Ton Duc Thang University

Faculty of Information Technology

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
LAB 3: ARRAYS CLASS, STRING CLASS
I. Objective
After completing this tutorial, you can:
• Understand how to program with Arrays class.
• Understand how to program with String class.

II. Arrays Class

This class contains various static methods for manipulating arrays. Many of the methods have unique
specifications for each of the primitive types (boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, double).
Though only the methods for the primitive types are specifically discussed, many of the methods also
support an array of elements of type Object and generic types. You can read more about this class here.
To simplify the presentations of these methods, ptype will be used as a placeholder for a primitive type.
1. copyOf(ptype[ ] original, int newLength)
Copies the specified array of primitive types, truncating or padding (if needed) so the copy has the
specified length. If padding is necessary, the numeric types will pad with zero, char will pad with null,
and boolean will pad with false.
Example:

int[] org = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

int[] copy = Arrays.copyOf(org, 3); //copy = [1, 2, 3];

2. copyOfRange(ptype[ ] original, int beginIndex, int endIndex)

Copies the range beginIndex to endIndex-1 of the specified array into a new array. The
index beginIndex must lie between zero and original.length inclusively. As long as there are
values to copy, the value at original[beginIndex] is placed into the first element of the new array,
with subsequent elements in the original array placed into subsequent elements in the new array. Note
that beginIndex must be less than or equal to endIndex. The length of the returned array will
be endIndex - beginIndex.
Example:

int[] org = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

int[] copy = Arrays.copyOfRange(org, 1, 6); //copy = [2, 3, 4, 5, 0];

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3. toString(ptype[ ] a)
Return the string representation of the contents of the specified array, the resulting string consists of a
list of the array's elements, separated by a comma and a space, enclosed in square brackets ("[ ]"). It
returns null if the array is null.
Example:

int[] org = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

String copy = Arrays.toString(org, 3);
System.out.println(copy); // [1, 2, 3]

4. sort(ptype[ ] a)
Sorts the array into ascending order. The method uses the total order imposed by the
appropriate compareTo() method for floating point values, and all NaN values are considered
equivalent and equal. This method is not defined for boolean and short.
Example:

int intArr[] = {10, 20, 15, 22, 35};

Arrays.sort(intArr);
System.out.println(intArr); // [10, 15, 20, 22, 35]

5. binarySearch(ptype[ ]a, ptype key)

Searches the array for the key value using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted before
making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains duplicate elements
with the key value, there is no guarantee which element will be found. For floating point types, this
method considers all NaN values to be equivalent and equal. The method is not defined
for boolean or short.
Example:

int intArr[] = {10, 20, 15, 22, 35};

Arrays.sort(intArr);
int index = Arrays.binarySearch(intArr, 22);
System.out.println(index); //3

III. The class String

Java provides a class String in the package java.lang to support non-mutable strings. A non-mutable
string cannot be changed once it has been created. Instances of the String class can be combined to form
new strings, and numerous methods are provided for examining String objects. A String variable
contains a collection of characters surrounded by double quotes. You can read more about this class
here.

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Create a String object by string literal and by new keyword:

String greeting = "Hello"; // by string literal

String greeting1 = new String("Hello"); // by new keyword

1. length()
A String in Java is an object, which contains methods that can perform certain operations on strings. For
example, the length of a string can be found with the length() method:

String greeting = "Hello";

System.out.println("The length of the greeting string is: " + greeting.length());
// The length of the greeting string is: 5

2. charAt(int index)
You can reference the individual characters in a string by using the method charAt() with the same
index that you would use for an array.

String greeting = "Hello";

System.out.println(greeting.charAt(1)); // e

3. compareTo(String str)
You should not use the “==” operator to test whether two strings are equal. Using the “==” operator
determines only whether the references to the strings are the same; it does not compare the contents of
the String instances. You can compare strings by using the compareTo()method. Not only can you
determine whether two strings are equal, but you can determine which of two strings comes before the
other according to the Unicode table.

"Star".compareTo("star"); // returns negative

"abc".compareTo("abc"); // returns zero
"d".compareTo("abc"); // returns positive

4. concat(String str)
You can use the concat() method to concatenate two strings. You can also concatenate two strings to
form another string by using the “+” operator.

"Hello".concat(" Wolrd");

String greeting = "Hello";

greeting += " Wolrd";

Besides adding two strings together, you can also concatenate a string and a value of a primitive type
together by using the + operator.

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String string = "PI = " + 3.14;

// PI = 3.14

5. substring(int begin, int end)

Using substring() to access part of a string.

String title = "J Perfect's Diary";

System.out.println(title.substring(2, 9)); // Perfect

6. indexOf(String str, int fromIndex)

Returns the index of the first substring equal to str starting from the index fromIndex.
7. replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
Returns a string that is obtained by replacing all characters oldChar in the string with newChar.
8. equals(String str)
The method compares the two given strings based on the content of the string. If any character is not
matched, it returns false. If all characters are matched, it returns true.
You can’t use “==” to compare two String, because with “==” you compare object references, not
the content of the string.
9. split(String regex)
The method splits this string against a given regular expression and returns a String array.
10. trim()
Returns a string that has all leading and trailing spaces in the original string removed.

IV. Exercises
1. Write a Java program (Do not use the Arrays class, use the primitive array like Lab 2):
• Write a function to remove the first specific element from an array and return true, if the
element does not exist in an array return false.
• Write a function to insert an element at a specific position into an array. (After insertion
you can replace the last element with the element before)
(Ex: arr = [1,2,4,3] insert 5 at position 2 returns [1,2,5,4])
• Write a function to find the duplicate values of an array of integer values.
(Ex: arr = [1,3,1,3,2,4] returns [1,3])
• Write a function to remove the duplicate values of an array of integer values.
(Ex: arr = [1,3,1,3,2,4] returns [1,3,2,4])

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2. To create an integer 2-dimensional array (matrix), you can use the following statements:

int[][] arr = new int[2][3] // [[0 0 0]

// [0 0 0]]
int[][] arr1 = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}} // [[1 2 3]
// [4 5 6]]

Write a Java program:

• Write a function to add two matrices of the same size.
• Write a function to multiply a matrix with a number.
• Write a function to print a matrix to screen in matrix format.
• Write a main function and run all the above functions.
3. Write a Java program that receives the full name of a person and writes functions to:
• Return the first name and last name, except the middle name.
(Ex: Nguyen Van Chien → Nguyen Chien)
• Return the middle name. (Ex: Nguyen Thi Thu Thao → Thi Thu)
• Capitalize the full name. (Ex: nguyen van chien → Nguyen Van Chien)
• Uppercase all vowels and lowercase all consonants. (Ex: Nguyen Van Chien → ngUyEn
vAn chIEn)
4. Write a Java program:
• Find the length of the string.
• Count the number of words in the string.
• Concatenate one string’s contents to another.
• Check if a string is a palindrome or not.
5. Write a program to count how many times one word appears in the paragraph. Expect result is
the 2-dimension array in which the first column contains only one word, and the second column
contains its frequency. Words are not case-sensitive.
For example, given the string:
“You are living on a Plane. What you style Flatland is the vast level surface of what I may call
a fluid, on, or in, the top of which you and your countrymen move about, without rising above it
or falling below it.”
The example output may be like this figure (the order of the words is not obligated to follow this
example):

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