Quantum Mechanics - Last 5 Years Slet / Net Question Bank: Institute For TRB, Slet and Net in Physics
Quantum Mechanics - Last 5 Years Slet / Net Question Bank: Institute For TRB, Slet and Net in Physics
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number, and the corresponding wave functions are given by nlm , where l is the orbital
angular momentum quantum number and m is the magnetic quantum number. The spin
of the electron is not considered. Which of the following is a correct statement?
(a) There are exactly 2l 1 different wave functions nlm , for each Enlm .
(b) There are l l 1 different wave functions nlm , for each Enlm .
(c) Enlm does not depend on l and m for the Coulomb potential.
Ans: (c)
Q3. The Hamiltonian of an electron in a constant magnetic field B is given by H B .
where is a positive constant and 1 , 2 , 3 denotes the Pauli matrices. Let
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Ans: (b)
Solution: H B where 1 , 2 , 3 are pauli spin matrices and B are constant magnetic
field. 1iˆ, 2 ˆj , 3 kˆ , B Bx iˆ By ˆj Bz kˆ and Hamiltonion H B in matrices
form is given by
Bz Bx iBy
H .
Bx iBy Bz
Eigenvalue of given matrices are given by B and B . H matrices are not diagonals
so e i H t / is equivalent to
iBt
1 e 0
S i Bt
0
e
where S is unitary matrices
1 1
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and
S 1 S
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
.
1 i Bt 1 1
iBt 2
e 0
2 e 0
2 2
S 1 i Bt
S i Bt
, where B / .
0 1 1 1 1
e 0 e
2 2 2 2
cos t i sin t
eiHt / , which is equivalent to I cos t i x sin t can be written
i sin t cos t
i B i B
as I cos t sin t , where x
B B
Q4. If the perturbation H ax , where a is a constant, is added to the infinite square well
potential
0 for 0 x
V x
otherwise.
The correction to the ground state energy, to first order in a , is
a a a
(a) (b) a (c) (d)
2 4 2
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Ans: (a)
a2 x a 2 x
Solution: E H ' 0 dx
1 *
0 x sin
2
dx 0 sin .
0
0 0
2
Q5. A particle in one dimension moves under the influence of a potential V x ax 6 , whe
a is a real constant. For large n the quantized energy level En depends on n as:
2m 2m
According to W.K.B approximation pdx nh
2m E ax
1/ 2
6
dx n
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1
1/ 6
E
2 2 6 1/ 6
p p x 6
E ax 6 1 x at p x 0 .
x x
E / a E /
2m 2mE E / a a
Area of Ellipse = (semi major axis semiminor axis)
2mE
1
E
3
6
2mE n E n 2 .
a
1
Q6. (A) In a system consisting of two spin particles labeled 1 and 2, let S 1 1 a
2 2
S 2 2 denote the corresponding spin operators. Here x , y , z a
2
x , y , z are the three Pauli matrices.
In the standard basis the matrices for the operators S x1S y2 and S y1S x2 are respectively,
2 1 0 2 1 0 2 i 0 2 i 0
(a) , (b) ,
4 0 1 4 0 1 4 0 i 4 0 i
0 1 0 0 0 i 0 0
0 0 0 i 2 0 0 0 i
2 0 0 i 0 , 0 0 i 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 i 0 0 0
(c) 0 4 0 0 0
(d) ,
4 0 i 0 i 4 0 0 0 i 4 0 0 0 1
i 0 0 0 i
0 0 0
0
0 i 0 0
0 1 0
Ans: (c)
0 0 0 i
2 0 1 0 i 2 0 0 i 0
Solution: Sx1Sy2
4 1 0 i 0 4 0 i 0 0
i
0
0 0
0 0 0 i
i 0
2
0 1 0
2
0 i 0
S y1 S x 2 i
4 0 1 0 4 0 i 0 0
i 0 0 0
(B) These two operators satisfy the relation
(a) S x1S y2 , S y1S x2 S z1S z2
(b) S x1S y2 , S y1S x2 0
(c) S S , S S iS S
x
1
y
2
y
1
x
2
z
1
z
2
(d) S S , S S 0
x
1
y
2
y
1
x
2
Ans: (d)
Solution: We have matrix Sx1Sy2 and Sy1Sx2 from question 6(A) so commutation is given by
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S S , S S 0 .
x
1
y
2
y
1
x
2
Q7. The energy of the first excited quantum state of a particle in the two-dimensional
potential V x, y
1
2
m 2 x 2 4 y 2 is
3 5
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d)
2 2
Ans: (d)
1 1
Solution: V x, y m 2 x 2 4 y 2 m 2 x 2 m 4 2 y 2 , E n x n y 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
1 3
For ground state energy n x 0, n y 0 E 2
2 2 2
3 5
First exited state energy n x 1, n y 0
2 2
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Q8. Consider a particle in a one dimensional potential that satisfies V x V x . Let 0
and 1 denote the ground and the first excited states, respectively, and let
(a) 02 0 x 0 12 1 x 1 (b) 0 1 0 x 1 1 x 0
(c) 02 12 (d) 2 0 1
Ans: (b)
Solution: Since V x V x so potential is symmetric.
0 x 0 0 , 1 x 1 0
x 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 01 0 x 1 1 x 0
Q9. The perturbation H ' bx 4 , where b is a constant, is added to the one dimensional
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harmonic oscillator potential V x
[Hint: The normalized ground state wave function of the one dimensional harmonic
m
1/ 4
is 0 e m x
2
/ 2
oscillator potential . You may use the following
1
1
n
integral x e 2n ax 2
dx a 2
n ].
2
Solution: H ' bx 4 , V x
1
m 2 x 2 .
2
m x 2
m
1/ 4
Correction in ground state is given by E 0 H ' 0 1
where 0 e 2
.
