OMUSINDALANDU

GWAANAFAALAMA
YAANAMIBIA:

OOMBAHITELI
DHAKOLONDA
NELONGITHO
LYOMONDJILA
LYOMITI
OMUTI GWOKU DHIPAGA OMBAHITELI (OANTIBIOTIKA) OSHIKE?
Omuti gwokudhipaga okime ohadhi dhipaga omaludhi giilile gookime ngaashi, oombahiteli, .

Omuti gwoku dhipaga ombahiteli omiti (nge dhina lyadho) hadhi dhipanga omikithi dha etwa
koombahiteli. Omiti ndhino ihadhi dhipaga uupuka nookime adhihe. Omiti dhoku dhipaga
oombahiteli (oantibiotika) adhihe omiti dhokudhipaga ookime. Ashike, kadhishi omiti adhihe
dhokudhipaga ookime, omiti dhoku dhipaga oombahiteli.

EYOOLOKO POKATI KOTUNTILA NO MUTI GWOKU DHIPAGA

OMBAHITELI (OANTIBIOTIKA) OLILI PENI?
O tuntila ohayi tungu aakwaita yolutu yakondjithe omukithi (Ngoka hagu etwa kiinima ya
yoolokathana ngaashi ombahiteli). Otuntila ohayi gandjwa kiinamwenyo yina uundjolowele.

Omuti gwoku dhipaga ombahiteli ohagu gandjwa kiinamwenyo mbyoka tayi ehama (ngele
uuwehama wa etwa kombahiteli).

Kapuna oshinamwenyo shina uundjolowele sha pumbwa omuti gwoku dhipaga ombahiteli. Ino
hepeka iimaliwa yoye.

OANTIBIOTIKA OHAYI LONGO NGIINI:

Omukithi tagu pangwa nagu kale gwa etwa kombahiteli (inagu kala gwa etwa kokime yimwe yi
ili).

Oantibiotika nayi kale hayi dhipaga ombahiteli ndjoka tayi pangwa (oshoka, kadhishi omiti
dhoantibiotika adhihe hadhi dhipaga oombahiteli adhihe).

Omuti nagu kale gwa gwana (Ngaashi shatumbulwa kokakende/ okambaapila komuti.) Gwo
nagu gandjwe momukalo guli mondjila.

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Omuti nagu gandjwe uule wethimbo ndi gwa tumbulwa gu gandjwe. Inagu hulithwa kuyele
nenge omasiku gapitililithwe.

Omabahiteli inayi ethwa yi kolonde.

Ngele tashi vulika (Otashi kutha ethimbo no shimaliwa):

Ombahiteli oyina oku konaakonwa , yi monike kutya oyini komashina tashipitile moondohotola
dhiinamwenyo. Oyina woo oku konaakonwa yitalike kutya ohayi dhipagwa komiti
(oantibiotika) dhini. Olabola yedhina Central Veterinary Laboratory ohayi konaakona
oombahiteli.

OKIME / OMBAHITELI YA KOLONDA OSHIKE?

Ohaku tiwa okime oya kolonda ngele ookime ngaashi oombahiteli itaadhi si, nande odhi
pangwe no miti.

Ombahite inayi kolonda ohayi vulu okudhipagwa komiti .

Ombahiteli yakolonda ihayi vulu okudhipagwa komiti.

OKU KOLONDA KO KIME/OMBAHITELI OHAKU ETWA KOSHIKE?

Oombahiteli ohadhi kolondekwa shinene ngele aantu itaya iyutha komilandu dho antibiotika
(omiti dhoku dhipaga oombahiteli), ngele:

 Omuti tagu longithwa shapitilila (Oshinamwenyo tashi pewa omuti gwa pitilila ngu kwa
tiwa na shipewe.)
 Omuti tagu pewa oshinamwenyo inaagu gwana, kaagu thike pwaangu gwa nyolwa
komuti nenge ngu ndohotola ati nagu nuwe nenge gu wendelwe oshinamwenyo.
 Omuti itagu nuwa uule wethimbo ndi gwa uthwa gu nuwe, nenge gu wendelwe
oshinamwenyo
 Oantibiotika ndji tayi nuwa/ tayi wendelwa oshinamwenyo hayo hayi panga omukithi
ngu kagu pangwa.
 Okupanga iinamwenyo ahiye moshigunda noantibiotika, naambi itayi ehama.

OSHIKE WUNA OKUKALA WUNAKONASHA NOOMBAHITELI DHA

KOLONDA?
Mo 2019, aantu yeli oomiliona dhili ne, oya sa kuuvu wunasha noombahiteli dha kolonda.

Oombahiteli dha kolonda otadhi kondjitha uundjolowele wuunafalama muuyuni wopaife.

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EKANDULOPO OPO LILI YO AANAFALAMA OYENA OKUDHANA
ONKANDANGALA
Aanafaalama oyo yeli komeho shinasha nuundjolowele wiinamwenyo:

etiipo omikalo dhoku ngambeka omikithi opo omiti dhooantibiotika dhi haalongithwe
miinamwenyo yeni.

