5G NSA

Drive Test Analysis and Optimization Guideline

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Contents

Anchoring Event 5G MIMO Coverage Packet Loss

• Coverage Optimization Objective
• Anchor Access Failure
• Coverage Optimization Method • Packet Loss Analysis
• Anchor Call Drop
• Coverage Optimization Process Flow • Latency Analysis
• RRC Connection Reestablishment
• Anchor Handover Issue
Throughput

• E2E Analysis
• Troubleshooting Process Flow on RAN
NR Event Side
External Interference
• Test Specification Checking
• NR Access Issue
• Factors Impact Throughput
• NR Abnormal Handover Event • External Interference Analysis
• Low Grants
• NR Call Drop
• Low RB Assigned
• High iBLER
• Low RANK
• Low MCS
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NSA Anchor Optimization : Anchoring Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
Anchor Access Failure Optimization
In NSA , the B1 measurement delivery and SCG addition process are triggered only after the NSA UE successfully access the LTE network. Therefore, if
the LTE side fails to access the network, the 5G service cannot be trigger.

The troubleshooting process analysis for LTE RRC and E RAB establishment, will be same as LTE Only users, as per green box.
Signaling flow for SgNB Addition

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NSA Anchor Optimization : Anchoring Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
Anchor Call Drop Optimization
The Impact of LTE Call Drops on the 5G :
1. When there is LTE call drop , the SgNB will be released. After the NSA UE re access the network, only the SgNB can be added again , as a result ,
the 5G service will be interrupted and affect the user experience.
2. After the SgNB is added again, the NSA UE need to re access to NR side. In this case, the RANK and MCS need to be re adjusted, during this
period of time, there will have an impact on the Downlink Data Rate.

The troubleshooting process analysis for Anchor Cell Call Drop, will be same as LTE Only users, as per green box.

LTE Call Drop Signaling Procedure

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NSA Anchor Optimization : Anchoring Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
RRC Connection Reestablishment Optimization on Anchor Cell

The Impact of LTE Re establishement on the 5G :

1. When there is a LTE network reestablishment, the eNodeB will need to release and re add the SgNB or reconfigure the SgNB. As
a result, 5G service will be interrupted.
2. After the SgNB is added or reconfigured , the NSA UE need to re access the network. In this case, the RANK and MCS need to
be adjusted for a period of time, there will have an impact on the Downlink Data Rate

The troubleshooting process analysis for Anchor Cell LTE RRC Connection Reestablishment, will be same as LTE Only users.

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NSA Anchor Optimization : Anchoring Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
Anchor Handover Optimization
The Impact of LTE Call Drops on the 5G :
1. If LTE handover fails, the UE initiates a reestablishement or a call drop ( depending on the failure phase , as shown on the table) , as a result , the
NR service will be interrupted .
Event Occurrence Scenario Symptoms

If the UE cannot receive LTE Handover Command, the handover cannot be performed. As a
result , the interference of the neighboring cell becomes more serious.

The UE cannot receive the LTE handover command 1.If the UE detect UL Radio Link Fails, then UE initiates RRC connection reestablishment ,
(RRC CONN RECFG). NR data transmission will be interrupted

2.If the UE detect DL Radio Link Fails , the LTE serving cell will releases the UEs, and LTE
call drops occur.

The UE fails to access the target LTE cell. The UE initiates RRC connection reestablishment, NR data transmission will be interrupted
LTE handover
failure

The UE initiates RRC connection reestablishment. NR data transmission will be interrupted

The target cell cannot receive the handover

completion message
(RRC CONN RECFG CMP) due to air interface or
PDCP Integrity Check Failure. If the UE does not initiate RRC Connection Reestablishment , the target LTE cell does not
send a SgNB Reconfiguration Complete message to the gNodeB .
The SgNB initiates a release request after gNodeB timer expires.