0
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1 1
mx 2
m 2
m 2 2 2 mx
2
E bx 0 dx b x e dx b x e
1 * 4 4
dx
0 0
n 1/ 2 1
e dx n 2
2 n x 2
It is given in the equation x
m
Thus n 2 and
1 1 1
2
m 2 2 2 mx m 2 m
1
2 2
E 01 b x e dx b 2
2
1 5
m 2 m 2 5 3 b 2
E b1
.
2 4 m 2 2
0
Q10. Let 0 and 1 denote the normalized eigenstates corresponding to the ground and first
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state
1
2
(a) p m / 2
0 1 , is
(b) p m / 2
p i
m
2
a† a 0 , p 2
m † 2
2
a a 2 2 N 1
m †2 m m 1
p2 a a2 2N 1 2N 1 2 1 m
2 2 2 2
p p2 p m
2
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0 is
2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2E 2 E1 E 2 E1 E 2 E1 E 2 E1
Ans: (b)
1
iE1t iE2t
Solution: 0
1
2
u1 u2 t u1 e
2
u2 e
iE1t iE2t
1 1
t is orthogonal to 0 0 t 0 e
e
0
2 2
iE1t iE2t iE1t iE2t E2 E1
i
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e e 0e e e 1
cos
E2 E1 t cos t
E2 E1
Q12. A constant perturbation as shown in the figure below acts on a particle of mass m
confined in an infinite potential well between 0 and L .
V0 V0
2
0 L/2 L
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V0 2 2 x x
2 L
2
Solution: E 1 V p 1
1
1 sin dx V0 sin 2 dx
0
2 L L L L L
2
V 1 2x 2V 1 2x
2 L
E 0 1 cos
1
dx 0 1 cos dx
L 0 2 L L L 2 L
1
Q13. The component along an arbitrary direction n̂ , with direction cosines n x , n y , n z , of the
1
spin of a spin particle is measured. The result is
2
(c) n x n y n z
(a) 0 (b) n z (d)
2 2 2
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Ans: (d)
Solution: S x
0
2 1
1 0
, S y
0 2 i
i
0
1
, S z
2 0
0
1
n n x ˆi n y ˆj n z kˆ and n x2 n y2 n z2 1 , S S x iˆ S y ˆj S z kˆ
i
0 0 0
2 +n 2
n S nx 2 n
y
i z
0 0
2 2 2
n
z2
n x in y
nS 2
n x in y
nz
2 2
Let is eigen value of n S
nz
n x in y
2 2
0
n x in y
n z
2 2
n 2 2 2 2
n n
2
z z n 2x n 2y 0 z 2 n x n y2 0 .
2 2 4 4 4
2 2
4
n x n y2 n z2 2 0 .
2
Q14. A particle of mass m is in a cubic box of size a . The potential inside the box
0 x a,0 y a,0 z a is zero and infinite outside. If the particle is in an
14 2 2
eigenstate of energy E , its wavefunction is
2ma 2
2 14 2 2
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2
Solution: E nx ,n y ,nz n x2 n y2 n z2
2ma 2 2ma 2
n x2 n y2 n z2 14 n x 1, n y 2, n z 3 .
Q15. Let nlml denote the eigenfunctions of a Hamiltonian for a spherically symmetric
only of
(a) H , L2 and Lz (b) H and Lz (c) H and L2 (d) L2 and Lz
Ans: (c)
Solution: H En
Q16.
The commutator x 2 , p 2 is
(a) 2ixp (b) 2i ( xp px ) (c) 2ipx (d) 2i ( xp px )
Ans: (b)
Solution: x 2 , p 2 x x, p 2 x, p 2 x xp x, p x x, p p p x, p x x, p px
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d
m
2 2 0
4
V R 3
3
2mV0 R 3
2
d 3
2
d 2 2m 2V0 R
2 2
3
2mV0 R 3 d 1
Now V r 2V0 for r R 4 4
d 3 2
3
2
d
Q18. A variational calculation is done with the normalized trial wavefunction
Solution: x
15
5
a 2
x2 , V x 0 , x a and V x , x a
4a 2
15 2
a
2 d 2 15 2 15 2
a
a 4a5/ 2
E a x 2
2 5/ 2
a x 2 dx a 2 x 2 2dx
2m dx 4a
5
16a 2m a
a
15 2 2 15 2 4a 3 5 2
E
16a 5 2m a
a 2
x 2
dx
16a 5 m 3
4ma 2
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Solution: For bound state, V0 E 0
Wave function in region I, I 0 , II A sin kx B cos kx , III ce x
2mV0 E 2m E V0 o
where k , . l
2 2
Use Boundary condition at x 0 and x l
(wave function is continuous and differential at x 0 and x l ), one will get
k cot kl kl cot kl l cot where l , kl .
2mV0l 2
2 2
2
1/ 2 o 3
2mV0l 2 2 2
For one bound state V0 . 2
2
8ml 2
2
2
Q20. Which of the following is a self-adjoint operator in the spherical polar coordinate
system r , , ?
i i
(a) (b) i (c) (d) i sin
sin 2 sin
Ans: (c)
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i
Solution: is Hermitian.
sin
Q21. Let v, p and E denote the speed, the magnitude of the momentum, and the energy of a
free particle of rest mass m. Then
Ans: (c)
mv m2v 2 p2v2
Solution: p mv p m v p 2 , m rest mass energy
2 2 2 2
v2 v2 c
1 2 1 2
c c
p2 p2 pc
v 2 m2 2 p 2 v 2 2 2 v
c m c p2 p m2c 2
2
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Q22.
c2
The wave function of a state of the Hydrogen atom is given by,
200 2 211 3 210 2 211
where nlm is the normalized eigen function of the state with quantum numbers n, l , m in
15 11 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 6 8 8
Ans: (d)
1 2 3 2
Solution: Firstly normalize , 200 211 210 211
16 16 16 16
P0
1 9 10
.
