ASEMINARREPORT

ON

INTERNETOFTHINGS

In partial fulfillment for the award of the

B.Tech.
In
ComputerScience

3rdSem
eseter
 INDEX
Topics: PageNo.:

1. Introduction………………………………….. 3
1.1WhatisIOT?.......................................... 3
1.2HistoryofIOT………………………… 4
1.3WhyisIOTimportant?......................... 5
1.4BenefitsofIOT………………………… 5

2. Applications………………………………….. 7
3. Future………………………………… 9
4. Disadvantages………………………… 10
5. Conclusion……………………………………. 10
6. References……………………………………. 10

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 1.Introduction
WhatisIOT?
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical
anddigital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers
(UIDs)and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computerinteraction.
A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm
animalwith a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver
when tirepressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an
InternetProtocol(IP)addressandis able totransferdataovera network.
Increasingly, organizations in a variety of industries are using IoT to operate more
efficiently,better understand customers to deliver enhanced customer service, improve
decision-makingandincreasethevalue ofthebusiness.

IOTExamples

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 HistoryofIOT
The main concept of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1982, with
amodifiedCoca-ColavendingmachineatCarnegieMellon
UniversitybecomingthefirstARPANET-connected appliance, able to report its inventory and
whether newly loaded drinkswere cold or not. Mark Weiser's 1991 paper on ubiquitous
computing, "The Computer of the21stCentury",as well as academicvenuessuch as UbiComp
and PerCom produced thecontemporary vision of the IOT. In 1994, Reza Raji described the
conceptin IEEE Spectrumas "moving small packets of data to a large set of nodes, so as to
integrate and
automateeverythingfromhomeappliancestoentirefactories".Between1993and1997,severalcomp
anies proposed solutions like Microsoft's at Work or Novell's NEST. The field
gainedmomentum when Bill Joy envisioned device-to-device communication as a part of his
"SixWebs"framework,presentedatthe WorldEconomic ForumatDavosin1999.
Theconceptofthe"Internetofthings"andthetermitself,firstappearedinaspeechbyPeter
T. Lewis, to the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation 15th Annual Legislative Weekend
inWashington, D.C, published in September 1985. According to Lewis, "The Internet of
Things,or IoT, is the integration of people, processes and technology with connectable devices
andsensors to enable remote monitoring, status, manipulation and evaluation of trends of
suchdevices."

Evolutionof IOT

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 WhyisIOTimportant?
Over the past few years, IoT has become one of the most important technologies of the
21stcentury. Now that we can connect everyday objects—kitchen appliances, cars,
thermostats,baby monitors—to the internet via embedded devices, seamless communication is
possiblebetweenpeople,processes,andthings.
By means of low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile
technologies,physicalthingscanshareandcollectdatawithminimalhumanintervention.Inthishyper
connectedworld,digitalsystemscanrecord,monitor,andadjusteachinteractionbetweenconnectedt
hings.Thephysicalworldmeetsthe digitalworld—and theycooperate.

BenefitsofIOT
1. Improvedproductivityofstaffandreducedhumanlabor
Thanks toIoT solutions,mundane tasks can be done automatically,sohuman resources maybe
transferred to more complex tasks that require personal skills, especially out-of-the-
boxthinking. This way, the number of workers can be minimized, which resultsin reduced
costsofbusiness operation.

2. Efficientoperationmanagement
Anothersignificantbenefitofferedby theinterconnection of
smartdevicesisautomatedcontrolovermultipleoperationareas,including,amongothers,inventory
management,shipping tracking,fuel and spare parts management. For example, this approach
involvesusingRFID tags and a correspondingnetwork of sensors to track thelocation of
equipmentandgoods.

3. Betteruseofresourcesand assets
Theautomatedschedulingandmonitoringimplementedwiththehelpofinterconnectedsensors
enable higher efficiency of resource use, such as improved power management
andwaterconsumption.Forexample,simplemotion detectorsmay savesignificantsumsofmoney
in electricity andwaterbills,thusmakingboth smallandlargebusinessesmoreproductive andeco-
friendly.