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 Anchoring Event 5G MIMO Coverage Packet Loss
• Coverage Optimization Objective
• Anchor Access Failure
• Coverage Optimization Method • Packet Loss Analysis
• Anchor Call Drop
• Coverage Optimization Process Flow • Latency Analysis
• RRC Connection Reestablishment
• Anchor Handover Issue
Throughput

• E2E Analysis
• Troubleshooting Process Flow on RAN
NR Event Side
External Interference
• Test Specification Checking
• NR Access Issue
• Factors Impact Throughput
• NR Abnormal Handover Event • External Interference Analysis
• Low Grants
• NR Call Drop
• Low RB Assigned
• High iBLER
• Low RANK
• Low MCS
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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Access Optimization
Troubleshooting based on below checking to analyze the root cause and to provide further action based for specific problem
1.Site Alarm/Status Checking to isolate RAN issue.
2.Problem location DT Log analysis : Coverage, Abnormal Event, Signaling Checking
3.Parameter and KPI checking related to Accesssibility SR,Failure Cause , Coverage, Interference , Resource.
NR Access Principle Reverse Signaling Procedure Check

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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Abnormal Handover Event Optimization
• In NSA, the handover involves the handover of the Anchor LTE cell and the change of the 5G cell.
• As due to gNB/eNB does not know the location and radio quality of the UE, thus the UE needs to send Measurement Report
related with radio quality information

NSA Mobility Overview

Handover Process :
1.When receiving a measurement or handover event, the eNodeB delivers a handover command to the UE.
2.After receiving the handover command, the UE interrupts the interaction of the target cell,
3.The source cell is handed over to the target cell according to the handover command,
4.And the target cell is notified through signaling interaction to complete the entire handover process.

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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Abnormal Handover Event Optimization for 4G MeNB Handover

To change Pcell within same MeNB with SgNB To change Pcell with different MeNB with SgNB
Intra-MeNB handover (Intra or Inter-frequency) Inter-MeNB handover (Intra or Inter-frequency)

(1-2) After receiving Event A3 Measurement

(1-2) After receiving Event A3 Measurement (1-2) After receiving Event A3 Measurement

(3-5) UE
(3-5) UE handed
handed over
over to
to new
new LTE
LTE Cell
Cell
(3-6)
(3-6) Change
Change Request
Request

(7) SeNB send release request to SgNB

(8-15) Change execution

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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Abnormal Handover Event Optimization for 5G SgNB Handover
To change PSCell within same SgNB To change PSCell within different SgNB
SgNB Modification Triggered by the SgNB SgNB Change Triggered by the SgNB

(1) After receiving Event A3

(2-3) Change Preparation
(1) After receiving Event A3 Measurement

(4-17) Change Execution

(2-3) Change Preparation

(4-5) Change Execution

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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Abnormal Handover Event Optimization
General Principles for locating NR Handover Failure through signaling procedure from the Uu Interface

Handover Event Occurrence Scenario Symptoms

1. No 5G neighboring Cell Configured

Measurement Configuration Loss 2.Restricted Channels, Including the PDCCH/PDSCH
3.Coverage Reasons
1.Restricted Channels,including the PDCCH/PUSCH
Measurement Report Loss 2.Coverage Reasons
3.UE Exceptions

Handover Command (RRC Connection 1.Restricted Channels,including the PDCCH/PUSCH

Reconfifuration )Message Loss 2.Coverage Reasons
NR Handover Failure 3.eNodeB or gNodeB handover decision failures or Internal Exceptions

Handover Completion (RRC Connection 1.Restricted Channels, including the PDCCH/PUSCH

Reconfiguration Complete) Message Loss 2.Coverage Reasons
3.UE Exceptions

1.The RLC SN Size Configuration of the source cell is inconsistent with that
Random Access Failure at the gNodeB of the target cell.
2.Restricted Channels,including the PRACH/PDCCH/PDSCH/PUSCH
3.Coverage Reasons
4.eNodeB or gNodeB Internal Exceptions

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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Abnormal Call Drop Event Optimization
There are Two Types of Call Drops on the Terminal Side.

1. 5G Command is directly received from the network side (the nr- 1. UE reports SCGFailureInformationNR and then the release
Config-r15 filed in the RRCConnection Reconfiguration message carries indication delivered by the base station. In this scenario , UE will request
the release field) that NR eRAB Abnormal Rel is displayed on the Event for release after detecting the event.
Tab

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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Abnormal Call Drop Event Optimization
NR Call Drop in following scenarios
Signaling Process of analysis mostly involves:
1.Who initiate call drop
2.What is the release cause in the signaling
3.What signaling procedures occurs before call drops occur?

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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Abnormal Call Drop Event Optimization

Possible Cause and troubleshooting direction

Release Type Release Cause Possible Cause & Check Direction

Radio-connection-with-UE-lost The number of downlink RLC retransmissions reaches the maximum. Check the signal quality, air interface bit errors, and RLC parameters.