Uuna omiti dhooantibiotika tadhi longithwa (uuna oshinamwenyo tashi ehama), nadhi
longithwe nuukeka konima mwa popya noondohotola dhiimuna.

OTO DHANA ONKANDANGALA NGIINI?

Kaleka ofaalama nenge oshigunda shayela wukaleke
omikithi kokule niinamwenyo yoye, ngoye wukaleke po
uundjolowele wayo.

Sila iinamwenyo yoye oshimpwiyu, ohashi kaleke

iinamwenyo kokule nomikithi.

Tuntila iinamwenyo yoye, opo iinamwenyo yi haa ehame,

yo yi pumbwe ooantibiotika. Longitha omiti dhilwe,
kaadhishi ooantibiotika ngele tashi vulika.

Panga omapuka.

Kehe gumwe ta longo niinamwenyo na iyoge koonyala

nothewa, mpa hapu kala iinamwenyo napu kale pwa yela,
iilongitho nomatemba giinamwenyo nayo wo nayi kale
yayela. Aalithi naya kale yena iikutu noongaku yokukalitha
noyo koshigunda tayi vulu oku ya gamena.

Oku monenapo omukithi, ohashi kwatha oshinamwenyo

shi pangwe sho shi aluke mbala. Ino kwata olule wu popye
na ndohotola gwiinamwenyo ngele wa mono kutya
oshinamwenyo shoye otashi ehema.

Oku longitha ooantibiotika okukokitha iinamwenyo inashi

uthwa moNamibia, nenge oku pa iinamwenyo yina
uudjolowele ooantibiotika opo wukeelele omikithi osha
puka (Oantibiotika ohayi gandjwa kiinamwenyo tayi
ehama).

Hogolola eludhi lyoshinamwenyo tali tsama etali koko nawa momudhingoloko mu wuli.

Iinamwenyo yina uundjolowele inayi pumbwa ooantibiotika.

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Kala ho shanga kutya uunake, ngiini, openi no molwa shike wa longithile omuti goantibiotika.
Kala ho shanga iinima ayihe to ningi koshigunda.

Popya na ndohotola gwoye gwiinamwenyo. Ngele owu yali kokule, ohaya vulu woo
okudhengelwa.

Natu longeni yakwetu; aashiinda, ookuume, aanegumbo, aaniilonga pamwe natse na kehe
gumwe tatu vulu oku longa.

Ino longitha oantibiotika shapitilila, nayi longithwe owala ngele ya gandjwa kundohotola,
shithike mpa kwa tiwa nayi longithwe.

OTO NINGI NGIINI NGELE WUNA IINAMWENYO TAYI EHAMA:

Shotango konenena oshinamwenyo shi tashi ehema, etoshi kutha
mo miikwawo!

Oshinamwenyo shi konaakona wutale ngele:

Oshinamwenyo oshina oonkondo?

Tala meni lyomeho, nomokana watale ngele omwa tigiligana mo

mwa tuta ngaashi muna okukala

Tala uupyu woshinamwenyo.

Otashi ziya omanino nenge omahodhi

Tala kutya otashi vihi ngapi.

Otashi monika ngiini kolutu?

Ninga iinima ayihe mbika manga inoopopya na ndohotola gwoye

gwiinamwenyo mongondhi, ngele oto vulu shi thaaneka eto
tumine ndohotola omathano. Ngele ayihe mbika itayi vulika, fala
oshipangelo shiinamwenyo, nenge wu ithane ndohotola eye atale
oshinamwenyo.

OMITI DHOKU DHIPAGA OOKIME OHADHI ADIKA PENI, OHADHI

PUNGULWA NGIINI DHO OHADHI LONGITHWA NGIINI, MWA
KWATELWA OMITI DHOKU DHIPAGA OOMBAHITELI:
Pewa okambaapila koku ka landa omiti ku ndohotola. (Ino ka landa omiti inoodhi pewa ku
ndohotola).

Ngele owa landa oantibiotika ku ngweye mwene, pula ndohotola kutya ohayi longithwa ngiini.

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Landa omiti mo aputeka ya inekelwa.

Pungula omiti ngaashi sha shangwa koka kende. Ino thiga omiti dho antibiotika momutenya!
Omiti ndhi dha pumbwa oku talalekwa nadhi kalekwe mo
aiskasa! No ngele tadhi fala koshi gunda, nadhi falwe pamwe
nashimwe tashi dhi talaleke, ngaashi omadini gomeya ga aisa,
ino etha omeya nga ga aisa ga putsale, omiti odha pumbwa
dikale dha tala ethimbo alihe. Oantibiotika no tuntila ohayi
yonuka ngele ya putsala.

Gandja owala omuti gwa gwana, ngaashi gwa nyolwa ko

kakende komuti, iiyuthakomalombwelo.

Tala kutya omuti ohagu kala mo molutu lwoshinamwenyo ethimbo lyithike peni (ohashi kala
sha nyolwa kokakende komuti.), opo oshinamwenyo inaashi sa sho shiliwe manga omuti guli
molutu natango (omuti iha gu zimo molutu shampa oshinamwenyo shasi, onkene etha omuti
gupwemo molutu opo nawa shi dhipagwe.)