16 16 16
4 2
Probability of getting 1 i.e. P and P .
16 16
Lz
0 1 1
10 4 2 4 2 2
Now, Lz
16 16 16 16 16 16 8
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1 a2 1
(c) En n (d) En n
2 m 2 2
Ans: (a)
p x2 1
Solution: Hamiltonian H of Harmonic oscillator, H m 2 x 2
2m 2
1
Eigenvalue of this, E n n
2
p x2 1 p2 1 2ax a2 a2
But here, H m 2 x 2 ax H x m 2 x 2
2m 2 2m 2 m 2 m 2 4 2m 2
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p2 1
2m 2
H x m 2 x
a
m 2
a2
2m 2
1
Energy eigenvalue, E n n
2
a2
2 2m 2
Q24. If a particle is represented by the normalized wave function
15 a 2 x 2
, for a x a
x 4a 5 / 2
0
, otherwise
a
15 a 2 x 2 i
p 4a 5/ 2
4a
15 2
5 / 2 xa x 2 dx
a
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a
i a 2 x 2 2 x dx ih 2 155
a
a
15
2
x x3 dx 0 , ( odd function)
16 a
5
a 16a a
2 2
aa x x 2 a x dx
a
15
p 2
2 2 2 2
16a 5
a
2 x3
a
215
2 a 2
x 2
dx 2
15
2 a x
16a 5 a 16a 5 3 a
15 3 2a 3 2 15 2 3 1 15 2 2 5 2
2 2a 5 2a 1
2
16a 5 3 16 a 3 4a 2 3 2a 2
5 2 5
Now, p p2 p 0
2
2a 2 2a
Q25. Given the usual canonical commutation relations, the commutator A, B of
A i xp y yp x and B yp z zp y is
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Ans: (c)
Solution: A, B ixp y iyp x , yp z zp y
A, B ixp y , yp z i yp x , yp z ixp y , zp y iyp x , zp y
A, B ixp y , yp z 0 0 iyp x , zp y ixp y , yp z iyp x , zp y
A, B ix p y , yp z ix, yp z p y iy p x , zp y iy, zp y p x
A, B ix p y , yp z 0 0 iy, zp y p x
ix p y , yp z i y, zp y p x
A, B ix i pz izi px xpz zpx
A, B xp z p x z
Q26. Consider a system of three spins S1, S2 and S3 each of which can take values +1 and -1.
The energy of the system is given by E J S1 S 2 S 2 S 3 S 3 S1 where J is a positive
constant. The minimum energy and the corresponding number of spin configuration are,
respectively,
(a) J and 1 (b) 3 J and 1 (c) 3 J and 2 (d) 6 J and 2
Ans: (c)
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Solution: If we take S1 S2 S3 1 i.e.
S1 S2 S3
Again S1 S2 S3 1 , then
Energy E 3J
So, minimum energy is 3J and there are two spin configuration.
If we take
S1 S2 S3
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(a) 0 x sec hx
(c) 0 x sec h 2 x
(b) 0 x sec hx
(d) 0 x sec h 3 x
Ans: (c)
Solution: Given that ground state energy E0 4 , first excited state energy E1 1 and 0 , 1
are corresponding wave functions.
1
Solving Schrödinger equation (use m and 1 )
2
2 2 0 2 0
V 0 E0 0 V 0 4 0 ……(1)
2m x 2 x 2
2 2 1 2 1
V 1 E1 1 V 1 1 1 ……..(2)
2m x 2 x 2
Put 1 0 sinh x in equation (2) one will get
2
20 .sinh x 2 0 cosh x 0 sinh x V 0 sinh x 0 sinh x
x x
2 0
2 2 0 coth x 0 V 0 0
x x
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2 0 0 2 0
V 0 2 coth x using relation V 0 4 0
2 0 0 2
x x x
0 d 0
4 0 2 coth x 0 0 2 tanh xdx 0 sec h 2 x .
x 0
Q28. In a basis in which the z - component S z of the spin is diagonal, an electron is in a spin
1 i / 6
state . The probabilities that a measurement of S z will yield the values
2 / 3
/ 2 and / 2 are, respectively,
(a) 1/ 2 and 1/ 2 (b) 2 / 3 and 1/ 3 (c) 1/ 4 and 3 / 4 (d) 1/ 3 and 2 / 3
Ans: (d)
1 0
Solution: Eigen state of S z is 1 and 2 corresponds to Eigen value and
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respectively.
P
2
1
2
0
1 i
6
2
2 1
6 3
1
, P
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
b1 0 b2 1
where 0 and 1 denote the ground and first excited states respectively, and b1 and b2
are real constants. The expectation value of the displacement x in the state will be a
minimum when
1 1
(a) b2 0, b1 1 (b) b2 b1 (c) b2 b1 (d) b2 b1
2 2
Ans: (d)
Solution: x b12 0 x 0 b22 1 x 1 2b1b2 0 x 1
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x min
2
2
2
b1 b2 b12 b22 0 x 1 b1 b2 1 0 x 1 1 b1 b2 0 x 1 will
so b1 b2
Q30. The un-normalized wavefunction of a particle in a spherically symmetric potential is
given by
r zf r
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Q31.