4. Cost-effectiveoperation
Due to the reduced downtime periods, ensured by automatically scheduled and
controlledmaintenance, supply of raw materials, and other manufacturing requirements, the
equipmentmay have a higher production rate resulting in bigger profits. Again, IoT devices
greatlyfacilitatemanagementwithinindividualdepartmentsandacrossthewholeenterprisestructure
.

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5. Improvedworksafety

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Inadditiontotheabovementionedbenefit,thescheduledmaintenanceisalsohighlyadvantageous for
ensuring operational safety and compliance with the required regulations. Intheir turn, safe
working conditions make the enterprise more attractive for investors,
partners,andpersonnel,increasingthebrandreputationandtrust.

6. Thoroughmarketingandbusinessdevelopment
Smart devices that are situated at homes, especially voice assistants and other appliances
thatcandirectlycommunicatewithend-usersonaregularbasis,provideinvaluablesourceinformation
for business analysis. IoT helps enterprises by gathering large volumes of user-specific data
employed for developing business strategies, targeted advertising, fine-tuningprice
policy,andothermarketingandmanagementactivities.

7. Improvedcustomerserviceandretention
The abovementioned collection of user-specific data achieved by using smart devices
alsohelps businesses to understand the expectations and behavior of customers better. IoT
alsoimprovescustomerservicebyfacilitatingfollow-
upsaftersalessuchasautomatictrackingandremindingthecustomersaboutrequiredmaintenanceofp
urchasedequipmentafteritspredefinedperiodofuse,theendingofwarrantyperiods,etc.

8. Betterbusinessopportunities
Due to the increased effectiveness, the company that uses IoT solutions is able to offer a
widerrange of services or products, or increase their quality in comparison with its
competitors, butat the same price. As an alternative, such a company may perform more
challenging tasks interms of production difficulty, time, or quantity. Altogether, the use of
smart solutions makesanenterprisemore competitive andattractive asa potentialbusinesspartner.

9. Moretrustworthy imageofthecompany
A company that employs high-tech solutions, and IoT in particular, generally makes a
positiveimpression on customers, investors, and other business partners who are aware of
numerousadvantages offered by the Internet of Things. Moreover, it is easier to attract highly-
soughtexperienced staff if a company provides a safe and secure working environment ensured
by anetworkofsmartdevices.

BENEFITS
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2. Applications

1. SmartHomes
One of the best and the most practical applications of IoT, smart homes really take
both,convenience and home security, to the next level. Though there are different levels at
whichIoT is applied for smart homes, the best is the one that blends intelligent utility systems
andentertainmenttogether.

2. SmartCity
Not just internet access to people in a city but to the devices in it as well – that’s what
smartcities are supposed to be made of. And we can proudly say that we’re going towards
realizingthis dream. Efforts are being made to incorporate connected technology into
infrastructuralrequirements and some vital concerns like Traffic Management, Waste
Management, WaterDistribution, Electricity Management, and more. All these work towards
eliminating someday-to-daychallengesfacedbypeople andbringinaddedconvenience.

3. Self-drivenCars
We’ve seen a lot about self-driven cars. Googletried it out, Tesla tested it, and even Ubercame
up with a version of self-driven cars that it later shelved. Since it’s human lives on theroads
that we’re dealing with, we need to ensure the technology has all that it takes to
ensurebettersafetyforthepassengerandthoseontheroads.

4. IoTRetailShops
If you haven’t already seen the video of Amazon Go – the concept store from the
eCommercegiant, you should check it out right away. Perhaps this is the best use of the
technology inbridging the gap between an online store and a retail store. The retail store
allows you to gocashless by deducting money from your Amazon wallet. It also adds items to
your cart in real-time whenyoupickproducts fromtheshelves.

