Module: MELECTRO-II Week: Date:

Topic: Introduction to AC Motors

Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson student will be able to:
▪ Explain the principle of working of a motor and summarize it.
▪ Classify the various types of the AC motors used in the industry.
▪ Differentiate between the stator and Rotor of an Electrical Motor.
▪ Demonstrate skills such as observation, critical thinking, sharing ideas, communication, writing skills etc.

Learning Vehicle + Learning Opportunities:

1. Lecture/Discussion using white board– LO’s include recall knowledge, scaffolding.

2. Presentation – LO’s includes develop purpose for observation, analyzing, note taking, Critical Thinking.
3. Pair work – LO’s include enhance, interpersonal skills, sharing ideas, communication, leadership while
working in groups.

Activity Task 1

A set of figures are shown below explaining the working principle of motor. Their description are not given
in the same order. Match the figures with their description in their write order and write them in the spaces
provided in the table given below:

Figure 1 Figure 4
Figure 2 Figure 3

A B C D
(App, 2017)

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 Activity 2: Presentation Based Activity

Observe the various slides carefully shown in the presentation and complete the concept map and write a

paragraph about the information you have learnt through this presentation and present it before the class.

a) Concept Map

DC
Machines

Electrical
Machines

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 b) List the Parts of an AC Motor

………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………..

AC Motors
………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………..

c) Differentiate between a Stator and a Rotor of an AC motor.

d) Describe the main parts of a Stator.

e) Differentiate between Squirrel Cage rotor and Phase wound rotor.

References: -

App, E. (2017). Working or Operating Principle of DC Motor | Electrical Study App by SARU TECH. [online]
Electricalstudy.sarutech.com. Available at: https://electricalstudy.sarutech.com/working-or-operating-principle-of-dc-motor/index.html
[Accessed 1 Oct. 2019].

Theraja, B., Theraja, B. and Theraja, A. (2010). A textbook of electrical technology. Ram Nagar, New Delhi, India: S. Chand
& Co

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 Working Principle of AC Motors

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the fundamental components and operating principles of AC motors.

• Analyze efficiency curves to interpret the performance characteristics of AC motors.
• Identify suitable types of AC motors for various industrial and marine engineering applications.
• Apply knowledge of AC motor principles to troubleshoot and solve practical problems.

Activity 1: AC Motor Components Matching

Match the components of the AC motor with their respective functions by drawing lines to connect them.

Stator Conducts electrical current to produce magnetic field

Rotor Supports and allows rotation of the rotor.

Windings Rotates due to magnetic field interaction.

Bearings Produces magnetic field.

Activity 2: AC Motor Operating Principles

Fill in the blanks with the correct terms to complete the sentences regarding the operating principles of AC motors.

AC motors operate based on the principle of ______________ induction.

When an AC voltage is applied to the stator windings, it creates a ______________ magnetic field.

This magnetic field induces an ______________ current in the rotor, creating a rotating magnetic field.

The interaction between the rotating magnetic field and the rotor's magnetic field causes the rotor to ______________.

Activity 3: AC Motor Efficiency Analysis

Study the efficiency curve for an AC motor provided below. Answer the questions based on the curve.

(Pumps and Systems Magazine, 2014)

1. At what point on the curve does the motor operate at its peak efficiency?
2. Describe the efficiency behavior of the motor at low and high loads.
3. How does the efficiency vary with increasing load?

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Activity 4: AC Motor Application Scenarios

Analyze the following scenarios and determine the most suitable type of AC motor for each application.

Scenario 1:

Application: Running a conveyor belt in a manufacturing plant.

Scenario 2:

Application: Propelling a large ship forward.

Scenario 3:

Application: Operating a ventilation fan in an industrial warehouse.

Scenario 4:

Application: Driving a pump to transfer fluids in a marine vessel.

References :-

Pumps and Systems Magazine. (2014). The Impact of AC Motor Efficiency. [online] Available at:
https://www.pumpsandsystems.com/impact-ac-motor-efficiency.