L2 l l 1 2 11 1 2 2 2
If nlm denotes the eigenfunciton of the Hamiltonian with a potential V V r then the
1
3 211 210 15 211
5
is
(a) 39 2 / 25 (b) 13 2 / 25 (c) 2 2 (d) 26 2 / 25
Ans: (d)
Solution: L2x L2y L2 L2z L2x L2y L2 L2z L2 L2z
9 1 15
L2 L2z = 2 2 1 2 0 2 1 2
25 25 25
24 2 50 24 2 26 2
L2 L2z 2 2
25 25 25
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2 n x x n y y
Its normalized Eigenfunctions are nx ,ny x, y sin sin ,
a a a
where nx , n y 1, 2, 3, ..
a a
V 0 x , 0 y
If a perturbation H ' 0 2 2 is applied, then the correction to the
0 otherwise
V0 V0 64
(a)
4
(b)
4 1 9 2
V0 16 V0 32
(c)
4 1 9 2 (d)
4 1 9 2
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Ans: (b)
Solution: For first excited state, which is doubly degenerate
1 sin
2 x
sin
2 y 2 2 x y
, 2 sin sin
a a a a a a
2 a/2 2 a/2 2 y 1 1 V
H11 1 H 1 V0
a 0
sin dx sin 2
a a 0 a
dy V0 0
2 2 4
2 a/2 x 2 x 2 a / 2 2 y y
H12 1 H 2
a 0
V0
sin
a
sin
a
dx sin
a 0 a
sin
a
dy
4 4 16 16 V
H 12 V0 V0 , H 21 2 H 1 V0 2 and H 22 2 H 2 0 .
3 3 9 9
2
4
V0 16V0
2 2
Thus 4 9 2 0 V0 16V0 0
16V0 V0
4 9
2
9 2 4
V 16V0 V 64
0 0 1 2
4 9 2
4 9
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Q33. The bound on the ground state energy of the Hamiltonian with an attractive delta-
function potential, namely
2 d 2
H a x
2m dx 2
using the variational principle with the trial wavefunction x A exp bx 2 is
Note : e t dt a 1
t a
0
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.
min
2
Q34. If the operators A and B satisfy he commutation relation A, B I , where I is the
identity operator, then
(a) e A , B e A
(b) e A , B e B , A
(c) e , B e
A B
,A (d) e , B I
A
Ans: (a)
A A2
Solution: A, B I and e A 1 .......
1 2
A2 , B A3 , B
A A2
e , B 1
A
......., B = 1, B A, B ....
1 2 2 3
A A, B A, B A A A2 , B A2 , B A
e , B 0 I
A
2!
3!
....
e A , B 1 A
A2
2!
.... e A where A, B I , A 2 , B 2 A and A3 , B 3 A 2 .
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Q35. Two identical bosons of mass m are placed in a one-dimensional potential
V x
1
m 2 x 2 . The bosons interact via a weak potential,
2
V12 V0 exp m x1 x 2 / 4
2
where x1 and x 2 denote coordinates of the particles. Given that the ground state
1
m x 2
m 4
wavefunction of the harmonic oscillator is 0 x e
2
. The ground state
energy of the two-boson system, to the first order in V0 , is
V0
(a) 2V0 (b)
1
2
(c) V0 1 1
2
0
Ans: (c)
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Solution: There are two bosons trapped in harmonic oscillator.
1
m x12 m x22
m 2
is very tedious task.
But calculating V1,2 on state 0 x 2
e 2
e
So lets use a trick i.e perturbation is nothing but approximation used in Taylor series. So
just expand V1,2 V0 exp m x1 x2 / 4 and take average value of first term
2
m x1 x2 2
V1,2 V0 exp m x1 x2 / 4 V0 1
...
2
4
V0 1
m x12 x22 2 x1.x2
...
4
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m x12 x22 2 x1 . x2 m 0
V1,2 V0 1 ... Vo 1 2m 2m ...
4 4
1 1
2 2
V12 Vo (1 ) V0 1 , so E V0 1 .
4 2 2
1 1 1 i
Q36. A spin - particle is in the state in the eigenbasis of S 2 and S z . If we
2 11 3
h h
measure S z , the probabilities of getting and , respectively are
2 2
1 1 2 9 1 3
(a) and (b) and (c) 0 and 1 (d) and
2 2 11 11 11 11
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Ans: (b)
Solution: P
2
1
11
1 i 1
10 2
3 11
2
2
11
1
2
1 1 i 9
P
2
01
11 3 11
i.e. probability of S z getting and
2 2
1 2 1 2 2 2 2
V x m 2 x 2 x m x 2 x
2 m 2 2 m 2 m 2 4 m 2 4
2
2
V x m 2 x
1
2 m 2 2m 2
1 2 3 1
En n E1 E0
2 2m 2
2 2
Q38. Let nlm denote the eigenfunctions of a Hamiltonian for a spherically symmetric
1
6
200 5 210 10 211 20 211 is
5 5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
18 6 18
Ans: (d)
1 5 10 20 10 5
Solution: Lz L z = 0 0 (1) (1) 1
36 36 36 36 36 18
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Q39.