No-radio-resources-available Check the internal release cause values and debug logs of the CHR to determine the resource allocation failure.
5G base station
transport-resource-unavailable If the transmission of the S1-U or X2 is faulty, rectify the fault according to the transmission problem.
Scg-mobility Normal release. The UE reports A2 normal release. Check whether the 5G A2 threshold is too high.

failure-in-the-radio-procedure The UE sends an SCG Failure message over the air interface. For details, see. RRC connection reestablishment occurs on the LTE side.

transport-resource-unavailable If the problem is caused by S1-U or X2-U, rectify the fault according to the transmission problem.
Other signaling procedures on the LTE side are abnormal. For example, after NR is added, the LTE core network sends a bearer modification
4G base station rrm-purpose request, but no response from the core network is received within the timeout period. Check the signaling procedure before the release on the LTE
side.
Mcg-mobility During an inter-eNodeB handover, the source eNodeB is released normally, which is not a call drop.
Unspecified The CN initiates a release procedure.
The TA times out or the number of SRS reaches the maximum number (Probe KeyEventList can be specified). Check the signal quality and bit
randomAccessProblem
errors on the air interface.

rlc-MaxNumRetx The number of uplink RLC retransmissions reaches the maximum. Check the bit errors on the air interface and set the RLC parameters.
UE
scg-reconfigFailure If an internal procedure conflict occurs on the UE side or a cell fails to be verified, contact UE engineers for analysis and confirmation.

During a UE handover (5G handover or 5G random access during an LTE handover), cell search fails. Check the neighboring cell, X2 configuration,
scg-ChangeFailure
and target cell status.

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NR Event Optimization : NR Abnormal Event Troubleshooting and Optimization
NR Abnormal Call Drop Event Optimization

Reverse checking to Identify the scenarios where the problem occurs based on the root cause.

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 Anchoring Event 5G MIMO Coverage Packet Loss
• Coverage Optimization Objective
• Anchor Access Failure
• Coverage Optimization Method • Packet Loss Analysis
• Anchor Call Drop
• Coverage Optimization Process Flow • Latency Analysis
• RRC Connection Reestablishment
• Anchor Handover Issue
Throughput

• E2E Analysis
• Troubleshooting Process Flow on RAN
NR Event Side
External Interference
• Test Specification Checking
• NR Access Issue
• Factors Impact Throughput
• NR Abnormal Handover Event • External Interference Analysis
• Low Grants
• NR Call Drop
• Low RB Assigned
• High iBLER
• Low RANK
• Low MCS
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5G Massive MIMO Coverage Analysis and Optimization
Coverage Optimization Objective
5G Coverage Optimization would have to consider two types SSB and CSI RS
1. SSB : Send during Idle and Connected Mode , that affects the access, retainability , mobility of the UE
2. CSI RS : Send only during Connected Mode , that affect the CQI/PMI/RI measurement of the UE , and ahs a great impact on the
data rate.
** CSI RS : Currently commercial UE doesn’t support CSI RS-RSRP and SINR measurement

The Objective of MIMO Coverage optimization is to reduces the proportion of SSB poor quality road and ensure continuous 5G Coverage to prevent
call drop and handover failure.

Below is the recommended optimization Threshold :

Optimization objective Recommended Value

Common urban areas: The proportion of SSB RSRP>= -95dBm is greater than 95%.
SSB RSRP
Refined network: The proportion of SSB RSRP>= -88dBm is greater than 95%.
Common urban areas: The proportion of SSB SINR>= 0 dB is greater than 98%.
SSB SINR
Refined network: The proportion of SSB SINR>= 0 dB is greater than 99%.