5. Farming
Farming is one sector that will benefit the most from the Internet of Things. With so
manydevelopments happening on tools farmers can use for agriculture, the future is sure
promising.Toolsarebeingdeveloped
forDripIrrigation,understandingcroppatterns,WaterDistribution,

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drones for Farm Surveillance, and more. These will allow farmers to come up with a
moreproductiveyieldandtake careofthe concernsbetter.

6. Wearables
Wearables remain a hot topic in the market, even today. These devices serve a wide range
ofpurposesrangingfrommedical,wellnesstofitness.Of all
theIoTstartups,Jawbone,awearablesmaker,is secondtonone intermsoffunding.

7. SmartGrids
One of the many useful IoT examples, a smart grid, is a holistic solution that applies
anextensive range of Information Technology resources that enable existing and new gridlines
toreduce electricity waste and cost. A future smart grid improves the efficiency, reliability,
andeconomicsofelectricity.

8. IndustrialInternet
The Industrial Internet of Things consists of interconnected sensors, instruments, and
otherdevicesconnectedwithcomputers’industrialapplicationslikemanufacturing,energymanage
ment, etc. While still being unpopular in comparison to IoT wearables and other uses,market
researches like Gartner, Cisco, etc., believe the industrial internet to have the
highestoverallpotential.

9. Telehealth
Telehealth, or Telemedicine, hasn’t completely flourished yet. Nonetheless, it has great
futurepotential.IoTExamplesofTelemedicineincludethedigitalcommunicationofMedicalImagin
g, RemoteMedicalDiagnosis&Evaluations, VideoConsultationswithSpecialists,etc.

10. SmartSupply-chainManagement
Supply-chains have stuck around in the market for a while now. A common example can
beSolutions for tracking goods while they are on the road. Backed with IoT technology, they
aresure tostayinthemarketforthelongrun.

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 3. Future
As you know, IoT is evolving and is being experimented with and used in tons of
differentways than you can ever imagine. Some IoT examples can be Smart Breweries, Smart
CoffeeMachines,SmartParking Facilities,SmartSupply-chain Mechanisms,andmore.

Let us have a quick glance at what the statistics say about the scope of the Internet of
Things.AsperFortuneBusinessInsights,theglobalInternetofThingsmarketwasvaluedatUS$250.7
2 billion in 2019 and is anticipated to reach US$1,463.19 billion by 2027, expandingat a
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 24.9 percent in the forecast period. Well,
thatprettymuchspeaksforitself.

FUTURE

4. Disadvantages
1. Hackers may gain access to the system and steal personal information. Since we
add somanydevicestotheinternet,thereisarisk thatourinformationasitcanbemisused.
2. Theyrelyheavilyontheinternetand areunableto functioneffectivelywithoutit.
3. Withcomplexityofsystems,therearemanywaysforthemtofail.
4. Welosecontrolofourlives—ourliveswillbefullycontrolledandreliantontechnology.
5. OveruseoftheInternetandtechnologymakespeopleunintelligentbecausetheyrelyonsmartd
evicesinstead ofdoing physicalwork,causing themtobecomelazy.

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 6. Unskilledworkersareatahighriskoflosingtheirjobs,whichcouldleadtounemployment.Sma
rtsurveillancecameras,robots,smartironingsystems,smartwashing machines, and other
facilities are replacing security guards, maids, ironmen,anddry-cleaningservices etc.
7. Itisvery difficulttoplan,build,manage,andenable a broad technologytoIoTframework.

5. Conclusion
As you can see, IoT is rightfully regarded as one of the most promising digital
technologiesthatwill definitely become more widespread and useful in the nearest future. Even
at thecurrentstate,thecapabilitiesofIoTsolutionsareimpressive,andtheiradvantagesaretempting.
However,itis important to realize that the integration of IoT in an enterpriserequires a lot of
efforts and skills in order to achieve those benefits without suffering from
itsdrawbacks.That’swhythemostreasonablecourseofactionistousetheservicesofresponsibleande
xperienced professionalsin ordertogetaneffectiveIoTsolution.

6. References

1. https://light-it.net
2. https://en.wikipedia.org
3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org
4. https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com
5. www.oracle.com

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