If x A exp x 4 is the eigenfunction of a one dimensional Hamiltonian with eigen
value E 0 , the potential V x (in units where 2m 1 ) is
2
x 2
4
4
Ae x VAe x 0 e x 4 x 3 Ve x 0
x
4
4
4
4 3x 2 e x x 3 4 x 3 e x
4
Ve x4
0 12 x 2 e x 16 x 6 e x Ve x 0
4 4 4
V 16 x 6 12 x 2
Q40. A particle is in the ground state of an infinite square well potential is given by,
0 for a x a
V x
otherwise
a a
The probability to find the particle in the interval between and is
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2
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Ans: (b)
a a
Solution: The probability to find the particle in the interval between and is
2 2
x x x 1 1 2x
a/2 a/2 a/2
2 2 1
cos cos dx cos 2 dx 1 cos dx
a / 2
2a 2a 2a 2a a / 2
a 2 a a 2 a / 2 2 a
x
a/2
1 1 a a a 1 2a 1 1
1 1
a
x sin a
2a a a / 2 2a 2 2 2a 2
Q41. The expectation value of the x - component of the orbital angular momentum L x in the
state
1
5
3 2,1, 1 5 2,1,0 11 2,1, 1
(where nlm are the eigenfunctions in usual notation), is
(a)
10
25
11 3 (b) 0 (c)
10
25
11 3 (d) 2
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Ans: (a)
L L L L
Lx Lx
2 2
1
L 3 2 210 5 2 211
5
1 1 1
L .3 10 110 10(3 11)
25 25 25
1
L 2 5 211 2 11 210
5
1 1
L .3 10 10 11
25 25
L L 1
Lx = 10(3 11)
2 25
Lx
1
25
.3 10
1
25
10 11 =
10
25
11 3
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are respectively the eigenvalues of L2 and Lz , then the expectation value L2x of the
2 2 2
Ans: (d)
Solution: L2x
1
2
l l 1 2 m 2 2
For max value m 0 and for min m l
l 2 l l 1 2
L2x
2 2
A, B, C are Non zero Hermitian operator.
A, B C AB BA AB Ab 0 C
but C0
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if AB BA i.e. A, B C false (2)
2 x1 x 2 x x
(d) sin cos sin 2 cos 2
a a a a a
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Ans: (a)
Solution: Fermions have antisymmetric wave function
2 x1 2 x2 2 x1 x2
x1 x2 sin sin sin sin
a a a a a
5 2 2
En nx1 1, nx2 2
2ma 2
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Ans: (a)
Solution: V x, y
1
2
5
m 2 4 x 2 y 2 , E
2
1 1
V x, y m 2 x 2 m 2 y 2
2
2
1 1 1 1
Now, E n n x x n y y n x 2 n y
2 2 2 2
3
En 2 n x n y
2
5
En when n x 0 and n y 1 .
2
Q45. A particle of mass m in three dimensions is in the potential
0, ra
V r
, ra
Its ground state energy is
2 2 2 2 3 2 2 9 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2ma 2 ma 2 2ma 2 2ma 2
Ans: (a)
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2 d u r l l 1
2
Solution: 2
2
V r u r Eu r
2 m dr 2 mr
d 2u r 2mE
K 2u r K , l 0, V r 0
dr 2
2
u r A sin Kr B cos Kr
22
u r A sin Kr , r a, u r 0 sin Ka 0 Ka n E n 1
2ma 2
1
Q46. Given that pˆ r i , the uncertainty p r in the ground state
r r
1
0 r e r / a0 of the hydrogen atom is
a 3
0
2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
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Ans: (a)
a0
1
Solution: pˆ r i , 0 r
1
a0
e r / a0 , Pr
2a 0
Pr2 Pr
2
a0
r r a0
3
1 r / a
1 e 0
Now Pr e r / a 0 i 4 r dr
2
0 a 03 r r a 03
4 i r / a0 r / a0 1 1 r / a0 2
r dr
a 03 0
e e
e
a0 r
4 i 1
2 r / a0 2
3
e r dr re 2 r / a0 dr
a 0 a 0 0 0
4 i 1 2! 1!
a03 a0 2 / a0 3 2 / a0 2
4 i a02 a02
0
a03 4 4
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1
2 2 2 r / a0
P 2
3 e r / a0
2 e 4 r dr
2
a 0 0 r r r
r
4 2 r / a0 r / a0 1 2 1 r / a0 2
a03 0
e e a 2 r a e r dr
0 0
4 2 1 2 2 r / a0
2
4 2 1 2 ! 2 1 !
a03 0 a02 a0 0
2 r / a0
r e dr re dr 2
a0 2 / a0 a0 2 / a0
3 2
a03
4 2 2 ! a03 2 a02 4 2 a0 a0 4 2 a0 2
4
a03 a02 8 a0 4 a03 2 a03 4 a02
2
P Pr2 Pr 0
2
2
a0 a0
Q47. The ground state eigenfunction for the potential V x x where x is the delta
function, is given by x Ae
x
, where A and 0 are constants. If a perturbation
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H bx 2 is applied, the first order correction to the energy of the ground state will be
(a)
b
2 2
(b)
b
2
(c)
2b
2
(d)
b
2 2
Ans: (d)
Solution: V x x , x Ae
x
1 x e x
E 1 H 1 e x bx 2 e x dx
1
1
0
e bx dx b e x dx b x e dx x e dx b 2 x e dx
2 x 2 2 x 2 2 2 x 2 2 x 2 2x
0 0
2! 2! b
2 x
e bx 2
dx 2b 3
2 b 3
2 8 2 2
APEX CARE
INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q48. An electron is in the ground state of a hydrogen atom. The probability that it is within the
Bohr radius is approximately equal to
(a) 0.60 (b) 0.90 (c) 0.16 (d) 0.32
Ans: (d)
2
4
a0 a0
1
4 r dr 3 r e
r / a0 2 2 2 r / a0
Solution: Probability: e dr
0 a 3
0
a0 0
4 2 2 r / a0 a0 2 r / a0 a0 a0 a0
a0 a0 a0
2 r / a0 a0 a0