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5G Massive MIMO Coverage Analysis and Optimization
Coverage Optimization Methods
 Identify the Coverage Problem Area through Assistant
Export DT Result in CSV and example check on the RSRP smaller than -110 dBm , Identify the Poor Coverage area on geographical Display and
SINR smaller than 0 dB adjust the legend segment and color that can quickly spot on
the map
No. Longitude Latitude DateTime PCI NR PCC SS-RSRP(dBm) NR PCC SS-SINR(db)
1 121.07052066 14.64296983 2020-01-08 15:59:04.500 70 -82.44 12
2 121.07048625 14.64293543 2020-01-08 15:59:05.500 70 -91.13 2
3 121.07045678 14.64290347 2020-01-08 15:59:06.500 70 -92.44 4
4 121.07043165 14.64287665 2020-01-08 15:59:07.500 70 -92 3
5 121.07041026 14.64285621 2020-01-08 15:59:08.500 70 -98.19 3
6 121.07039568 14.64284235 2020-01-08 15:59:09.500 70 -115.06 2
7 121.07038425 14.64283091 2020-01-08 15:59:10.500 70 -110.94 0.4
8 121.07036521 14.64281187 2020-01-08 15:59:11.500 70 -109.25 0.7
9 121.07033968 14.64278721 2020-01-08 15:59:12.500 70 -111.63 -1
10 121.07031388 14.64276382 2020-01-08 15:59:13.500 70 -104.88 -1
11 121.07028320 14.64273407 2020-01-08 15:59:14.500 70 -91.81 0
12 121.07025098 14.64269932 2020-01-08 15:59:15.500 70 -92 1

Troubleshooting Suggestion :
Coverage Issue No Dominant Serving Cell , Weak Coverage, Coverage Overlapping /Overshooting
Handover Issue Missing Neighbor (LTE-LTE, LTE-NR,NR-NR) , Other Reason cause unable to HO , Scell change Delay
NR PCI Confusion , MOD3 Interference
PCI Confusion
LTE PCI Confusion and MOD3 Interference
Abnormal Reported CQI Continuous CQI reported by UE in Null
Other Issue UE and etc

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5G Massive MIMO Coverage Analysis and Optimization
Coverage Optimization Methods
5G Broadcast Beam can be applied in different scenarios
5G SRAN 15.0++ has 17 Coverage scenarios compare with LTE MM 13 Scenarios
G Project is using default scenarios

Scenario ID Ant. Scenario M-Tilt Recommendation Digital Tilt Recommendation Adjustable SSB ETilt(Reference)

Default H105_V6 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: -2° to +9°

Scenario 1 H110_V6 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: -2° to +9°

Scenario 2 H90_V6 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: -2° to +9°

Scenario 3 H65_V6 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: -2° to +9°

Scenario 4 H45_V6 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: -2° to +9°

Scenario 5 H25_V6 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: -2° to +9°

Scenario 6 H110_V12 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 0 to 6°

Scenario 7 H90_V12 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 0 to 6°

Scenario 8 H65_V12 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 0 to 6°

Scenario 9 H45_V12 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 0 to 6°

Scenario 10 H25_V12 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 0 to 6°

Scenario 11 H15_V12 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 0 to 6°

Scenario 12 H110_V25 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 6°

Scenario 13 H65_V25 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 6°

Scenario 14 H45_V25 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 6°

Scenario 15 H25_V25 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 6°

Scenario 16 H15_V25 Depends on target 6° AAU5613 and other AAU's: 6°

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5G Massive MIMO Coverage Analysis and Optimization
Coverage Optimization Methods
5G MIMO Coverage Optimization would need to consider the MM Beam Weight Pattern and to ensure both Traffic Beam and
Broadcast Beams are align.
CSI-RS (64T)

Effective RF Traffic CSI RS Beam (Channel State Information-Reference Signal)

Ant Height • User level beam in connected mode that related to UE’s signal strength
Traffic
CSI RS Beam • The beams are directly affected by the antenna’s Mechanical Tilt and the
effective RF antenna height of the site.
Mechanical
Tilt Total Downtilt = Mechanical Downtilt
SSB (64T)
Broadcast beam (SSB Synchronization Signal Beam)
• Cell level beam in idle mode that related to camping and access
Broadcast SSB Digital Tilt • The beams are directly affected by the site’s effective RF height, the antenna’s
Beam Mechanical and SSB Digital Tilts, and the Antenna Scheme being used.

