1 A)

Erin K. Sharpe examines the many means by which communities come into existence and the
consequences of various leadership styles in her research paper titled "Delivering Communitas:
Wilderness Adventure and the Making of Community." This article also discusses the impact that
various styles of leadership have had on the formation and maintenance of interpersonal bonds
among individuals. This study offers an anthropological overview of how the Communitas tours were
organized and run. Important factors to define the goal, choose and train trip leaders, set the tone,
maximize authority, and direct interpretations are the focus of this research.
The article focuses mostly on ethnography and community-building subjects, including an
examination of how strangers get together to develop a community connection and how they each
have particular obligations to complete in order to forge a tighter link. It is necessary to study the
habits, customs, beliefs, and practices of a community's diverse members in order to provide an
accurate picture of that culture. The essay delves into the perspectives of community leaders and
members on how to build thriving communities, and it analyzes various leadership styles that foster
open communication within a group. This article shows how using assets as a strategy for social
change is the best method for analyzing the teracity demand because it allows us to use our prior
knowledge and skills to form more effective networks. The essay is dedicated to exploring the
ethnological ramifications of this tactic.
The author uses narrative storytelling throughout this work to give voice to the opinions and
experiences of those she has interviewed and interacted with. The article's structure will be
explained by the researcher after a thorough discussion of the study's goals. Interview data is
contextualized within relevant theoretical frameworks to make the findings in the literature review
more accessible to the general readership. This facilitates comprehension by making the results
more transparent. Moreover, the author elaborates on the limitations imposed on the study and
suggests strategies for future researchers.

1 B)
Sharpe has utilized many approaches to gather information for the study he is reporting in his
research essay. Therefore, the event approach was implemented by having Sharpe write a note in
the notebook of the significant occurrences so that he could return to it and use it as a reference;
they include, but are not limited to, the following locations, times, individuals, and occurrences.
Seven of the eight head trip leaders were interviewed in detail, and throughout the process, the
author followed the participant's lead to ensure a seamless and natural flow of conversation.
The research may have taken a different tack, focusing on quantitative data collection.
The author could have used a Likert-scale based questionnaire or another method, like the post tool
approach, to transmit the data for the study. The word "triangulation" is used in the academic world
to describe the practice of attacking a research problem from several angles (including multiple
datasets, techniques, hypotheses, and/or researchers). It's an approach to research that might help
you produce more reliable results.
Similar to how "ethnography" may have been substituted with "netnography," the latter may be a
more appropriate name for the study of online consumer culture. To achieve this, it analyzes the
cultural norms and expressions that impact consumer decisions among the groups being studied by
keeping an eye on the online discussions and events that happen spontaneously.

It is the author's personal experiences, which are recounted at length throughout the research, that
are the paper's most important addition to the discipline. The research article was easy to read and
understand since it related to the reader's own experience and provided concrete examples to
illustrate the authors' points. Furthermore, this adds a unique and personal touch to the work. The
paper's weakest point is that it doesn't make enough of a link to theoretical frameworks.
2 A)
In this article, the author discusses the many methods now employed by the dynamic
market to develop new products.
Brown and Eisenhardt’s review were conducted with the overarching goal of enhancing
readers' foundational understanding of product creation. All of the research revolves on
three main subtopics, all of which explore various strategies for product development that
have been explored in the existing literature and other related studies. According to the
lecture, the main purpose of the literature review is to provide the critical assessment that
will be employed in the results. Readers have come to trust the literature because research
papers have been organized and analyzed from the perspective of the perspiration to foster
conversation, differentiation, and comprehension of the topic under study. This is due to the
logical organization of the study papers.

2 B)
As we go through the paper's introduction, we can see that it is divided into two parts: one
dealing with economics, and the other with the paper's structure. These two pillars are
meant to standardize the differentiation between innovation and technology across an
organization or the business world. This is what these two parts are mostly meant to do.
One more or less in the same line showed how incrementally novel things are
manufactured.
The review's meaty middle section will be split up into three sections based on these
themes: methodical product creation, methodical issue solving, and an interconnected
system of communication. More information on each of these topics is provided below.
The distinction between tactical and strategic in the context of product development
pertains to the many ways in which the components may have been organized. The author
of the study was unable to address all of the fundamental restrictions in the product
production, including the unit of analysis, in the research that they did.
Each line of inquiry is treated independently from the others when it comes to the author's
treatment of the approaches. This is due of the author's approach to the techniques. They
employ a bivariate analysis for rational planning, inductive and deductive reasoning for the
communication web, and a movement from inductive to deductive multiple informants for
disciplined issue solving.
3 A)
Miller and Shamsie's company dishonor and operator are the two most crucial duties to the
investigation. When making an arrangement, they first and primarily differentiate between
property-based assets and information-based ones. Furthermore, they claim and give proof
that the connection between execution and resources that rely on the firm's concept is
nonexistent and important, despite the fact that this link is often believed to exist. In
addition to his novels, Shamsie has written a variety of study notes and urban areas that
examine both classic and modern approaches to investigating, organizing, and executing
films in Hollywood.
The "Dynamic" technique to writing a diary entry involves interaction between the article
and a brief summary. The test's developer elaborated on its major features in a survey that
was included with the exam materials. At that point, the article's calculative system is
explained in a manner that is, if not entirely accessible, at least comprehensible. The major
focus of this investigation is on detailing the system's presentation. The years 1936-1965
witnessed substantial Hollywood inquiry, and these depictions show the pattern and rhythm
of that time period. The testing was shown, and then the data collection period was
disclosed; in this section, it was said that the years 1936-1950 were consistent, but that the
years 1951-1965 were not. They serve as a model for how the character should be
portrayed in media. Following is a summary of the article's four separate parts: Assets that
are either informational or procedurally based, or are themselves part of a larger system of
ordered property-based assets.
While the author did utilize a large and broadly representative sample of the US film
industry, the age of the data used in the methodology precludes any meaningful conclusions
being drawn. Since the film business may have undergone many changes throughout that
period, the data may not be entirely accurate.