a03
r e
2
0
2 r e
2 2
0
2 e
2 2 2
0
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Q49. A particle in the infinite square well potential
0 ,
V x
0 xa
, otherwise
is prepared in a state with the wavefunction
3x
A sin
x , 0 x a
a
0
, otherwise
The expectation value of the energy of the particle is
5 2 2 9 2 2 9 2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2ma 2 2ma 2 10ma 2 2ma 2
Ans: (c)
3x
0, 0 xa A sin , 0 xa
Solution: V x x a
, otherwise 0 , otherwise
x x 3 x
x A sin 3
a
3
A sin
4 a
1
A sin
4 a
sin 3 A 3sin A 4sin A 3
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A a 2 x a 2 3 x A a a
3sin sin x 3 1 x 3 x
4 2 a a 2 a a 4 2 2
a 2 a 2 10a 2 32
1 9 A A 1 A 1 A
32 32 32 10a
1 a 32 a 32 3 1
x 3. 1 x 3 x 1 x 3 x
4 2 10a 2 10a 10 10
22 9 2 2
Now, E1 2
, E3 E an P an
2ma 2ma 2
2 2
1 9 2 1
Probability P E1 , P E3
10 10
9 2 2 1 9 2 2 9 2 2
E E
10 2ma 2 10 2ma 2 10ma 2
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Q50. Suppose Hamiltonian of a conservative system in classical mechanics is H xp , where
is a constant and x and p are the position and momentum respectively. The
corresponding Hamiltonian in quantum mechanics, in the coordinate representation, is
1 1
(a) i x (b) i x
x 2 x 2
i
(c) ix (d) x
x 2 x
Ans: (b)
Solution: Classically H xp , quantum mechanically H must be Hermitian,
So, H xp px and H xp px
2 2
i x
H x i i x x
2 x x 2 x x
i 1
H 2x i x
2 x x 2
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q51. Let 1 and 2 denote the normalized eigenstates of a particle with energy eigenvalues
E1 and E2 respectively, with E 2 E1 . At time t 0 the particle is prepared in a state
t 0
1 2
1
2
The shortest time T at which t T will be orthogonal to t 0 is
2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
E 2 E1 E 2 E1 2E 2 E1 4E 2 E1
Ans: (b)
1 iE1T 1 iE2T
1 2
1
Solution: t 0 and t T e 1 e 2
2 2 2
1 iE1 T 1 iE2 T iE
1T
iE
2T i E2 E1
T
0 T dx 0 e e 0 e e e 1
*
2 2
T
Equate real part cos E2 E1 1 T cos 1 1
E2 E1 E2 E1
Q52. Consider the normalized wavefunction
a1 11 a 2 10 a3 11
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where lm is a simultaneous normalized eigenfunction of the angular momentum
1 1 1 1
(a) a1 a3 , a2 (b) a1 a3 , a2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
(c) a1 a3 , a 2 (d) a1 a 2 a3
2 2 3
Ans: (b)
L L
Solution: Lx
2
For L , L a1 11 a2 10 a3 11 a1 0 12 a2 2 11 a3 2 10
a2 2 11 a3 2 10
L L
Given
2
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L L 1
a2 2 11 a1 a3 2 10 a2 2 11
2 2
L L
a1 11 a2 10 a3 11 (Given)
2
a2
Thus a1 a2 2a1
2
a1 a3 a1 a3 a22
a2 2a1 a1 a3 a12 a22 1
2 2 2
1 1
a1 a3 , a2
2 2
Q53. Let x and p denote, respectively, the coordinate and momentum operators satisfying the
canonical commutation relation x, p i in natural units 1 . Then the commutator
x, pe is
p
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Ans: (a)
Solution: x, p i
p 2 p3
x, pe p x, p e p p x, e p ie p p x,1 p ....
2 3
p2 2ip 3ip 2
ie p p x,1 x, p x, .... ie p p 0 i ......
2 2 3
p 3
x, pe p ie p i p p 2 ..... ie p ipe p i 1 p e p
2
Q54. Let 1 , 2 , 3 , where 1 , 2 , 3 are the Pauli matrices. If a and b are two
arbitrary constant vectors in three dimensions, the commutator a , b is equal to (in
the following I is the identity matrix)
(a) a b 1 2 3
(b) 2i a b
(c) a b I
(d) a b I
Ans: (b)
Solution: a a1iˆ a2 ˆj a3 kˆ , b b1iˆ b2 ˆj b3 kˆ , x iˆ y ˆj z kˆ
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a1b1 0 a1b2 2i z 2ia1b3 y a2b1 2i z 0 a2b3 2i x a3b1 2i y a3b2 2i x 0
a , b 2i a b
Q55. The ground state energy of the attractive delta function potential
V x b x ,
where b 0 , is calculated with the variational trial function
x
A cos , for a x a,
x 2a is
0, otherwise,
mb 2 2mb 2 mb 2 mb 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
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Ans: (b)
2 2
Solution: V x b x ;
2 2
b 0 and
2 2 2
x A cos
x
; a x a
4 2 2
2a
2 x
Normalized cos
2a
a 2 2 22
T * 2 dx
a
2m x 8ma 2
2 b
V * b x dx b
a
a 2a a
2 2 b E 2 2 2 b 2 2 2 2
E 0 b 0 a
8ma 2 a a 8ma 3 a2 4ma 4mb
b 4mb b 4mb
2
22
2 2
2mb 2
Put the value of a in equation: E
8ma 2 a 8m 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q56. Let c0 0 c1 1 (where c0 and c1 are constants with c02 c12 1 ) be a linea
combination of the wavefunctions of the ground and first excited states of the one-
dimensional harmonic oscillator. For what value of c0 is the expectation value x a
maximum?