Total Downtilt = Mechanical Downtilt + Digital tilt (6°)

Antenna
Scheme H105V6

**Note:
Digital Tilt refer to the Antenna Preset Tilt, therefore
for AAU5613 NR35 & AAU 5614 NR26 are by default
255 in setting=6 tilt based on antenna spec
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5G Massive MIMO Coverage Analysis and Optimization

Suggestion for MM Coverage Optimization Process Flow

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

IDENTIFY ADJUST ADJUST

COVERAGE PROBLEM AREA TRAFFIC BEAMS BROADCAST BEAMS

1. Confirm the target problem coverage area 1.Adjust the M Tilt to improve the traffic beam 1.Adjust the Digital tilt to improve
(residential areas) distances 2.Adjust the Azimuth if require Broadcast Beam if require.
2. Confirm existing neighbor sites to minimize cell 2.Choose suitable Scenario based
overlapping Broadcast Beam Patterns if require

*Antenna Default Preset Digital Tilt is the

Optimum Tilt.

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 Anchoring Event 5G MIMO Coverage Packet Loss
• Coverage Optimization Objective
• Anchor Access Failure
• Coverage Optimization Method • Packet Loss Analysis
• Anchor Call Drop
• Coverage Optimization Process Flow • Latency Analysis
• RRC Connection Reestablishment
• Anchor Handover Issue
Throughput

• E2E Analysis
• Troubleshooting Process Flow on RAN
NR Event Side
External Interference
• Test Specification Checking
• NR Access Issue
• Factors Impact Throughput
• NR Abnormal Handover Event • External Interference Analysis
• Low Grants
• NR Call Drop
• Low RB Assigned
• High iBLER
• Low RANK
• Low MCS
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5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
E2E Analysis
1.There are many factors that will affect the Throughput , such as UE > Air interface > gNodeB > Tx > Core > Server Nodes. Therefore to resolve
Throughput issue, normally would require to demarcate from E2E, and optimize each Node .
2.Factors 1,2,3,6,7,9,10,11,12 will be reflected on the Grant and RB, while Factors 4,5,6 and 7 will be reflected on the MCS, BLER and RANK.

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5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Troubleshooting Process Flow on the RAN Side
 Test Specification Check : Check the test items related to
throughput such as UE , Server, Test Software , UE AMBR

 Abnormal Event Analysis : Analyze abnormal events based

on DT Log Analysis including Call Drop , frequent PScell
Change , Cell Change failure.

 Coverage Analysis: Analyze coverage problem if there is

missing neighbor , coverage hole, no dominant serving cell,
cell change delay.

 LTE /NR Site Intermittent : Check both LTE and NR if have

major alarm

 Parameter Check: Ensure both LTE and NR Parameters have

set accordingly

 Interference Analysis : Analyze interference problem such

as overshooting or overlapping issue.

 Resource Capacity : Check if resource capacity ,scheduling

issue , high PRB , High User Number, High CPU Load or
problem exist on the RAN Side.

 Identify the Packet Loss Issue : Capture the packet loss to

identify which domain with fault occurs. Re do packet ping
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. test if is difficult to capture the packet loss and checkPage
if RAN
25
side has issue
5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Test Specification Check
1. Check UE Capability under message of 2. Check SIM Card Registration Speed
UECapabilityInformation in the drive test log The UE AMBR can be queried from the initial packet setup request of the S1
message. As shown in the figure, the AMBR of the user is 4 Gbps.

3. Test Laptop Performance

Recommended , Lenovo X1 Carbon, detail refer to SSV PPT

4. Server Performance
Recommended FTP Server Spec :
The server model used on site is RH2288 V3, with the typical configurations of
2*E5-2690 V3 CPU, 16*16 GB memory, 12*2 TB SATA+2*600 GB SAS HD, 8*GE,
4*10GE, SR430C+Supercap, and 2*750 W AC.

5. Require Large Download FTP Files with Multiple Threads

The download speed from the end of file downloading to the setup of a new file will
be degraded. It is recommended that a file larger than 20 GB be used as the
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5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Uu Factors Impact Throughput
 To Understand the Theoretical formula of DL Throughput Calculation on the RAN Side and the factors that will impact the Throughput

Downlink throughput = PDCCH DL Grant * PDSCH RE Number per Slot * Bits per RE * Code Rate * Layers * (1-BLER%)
PDCCH DL Grant Number of Downlink Scheduling Times
PDSCH RE Number per Slot Represent the RE Source that can be used by the PDSCH of each timeslot
Bits per RE 256 QAM = 8 bits , 64 QAM=6 bits, 16 QAM = 4 bits , QPSK = 2 bits
Code Rate Bit Rate of Downlink Data Demodulation determined by MCS index Table , 3GPP 38214 Table 5.1.3.1-2
Layers RANK ; Number of transmission layers on PDSCH
BLER Target iBLER is 10%

 Based on the Formula , Throughput can be directly affected by RANK, MCS , BLER , Grant , RB , whereby MCS , BLER and RANK are closely
related to Uu Interface factors , while Grant and RB mainly affected by abnormal scheduling or insufficient inbound traffic.

