the desirability of different actions based on a utility

function or a measure of satisfaction
B. Utility-based agents are more flexible and adaptable, capable of making decisions in
uncertain or changing environments by weighing the expected benefits and costs of
different actions.

Q. No 3:Explain the difference between a reflex agent and a goal-based agent in artificial
intelligence, and how does the inclusion of goal information impact decision-making?

Hint:
Consider the role of goal information in decision-making for agents. How does a goal-
based agent use this information to make decisions, and how does it differ from the
decision-making process of a reflex agent? Think about flexibility, adaptability and the
explicit representation of knowledge.

A reflex agent makes decisions based solely on the current percept, reacting to immediate
environmental.It doesn't consider long-term goals or plan ahead. but a goal-based agent
operates by maintaining a set of goals or objectives that it aims to achieve. It evaluates its
current state and selects actions that bring it closer to its goals.

Reflex agent -
Decision Basis:

Reflex agents make decisions based solely on the current percept, reacting to immediate
environmental.

Temporal Scope:
Reflex agents focus on immediate actions and do not consider long-term consequences or
objectives.

goal based -
The inclusion of goal information enables agents to prioritize actions based on their
contribution to goal achievement.
Agents can evaluate the desirability of different actions in terms of how they align with
long-term objectives.

Q. No: 4. Explain the significance of utility in the context of agent behavior, and decision-
making, and how does it relate to goals and performance measures?

Hint:Consider the limitations of goals alone in generating high-quality behavior for agents.
Explore the role of utility as a more general performance measure and its relationship
with an agent's utility function. Think about the advantages of utility-based agents in
handling conflicting goals, uncertainties, and the tradeoff between multiple goals.
 1. Utility in the context of agent behavior refers to the measure of desirability or
satisfaction associated with the outcomes of different actions or states. It reflects
the goals regarding the consequences of its actions.

2. In decision-making, utility helps agents determine which action or course of

action is most advantageous or beneficial in achieving their objectives. Agents aim
to maximize their overall utility by selecting actions that lead to the most
favorable outcomes.

3 . Ultimately, utility provides a means for agents to evaluate and compare the
desirability of different outcomes, helping them make informed decisions and optimize
their behavior towards achieving their goals and maximizing performance by keeping
everything simple as it is.. it just refers to the measure of desirability…

Module 1, Worksheet 4
Mind Mapping
Mind Mapping: Students are given some topics (applications of AI), and they must explain
the same with real-world applications. The applications of AI should summarize and
incorporate all who, what, when, where, why, and how creatively.
Healthcare

Who: Patients, Healthcare Professionals, Researchers

What: Diagnosis, Treatment, Drug Discovery, Patient Monitoring
When: Ongoing
Where: Hospitals, Clinics

Why: Improve Patient Outcomes, Enhance Efficiency

How: AI-powered medical imaging for early detection of diseases like cancer

Education
Who: Students, Teachers, Administrators
What: Personalized Learning, Adaptive Assessments, Administrative Tasks Automation
When: Continuous Learning
Where: Schools, Colleges, Online Platforms
Why: Improve Learning Outcomes, Increase Engagement, Streamline Processes

Social media
Who: Users, Content Creators, Advertisers
What: Content Recommendation, Targeted Advertising, Sentiment Analysis
When: Real-time
Where: Social Media Platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram)
Why: Enhance User Experience, Increase Engagement, Drive Revenue

Tourism
Who: Travelers, Tour Operators, Hospitality Industry
What: Travel Planning, Recommendation Systems, Language Translation
When: Trip Planning
Where: Travel Agencies, Online Booking Platforms, Destination Sites
Why: Enhance Travel Experience, Increase Efficiency, Boost Revenue

Business

Who: Entrepreneurs, Executives, Employees

What: Decision-Making, Customer Service, Workflow Automation
When: Daily Operations
Where: Offices, Online Platforms
Why: Improve Efficiency, Enhance Productivity, Drive Growth

Autonomous vehicles
Who: Drivers, Commuters
What: Transportation, Delivery Services
When: On the Road
Where: Streets, Highways
Why: Improve Safety, Increase Efficiency, Reduce Traffic Congestion

Entertainment
Who: Audiences, Content Creators
What: Content Creation, Recommendation Systems, Gaming
When: Leisure Time
Where: Theaters, Streaming Platforms, Gaming Consoles
Why: Enhance User Experience, Increase Engagement, Drive Revenue

Finance
Who: Investors, Financial Institutions, Traders
What: Investment Management, Fraud Detection, Risk Assessment
When: Financial Transactions
Where: Banks, Stock Exchanges, Online Trading Platforms
Why: Improve Decision-Making, Mitigate Risks, Enhance Security

Industries

Who: Manufacturers, Engineers, Technicians

What: Production, Quality Control, Maintenance
When: Manufacturing Processes
Where: Factories, Plants
Why: Increase Efficiency, Reduce Costs, Ensure Safety