1 1
(a) x , c0 (b) x , c0
m 2 2m 2
1 1
(c) x , c0 (d) x , c0
2m 2 m 2
Ans: (c)
Solution: c0 0 c1 1
X X
X 2c0 c1 0 X 1 c02 c12 c0 c1 0 X 1 1 c0 c1 0 X 1
2
2
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For max
X 2
X c0 c1
1 1
0 X 1 0 X 1
c02 c12 1 c0
1
2
2 2
2m
0 aa 1
X
2m
Q57. Consider a particle of mass m in the potential V x a x , a 0 . The energy eigen-
APEX CARE
INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
2 1
According to W.K.B.,
1
pdq n where a1 and a2 are positive mid point
2
P2
E a x P 2m E a x
2m E / E /
1
2m E a x dx n
E/ a
E/ a
2
1
2m E ax dx 2m E ax dx n
0 E/a
E / a 0
2
1
2m E ax dx n
E/a
2
0
2
2m E ax t , At x 0, t 2mE; x E / a, t 0
2madx dt
2 mE
2 mE 1 2 1
2ma t dt n 2ma t 3/ 2
1/ 2
n
0
2 3
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0
4 1 4 1
n ma 2mE n
2 mE
3/ 2
ma t 3/2
3 0
2 3 2
2/3
4 1 3a 1
23/ 2 am5 / 2 E 3/ 2 n E n
3 2 4 2m 2
Q58. The Hamiltonian H 0 for a three-state quantum system is given by the matrix
1 0 0 0 1 0
H 0 0 2 0 . When perturbed by H 1 0 1 where 1 , the resulting shift
0 0 2 0 1 0
in the energy eigenvalue E 0 2 is
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2 0 0 1
0 2 in H 0 is not 0 1 0 in H because H is not in block diagonal form. So we
0 0 0
After diagonalisation H 0 0 2 0 , 0 is correction for Eigenvalue at H 0 .
0 0 2
Q59. The ratio of the energy of the first excited state E1 , to that of the ground state E0 , to that
L
of a particle in a three-dimensional rectangular box of side L, L and , is
2
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Ans.
(a) 3 : 2
(a)
Solution: E
22
2mL2
n 2
x n 2
y 4
(b) 2 :1
n 2
z , for ground state n x
(c) 4 :1
1, n y 1, n z 1 E0
(d) 4 : 3
6 2 2
2mL2
22 9 2 2
For first excited state nx 1, n y 2, nz 1 E E1 1 4 4
2mL2 2mL2
E1 9 3
E0 6 2
Q60. If Li are the components of the angular momentum operator L , then the operator
i 1,2,3 L, Li equals
(a) L (b) 2L (c) 3L (d) L
Ans. (b)
Solution: Let L Lx iˆ Ly ˆj Lz kˆ
x 1, y 2, z 3
L, Lx Ly , Lx j Lz , Lx kˆ iLz ˆj Ly kˆ i
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Ans.
(c) e
(c)
iap
p
ipx
Solution: p x e
dx
T x x a
ipx ipx ipa ip x a
T p T x e
dx x a e
dx e
x a e
dx
ipa
T p e p
1 1 1
(c) 4 N a 2 b 2 (d) 4 N a 2 b 2
2 3 3
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Ans. (d)
d
Solution: a 2 b 2 cos 2
d
2 2
2 b2
a 2 sin d d b 2 cos 2 sin d d a 2 .4 b 2 .2 4 a 2
0 0 0 0
3 3
b2
Number of particle scattered per unit time, .N 4 N a 2
3
1
Q63. A particle of mass m is in a potential V m 2 x 2 , where is a constant. Let
2
m ipˆ daˆ
aˆ xˆ . In the Heisenberg picture is given by
2 m dt
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aˆ
m
2
2
xˆ
ipˆ
m
daˆ 1 a a
a, H , 0
dt i t t
daˆ 1 m p 2 im 2 1 m 2 p i
x, pˆ , x 2 i 2 x i
dt i 2 2m 2m i 2 2m 2
m p m ip
i x i x i aˆ
2 m 2 m
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2 q
charge q in a electromagnetic potential , A is E q c p A m 2 c 4 .
2
Therefore, the Dirac Hamiltonian for an electron in an electromagnetic field is
c
2
e e
(a) c . p A. A mc 2 e (b) c . p A mc 2 e
c c
e e
(c) c . p e A mc 2 (d) c . p A mc 2 e
c c
Ans. (d)
Solution: Electromagnetic interaction of Dirac particle
1
qA 2 2
H P c m c q
2 2 4
c
Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian
qA
i c P mc q
2
t c
put q e
e
H c . P A mc 2 e
c
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q66. A particle of energy E scatters off a repulsive spherical potential
V for r a
V r 0
0 for r a
where V0 and a are positive constants. In the low energy limit, the total scattering cross-
2
1 2m
section is 4 a tanh ka 1 , where k 2 2 V0 E 0 . In the limit V0
2
ka h
the ratio of to the classical scattering cross-section off a sphere of radius a is
1
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d)
2
Ans. (a)
2
1
Solution: 4 a tanh ka 1
2
ka
2
1
ka , tanh ka 1 4 a 1 2
ka
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and ka , lim H 4 a 2
ka
classically c a 2
H
4
c
Q67. A Hermitian operator O has two normalized eigenstates 1 and 2 with eigenvalues 1
and 2 , respectively. The two states u cos 1 sin 2 and v cos 1 sin 2
are such that v O 7 / 4 and u v 0 . Which of the following are possible values of
and ?
(a) and (b) and
6 3 6 3
(c) and (d) and
4 4 3 6
Ans.: (a)
Solution: u cos 1 sin 2 , v cos 1 sin 2
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7
it is given Oˆ 1 1 , Oˆ 2 2 2 v Oˆ v
4
7 7
cos 2 2sin 2 cos 2 sin 2 1 sin 2 1
4 4
3
sin
2 3
u v 0 cos cos sin sin 0 cos 0
5
or or or
2 2 2 3 3 2 6 6
x
Q68. The ground state energy of a particle of mass m in the potential V x V0 cosh ,
L
2
where L and V0 are constants (with V0 ) is approximately
2mL2
2V0 V0
(a) V0 (b) V0
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(c) V0
L m
V0
4L m
(d) V0
L m
V0
2L m
Ans.: (d)
x V
Solution:
V0 cosh 0 e x / L e x / L
L 2
V0 x 1 x V0 x 1 x
2 2
1 .... 1 ....