Below is sample data from other project , to show that Grant, RB,MCS, Rank, BLER can impact the Throughput

Region Grant Number of RBS MCS Rank Bler (%) Throughput (Mbps)
Cluster B 1466 257 22 2.68 8.52 623.16
Cluster F 1535 255 18.79 2.55 9.77 493.03
Cluster D 1497 250 16 2.48 10.7 355.23

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5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Problematic Area caused by Low Grant

Problematic Area X :
Insufficient Downlink Scheduling

Detail :
Low Throughput with Low DL Scheduling Times : XX ( Example < 1400)

Analysis :
(Example) The SSB Coverage is good , however the number of scheduling
is lower than the threshold

Troubleshooting Suggestion :
1.Check if the terminal capability is limited by the maximum rate ;
Terminal Capability 2.Current mobile support RANK 4 under 64T64R AAU condition
3.Check on "UECapabilityInformation" under the DT Log

1.Check if the subscriber SIM is restricted by the maximum bit rate

2.Currently GT SIM
SIM Card Registration Rate
Commercial SIM Max Bit Rate : 850 Mbps
Abnormal Test SIM : Sometimes < 100 Mbps , need to escalate to Core Team
Normal Test SIM : ~ 2Gbps
1. If FTP Server is available to download , Check if the download task is set to multiple threads and the download file size is
FTP Server Performance and FTP DL file Size greater than 20 GB (Example)
2.If the FTP Server is working Properly , example (Globe) Speed Test Server
Packet Loss
1.Check if the Upstream packet loss and delay is high on the transmission or core
Abnormal Event Occur Example frequent handover and etc
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5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Problematic Area caused by Low DL RB Assigned

Problematic Area X :
Insufficient Downlink RB Assigned

Detail :
Low Throughput with Low DL RB assigned : XX

Analysis :
(Example) The level and SINR of the primary serving cell are good, the
scheduling is good, however the RB assigned is insufficient.

Troubleshooting Suggestion :
DL Bandwidth LST NRDUCELL to check the DLBandwidth

1.When the operating temperature of the RF unit exceeds the operating range,
AAU has Excessive High Temperature 2.Alarm is generated, indicating that the RF unit temperature is abnormal
Alarm ID : ALM-26525

1.Alarm is generated when the RF unit detects that the external input power is insufficient.
RF Unit Input Power is Insufficient 2.This alarm indicates that the RF unit is derated when this alarm is a minor alarm. As a result, the RB resources are insufficient.
Alarm ID : ALM-26546.

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5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Problematic Area caused by High iBLER

Problematic Area X :
High iBLER

Detail :
Low throughput with Average iBLER: XX

Analysis :
(Example) Consecutive samples with high iBLER greater than 15%

In normal conditions, the gNodeB adjusts the MCS so that the iBLER of the data packets received by the UE is near to the set value (currently, the
value is 10%).
Troubleshooting Suggestion :

Check the Downlink Target IBLER Setting

Downlink Target IBLER
LST NRDUCELLPDSCH -DlTargetIbler , Current Setting is in recommended value 10 , ensure not to set too large

External Interference Check if there is any External Interference

Inter Site Interference Check if there is any Inter Site Interference, Overlapping

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5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Problematic Area caused by Low RANK

Problematic Area X :
Low RANK

RF Reason
Detail : Low throughput with NR PCC Rank Indicator : XX
Analysis : (Example) Poor RSRP/SINR causing Low RANK

Non RF Reason
Detail : Low throughput with NR PCC Rank Indicator : XX
Analysis : (Example) Good RSRP/SINR, however RANK is low

Troubleshooting Suggestion for RF Reason :

Max Transmit Power Adjust the Maximum Transmit Power of the Cell if is require

Tilting Adjust the Mechanical Tilt / Digital Tilt if is require

Azimuth Adjust the Azimuth if is require

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5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Problematic Area caused by Low RANK

Troubleshooting Suggestion for Non RF Reason :

DSP NRDUCELLCHNCALIB
1.Check the Channel Calibration Result if the calibration is successful
2.If the Channel Calibration Failed, Request NOC for assistance to execute command STR NRDUCELLCHNCALIB to calibrate the
channel.
Channel Calibration

DSP LICINFO
Insufficient License If the allocated value of the license is less than the configured value, the license assigned is insufficient and the alarm "Configuration Data
Exceeding Licensed Limit" is generated.