Ino longitha omuti gwa felefala.

Omiti dha felefala nadhi falwe koka pangelo kiinamwenyo, dhika ekelwehi shuuka.

OSHIKE IHASHI NINGWA NGELE TANDI LONGITHA OANTIBIOTIKA:

Oku gandja omuti inaagu gwana, no kuu ha manamo omiti.

Oku panga oshinamwenyo itashi ehama. Treating non-

infectious “disease” (E.g., closed fracture of leg).

Oku panga oshinamwenyo tashi ehema uuva wa etwa kokime

kaayishi ombahiteli.

Oku haalandula oma lombwelo ga ndohotola nenge nga ga

nyolwa kokakende komuti.

Oku indila omuti gwathigala mo gwamu shiinda.

Oku pungula omiti kohi yombete nenge moshihauto.

OANTIBIOTIKA OHAYI GANDJWA NGEIKA:

Mokana (ngaashi oondjuhwa) Ngele ndohotola ati, omunafaalama okwa
uthwa a gandje owenda kohi yoshipa shoshinamwenyo nenge
montumba, ngaashi omalombwelo taga ti.

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 Ooantibiotika dhimwe ohadhi gwayekwa koshipa. Dhimwe ohadhi tulwa
momagundji giinamweno, dhimwe meni lyuukintu woshinamwenyo.

OTANDI GANDJA OANTIBIOTIKA KOSHI NAMWENYO SHANDJE, ASHIKE

ITASHITI PO HWEPO:
Uuwehame owa tetwa komambahiteli tuu shili?

Oshinamwenyo osha konwaakonwa ngaa shi talike ko labola kutya omiti dhini tadhi vulu oku
dhi paga ombahiteli ndji shina?

Oantibiotika oya gandjwa tuu mondjila?

Oantibiotika oya pungulwa ngaa ngashi sha nyolwa kokakende komuti?

Omuti ogwa gandjwa ngaa uule we thimbo ndi lya uthwa?

Konenena kutya: Kala wa manguluka nguye wuna uushili uuna to popi na ndohotola
gwoshinamwenyo shoye, opo yeku kwathele nawa.

OKU GANDJA OANTIBIOTIKA INAYI GWANA, OSHINA UUPYAKADHI

NGIINI?

Uukolele wamwe (uukwatatu)

Uukolele womudhingoloko

Uukolele waantu

Uukolele wiinamwenyo

Ngele tokaleleke po uundjolowele wiinamwenyo yoye, noku kaleka oshigunda niilongitho ayihe
ya yela noyili melandathano, oto kaleke po oshimaliwa shoye (ito ka landa omiti wupange
iinamwenyo), sho otashi eta mo oshimaliwa mo ndjato yoye (iimuna otayi vulu oku landithwa
kondado yili nawa). Uukolole wumwe: Owa kwatelamo uukolele waantu, iinamwenyo yopaantu
no yomokuti, iimeno noshowo uukolele womudhingoloko. Uukolele mbuka (waantu,
wiinamwenyo nosho woo womudhingoloko) ohawu longele kumwe.

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OMBELEWA DHIIPANGELO YIINAMWENYO
Eenhana 065 263 203 Epukiro 062 568 777 Gobabis 062 562 441
Grootfontein 067 243 253 Kamanjab 067 330 014 Karasburg 063 270 109
Katima Mulilo 066 253 142 Keetmanshoop 063 223 003 Mariental 063 242 171
Nkurenkuru 066 258 075 Okahandja 062 501 151 Okakarara 067 317 901
Omaruru 064 570 115 Omuthiya 065 459 080 Ondangwa 065 240 831
Opuwo 065 273 012 Otavi 067 234 085 Otjinene 062 567 512
Otjiwarongo 067 302 131 Outapi 065 200 000 Outjo 067 313 050
Rundu 066 255 016 Walvis bay 064205 313 Windhoek 061 276 580

TSEYA KUTYA:
Omathano ngoka ga longithwa modukumente ndjika, inaga hogolelwa uufuuli, oga tulwamo
shaashi otaga ulike shotashi popiwa modukumente ndjika. Itaga ulike sha tashi landithwa. Inaga
ulika iilongitho, nenge omiti othihe ndhi tadhi vulu okulongithwa, oge li po owala onga oshi
holelwa.

LESHA ISHEWE:
https://agribank.com.na/page/library/

https://agribank.com.na/page/farming-tips/

ODUKENTE NDJINO OYA SHANDGWA SHIIKOLELELWA KO:

Epandja lyo World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH):

https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/global-initiatives/antimicrobial-resistance/

World Health Organization (WHO):

https://www.who.int/health-topics/antimicrobial-resistance

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO):

https://www.fao.org/antimicrobial-resistance/en/

© 2023, Dr Siegfried Khaiseb, Dr Anselm Voigts, Dr Lee-Monique Anderson, Dr Frank Busch, Dr Ellini Hamunyela