3 B)
The author gathered the information presented here via in-depth conversations with US
studio producers and sample studios. Famous people's biographies and the film studios they
were associated with were among the data points gathered. Academy Awards-related
information was also used into the study. Since the writers themselves were the ones to
acquire the information from the studios, the data obtained via these means is unique and,
as a result, more useful. Since the data and insights were based on previous occurrences,
they would be useless in the present.
Discrete property-based resources, systematic property-based resources, knowledge-based
resources, and systematic knowledge-based resources are only few of the many topics
explored in this study. These are all a part of the research. The authors go further into each
of these characteristics, studying them in detail to show how they may be useful to the film
business. Each variable's reasons comprise results and conclusions generated from the
authors' research, ensuring that they are appropriately related to the issue at hand.
4 A)
Intelligent execution planning's two most essential articles address the factors that influence
product and correspondence costs, and they coordinate the use of virtual methods in the
development of current examinations based on the management and use of data. These pieces are
grounded on the concept of relevance and focus on the different criteria that set the prices of goods
and mail. Meanwhile, analytical thinking helped clarify the impact of the double items' improvement
measure on products, vendors, and policymakers. Similar to how the independent variable's backing
from higher-ups is contingent on a workable plan outlined within the context of making promises, so
too is the promise-making process itself contingent on the independent variable. Indicators
indicating the stream's operational sufficiency is measured efficiently and effectively are the
highlights that are needed.
A summary of the selected research is shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4. These charts are organized in
accordance with the three distinct but related approaches to product development: product
development as neighborhood methodology; product development as online communication; and
product development as critical thinking. The model illustrates the part of the display that may be
modified and is clearly connected to the other eight parts. This stream is a component of the stream
that deals with judicious organizing. The stream correspondence model revealed that the output of
such a channel is dependent on only three-word parameters and, in a roundabout fashion, on a
single free element. This was established by the fact that the output is reliant on certain word
parameters. This is always the case, regardless of whether or not the channel in issue is symmetrical.
The picture portrays the third stream to be made up of two-word factors and a set of six factors that
are clearly linked to the free factors. In addition to that, it was evident from the graphic that the
third stream contained two free components.
Benefit-based elements, such as market interest and exchange limit, are also subject to the market,
usage, and senior administration's discretion. The model shown in Figure 1 illustrates this point
clearly by showing how many strikes may alter a game's final score. In order to speed up and
improve the efficiency of product manufacturing, it is necessary to have access to free factors, which
are the locations of pioneers, thought leaders, and other influential people who may provide
essential input variables. It's possible to see free factors as pioneers. Furthermore, pioneers are
regarded to be unconstrained variables. To what extent an item is available and attractive, how
influential the underlying technology is, and what kind of market power exists all factor into the
product's financial performance in terms of its value, sales volume, and other market byproducts.

4 B)
The model provided an overview of the aspects that affect determining is a framework showing the
connection between each component and the influence they have on the film's overall performance
when combined together. As an added bonus, [the model] details how these parts interact with one
another. Figures 2, 3, and 4 depict three alternative approaches that may be taken to improve the
success rate of the product development cycle. The various hands that helped shape this product's
evolution are shown in a simplified schematic in Figure 1. The graphic illustrates these
considerations. The diagrams in Figures 2, 3, and 4 each show one of the numerous possible ways to
bring a product development project to fruition.
The author of this essay effectively used figures and diagrams to aid the reader's comprehension of
the subject matter. The models presented in the article's main content helped readers make
connections and see patterns in their own data sets. The models used make it simple for the reader
to grasp both the author's hypothesis and the evaluation of the relevant literature. This article
taught me the value of include models and diagrams in research papers by clearly showing how
various parts of the topic being studied relate to one another.