Abnormal Event Check whether there is frequenct Handover or There is no handover perform by a strong signal neighbor

1.Faulty RF Unit will cause cell service capabiliy deteriote

As a result, the serving cell and neighboring cells are not synchronized, causing severe clock out-of-synchronization and uplink and
downlink interference
RF Unit , CPRI Alarm
2.CPRI Alarm, RF intermittent disconnection
As a result, SSB & CSI RSRP will drop and affect the measurement, thus RANK will drop and affect the Throughput

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 32

5G Throughput Analysis and Optimization
Problematic Area caused by Low MCS

Problematic Area X :
Low MCS

Detail :
Low throughput with Low MCS: XX

Analysis :
(Example) Poor SINR causing Low MCS

• MCS and the modulation mode (256QAM/64QAM/16 QAM) determine the TB Size and the channel transmission efficiency
• In theory, the MCS modulation and coding scheme is implemented according to the mapping conversion of the CQI ,
• The CQI is the channel quality indicator (Channel Quality Indicator), which reflects the channel quality
Therefore, poor SINR will directly cause Low MCS

Troubleshooting Suggestion :
As since Poor SINR is usually caused by network interference , thus suggest to check

1. NR Intra-RAT Neighbor Interference

2. Inter- Beam Interference
3. External Interference

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 33

 Anchoring Event 5G MIMO Coverage Packet Loss
• Coverage Optimization Objective
• Anchor Access Failure
• Coverage Optimization Method • Packet Loss Analysis
• Anchor Call Drop
• Coverage Optimization Process Flow • Latency Analysis
• RRC Connection Reestablishment
• Anchor Handover Issue
Throughput

• E2E Analysis
• Troubleshooting Process Flow on RAN
NR Event Side
External Interference
• Test Specification Checking
• NR Access Issue
• Factors Impact Throughput
• NR Abnormal Handover Event • External Interference Analysis
• Low Grants
• NR Call Drop
• Low RB Assigned
• High iBLER
• Low RANK
• Low MCS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 34
5G Packet Loss and Latency Analysis and Optimization
Packet Loss and Latency Check
Troubleshoot the latency or packet loss issue by checking the multi interface from Node to Node ,to identify the NE Interface problem.

Latency Troubleshoot Flow Packet Loss Troubleshoot Flow

• Analyze the delay between any 2 points/Nodes ,

• If the delay is normal , then analyze the next segment. • If the packet loss rate of 1,2,3 is different, analyze if the loss rate of the tx
• If the delay is abnormal , check the related NEs / Transports path is greater or smaller than the previous loss rate to identify the issue
• Check the delay for each TCP link setup phase and RTT delay of UL/ DL data NEs
transmit.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 35
 Anchoring Event 5G MIMO Coverage Packet Loss
• Coverage Optimization Objective
• Anchor Access Failure
• Coverage Optimization Method • Packet Loss Analysis
• Anchor Call Drop
• Coverage Optimization Process Flow • Latency Analysis
• RRC Connection Reestablishment
• Anchor Handover Issue
Throughput

• E2E Analysis
• Troubleshooting Process Flow on RAN
NR Event Side
External Interference
• Test Specification Checking
• NR Access Issue
• Factors Impact Throughput
• NR Abnormal Handover Event • External Interference Analysis
• Low Grants
• NR Call Drop
• Low RB Assigned
• High iBLER
• Low RANK
• Low MCS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 36
5G External Interference

Case Study based on SLZ, that have identified both neighbor NR35 site BINAN and STAROSA2 have high interference >-105dBm

Analysis :
• FFT & Interference Detect Monitoring Checking,
External interference is detected nearby San Antonio Campus ,both BINAN and STAROSA2 had similar interference signal 3584MHz to 3588MHz.
Based on site Scanning team feedback suspect far end microwave tower, and need to further investigate on the 3.5G microwave

BINAN

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 37

 Thank you！
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