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Module: MELCTRO-II Week: Lesson : Date:

CALCULATION OF SLIP (Theraja, Theraja and Theraja, 2010)

1. A 6-pole, 3-phase induction motor is used to drive a ship's propeller system connected to a 300 Hz supply.
Determine the speed of rotation of the magnetic field produced by the motor's stator, crucial for
understanding the propulsion system's efficiency and performance.
2. A 6-pole, 3-phase induction motor powers a pump onboard a vessel, running at 970 rev/min under a specific
load. If the motor is supplied by a 50 Hz marine generator, calculate the percentage slip at this load, which
is vital for assessing the motor's operational characteristics and efficiency.
3. A 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor with 8 poles is employed in the cooling system of a marine engine. Given
that the full load slip is 2.5%, determine (a) the synchronous speed, crucial for ensuring proper motor
operation in synchronization with the power supply onboard; (b) the rotor speed, which impacts the cooling
efficiency; and (c) the frequency of the rotor electromotive force, which affects motor performance and
reliability at sea.
4. A three-phase induction motor onboard a ship, supplied from a 50 Hz marine power system, operates at 1710
rev/min with a slip of 5%. Calculate the synchronous speed, crucial for assessing the motor's efficiency and
synchronization with onboard electrical systems.
5. A 4-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor drives a cargo handling system on a marine vessel, running at 1440
rev/min at full load. Calculate (a) the synchronous speed, which influences the motor's performance in
handling cargo operations; (b) the slip, indicating the motor's operational efficiency; and (c) the frequency
of the rotor-induced electromotive force, essential for maintaining optimal motor operation at sea.
6. A 12-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor is utilized in the winch system of a marine vessel, running at 475
rev/min. Calculate (a) the slip speed, crucial for assessing the motor's operational efficiency during winch
operations; (b) the percentage slip, indicating deviations from synchronous speed and potential efficiency
losses; and (c) the frequency of the rotor currents, essential for maintaining stable motor performance during
various sea conditions and loads.
CALCULATION OF POWER (Theraja, Theraja and Theraja, 2010)
1. A 6 kW, 240V, 50Hz single-phase induction motor with 4 poles is used to drive a water pump onboard a vessel.
Determine the load current at a power factor of 0.8 and Unity Power Factor, essential for assessing the motor's electrical
characteristics and efficiency during pump operations at sea.

2. A 100 kW, 440V, 50Hz, 3-phase induction motor with 8 poles powers the propulsion system of a marine
vessel. Calculate the load current at a power factor of 0.85 and Unity Power Factor, crucial for understanding
the motor's performance and efficiency in propelling the vessel through water.

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 3. A 50 kW, 240V, 50Hz, single-phase induction motor with 8 poles drives the ventilation system onboard a
ship. Determine the load current at a power factor of 0.7 and Unity Power Factor, essential for maintaining
proper airflow and ventilation within the vessel under varying sea conditions.

4. For a 20 Hp (approximately 15 kW), 500V, 3-phase, 50Hz induction motor powering a winch system on a
marine vessel: (1) If the input power factor is 0.86, calculate the line current, crucial for assessing the motor's
efficiency and power consumption during winch operations at sea. (2) If the input power factor is 0.9,
determine the line current, essential for optimizing the motor's performance and energy usage during various
winching tasks onboard the vessel.

CALCULATION OF CURRENT: - (Theraja, Theraja and Theraja, 2010)

1. a) Calculate the approximate full load current, locked rotor current and no load current of a 3 –phase
induction motor having a rating of 500Hp, 2300V.
b) Estimate the apparent power drawn under locked –rotor conditions.
c) State the nominal rating of this motor, expressed in Kilowatts.
2. A 3 phase induction motor having a synchronous speed of 1200 rev/min draws 80 kW from a 3 phase feeder.
The copper loss and iron loss of stator is about 5 kW. If the motor runs at 1152 rpm. Calculate the following:
The active power transmitted to the rotor
The rotor losses
The mechanical Power developed
The mechanical power delivered to the load if the Windage and friction losses are equal to 2 kW
The efficiency of the motor
3. The power input to the rotor of 440V, 50Hz, 6-pole, 3-phase induction motor is 80kW. The rotor
electromotive force is observed to make 100 complete alterations per minute. Calculate
a) the slip b) the rotor speed c) rotor copper loss per phase
4. The power input to the rotor of a 440V, 50 Hz, 6 pole, 3 phase induction motor is 100kW. The rotor
electromotive force is observed to make 120 cycles per minute, Calculate
(a) the slip b) the rotor speed c) mechanical power developed d) the rotor copper loss per phase e) speed of
stator field with respect to the rotor.

References: -
Theraja, B., Theraja, B. and Theraja, A. (2010). A textbook of electrical technology. Ram Nagar, New Delhi, India: S.
Chand & Co.

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Module: ME-II Week ; Lesson Date:
Topic: Single phase Induction Motor
Drill 1:-
1. Examine whether a single-phase induction motor is a self-starting motor with a single phase stator winding.

2. Describe a way to make the single-phase induction motor to self-start.

3. Can the rotor in a single-phase induction motor rotates in both directions – clockwise and counterclockwise?

4. Discuss the need of a capacitor arrangement in the single-phase induction motor.

Drill 2: -

1. Predict the number of stator windings in single phase induction motor.

2. Can you guess the type of magnetic field produced in the stator winding of single -phase induction
motor?

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 3. In a fluctuated magnetic field, if we keep a steady rotor will it rotate?

Drill 3: -

Analyze the following scenarios and determine the most suitable application for a single-phase AC
induction motor.
Scenario 1:
Application: Operating a small water pump for bilge pumping in a marine vessel.
Scenario 2:
Application: Running a ventilation fan in the engine room of a ship.
Scenario 3:
Application: Powering a conveyor belt for transporting cargo on a dock.
Scenario 4:
Application: Driving a small air compressor for pneumatic tools on a shipyard.

Drill 4: -

Read the description of the self-starting method for single-phase AC induction motors. Answer the questions based
on the provided information.

Description:

Single-phase AC induction motors employ a self-starting method to overcome the initial inertia and start rotating.
This method involves the use of an auxiliary winding, also known as a starting winding, in addition to the main
winding. The auxiliary winding is connected in parallel with the main winding and is positioned at an angle to it.
This creates a phase difference between the magnetic fields produced by the two windings, resulting in a rotating
magnetic field. Once the motor reaches a certain speed, a centrifugal switch disconnects the auxiliary winding
from the circuit, allowing the motor to continue running using only the main winding.

Questions:

What is the purpose of the auxiliary winding in a single-phase AC induction motor?

How does the phase difference between the main and auxiliary windings contribute to motor starting?

What role does the centrifugal switch play in the self-starting method?

Why is it necessary for the auxiliary winding to be disconnected once the motor reaches a certain speed?

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Module: ME-II Week: Lesson 1 Date:
Topic: Name Plate Calculations
Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson student will be able to:
▪ Explain the importance of name plate in a motor
▪ Read and calculate the different parameters of Motor.
▪ Demonstrate skills such as observation, critical thinking, sharing ideas, communication, writing skills etc.

Task 1.
Search the term ‘Electric motor name plate’ in google images and write your understanding.

Select a name plate from the images and draw it in the below space.

1. For the name plate of the motor shown below, estimate the parameters if it runs at 1785 rpm with iron and
copper loss in the stator about 7 kW.

(“Induction Motor Operation: The Real Ownership Cost | BUILDINGS”)

Comment on the above estimated values if the frequency is changed to 50Hz

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Exercise Problems: -

1. Name plate of a single phase induction motor is as shown below. Calculate the full load current,
locked rotor current, synchronous speed, the no of poles and slip of the motor.
HP 5HP % EFF 0.86
Voltage 230V PF 0.91
FLA SF 1.15
Frequency 60 Hz RPM 1750
LRC code 6 ( Type G)

What would be the actual Hp when the motor draws 16 A@230 V?

2. Name plate of a three phase induction motor is as shown below. Calculate the full load current,
locked rotor current, synchronous speed, the no of poles and slip of the motor.
HP 120 HP % EFF 0.85
Voltage 600V, 3 phase PF 0.85
FLA SF 1.15
Frequency 60 Hz RPM 873
LRC code 6 ( Type G) Slip 3%

3. Repeat the calculations for the below name plate.

HP 0.75 % EFF 0.785

Voltage 208V, 3 phase PF 0.80
FLA SF 1.0
Frequency 60 Hz RPM 1725
LRC code 8-8.9 ( Type Slip
K)

Activity 3: -

1. Is the synchronous motor self-starting? comment how to make it self-start?

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2. Compare the self-starting arrangement of single phase induction motor and synchronous motor.

3. Write the different types of synchronous motor?

4. Distinguish between synchronous and induction motors

References: -

“Induction Motor Operation: The Real Ownership Cost | BUILDINGS.” Buildings.Com, 2017,
www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/21211/title/understand-electric-motor-operation-to-reduce-ownership-
costs. Accessed 16 Oct. 2019.

Sen.P.C (2013). Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.:

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