2 L 2! L 2 L 2! L
2
V V V x 1 V
0 0 0 V0 02 x 2
2 2 2 L 2 L
V0 V0
K ,
L2 mL2
So, ground state energy is
V0 V0
V0 V0 2
V0
2 2 mL 2L m
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q69. Let nlm denote the eigenstates of a hydrogen atom in the usual notation. The state
1
2 200 3 211 7 210 5 211
5
is an eigenstate of
(a) L2 , but not of the Hamiltonian or Lz (b) the Hamiltonian, but not of L2 or Lz
(c) the Hamiltonian, L2 and Lz (d) L2 and Lz , but not of the Hamiltonian
Ans.: (b)
1
Solution: 2 200 3 211 7 2 10 5 2 1 1
5
13.6
H
4
So is eigen state of H
But L2 and Lz
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Q70.
So is not eigen state of L2 and Lz
and z are Pauli spin matrices and E0 and are constants. The eigenvalues of this
Hamiltonian are
(a) 0 2
1
(c) E0 (doubly degenerate) (d) E0 1 2
2
Ans.: (a)
1 0 0 1 1
Solution: H E0 z x E0 H E0
0 1 1 0 1
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
rogen atom is subjected to the perturbation
2r
V pert r cos
a0
where a0 is the Bohr radius. The change in the ground state energy to first order in
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 2 4
Ans.: (d)
Solution: For First order perturbation
r
1 2r
E11 100 V p 100 , 100 e a , V p cos
a03 a0
2 r 2 r
1 2r 4 2r
E 3 e a0 cos 4 r 2 dr 3 e a0 cos r 2 dr
1
1
0
a0 a0 a0 0 a0
ia2 r i 2 r
2 a0 1i 2
2 r 2 r 2 r 1 i
4 e e 0
0 a
2
3 e
a03 0
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a0 a0 2
r dr e r dr e r dr
a0 0
2
2 2! 2! 1 1
a03 2
3
3
2 1 i 3 1 i 3
1 i 1 i
2
a0 0
a
1 1 1 1
2 3
3 1 i
3
4 2 4
i 3 i 3
1 i
3
2 2 e e 4
2 2
i 34 i 3
3
e e 4
2 cos 4
4 2 4 2
1
2 E11
4 2 2 4 4
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q72. The product of the uncertainties Lx Ly for a particle in the state a 1,1 b 1, 1
3 1
(c) a and b (d) a b
2 2
Ans.: (d)
Solution: a 1,1 b 1, 1 , L 2b 1, 0 , L2 2 2b 1,1
L 2a 1, 0 , L2 2 2 a 1, 1
L2 a 2 2 b 2 2 a b 2 2 2
2 2
2
L2z a b 2 2 2
Lx 0, Ly 0
a
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L2x
L2x
1 2
4
L
2 *
2
L2
2 L2
L
2
2
2
a b b* a a b
2
4
1 a*b b*a 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b
2
L2y
2 L2 L22 L2 L2
4
2
2
L2y
2
a b a*b b*a
2
2 2
a b b a
2 2
Lx Ly a b
2 2 2
* *
a b 1
2
2
2
Lx Ly 1 a*b b*a (i)
2
1 i 2
Now check option (a) a ib a ,b Lx Ly
2 2 2
2
Option (b) a 0, b 1 Lx Ly
2
3 1 2
Option (c) a ,b Lx Ly
2 2 4
1 1
Option (d) a b a ,b Lx Ly 0 option (d) is correct
2 2
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q73. The ground state energy of a particle in potential V x g x , estimated using the trail
wavefunction
c 2
x a5
a x2 , x a
0, x a
(where g and c are constants) is
1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3
15 2 g 2 5 2 g 2 3 2 g 2 7 2 g 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 m 6 m 4 m 8 m
Ans.: (a)
a
15
dx 1 c 16
*
Solution:
a
2 15 2 2
a
10 2
T
2m 16a 2 a
a 2
x 2
x 2
a x 2
dx T
4ma 2
15 2 g
a
V
16a 05 5
x a 2 x 2 dx V ga
16
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E T V
E
10 2 5 ga
4ma 2 16
(i)
1
dE 8 2 3
0 a3 a 2
da mg mg
put the value of a in equation (i)
1
15 2 g 2 3
E
16 m
APEX CARE
INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q74. The state of a particle of mass m in a one dimensional rigid box in the interval 0 to L is
2 3 2 x 4 4 x
given by the normalized wavefunction x sin sin . If its
L 5 L 5 L
energy is measured the possible outcomes and the average value of energy are,
respectively
h 2 2h 2 73 h 2 h2 h2 19 h 2
(a) , and (b) , and
2mL2 mL2 50 mL2 8mL2 2mL2 40 mL2
h 2 2h 2 19 h 2 h 2 2h 2 73 h 2
(c) , and (d) , and
2mL2 mL2 10 mL2 8mL2 mL2 200 mL2
Ans: (a)
2 3 2 x 4 4 x
Solution: x sin sin
L 5 L 5 L
n 2 2 2
Measurement E
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n 2 E2
h2
2mL2
Probability p E2
9
2mL2
and n 4 E4
and p E4
16
2h 2
mL2
25 25
Now, average value of energy is
9 h2 16 2h 2 73h 2
E an p an
25 2mL2 25 mL2 50mL2
Q75. If Lˆ x , Lˆ y , Lˆ z are the components of the angular momentum operator in three dimensions
(a) iLx Lˆ2z Lˆ2y (b) iLˆ z Lˆ y Lˆ x
(c) iL 2 Lˆ Lˆ
x
2
z
2
y (d) 0
Ans: (a)
Solution: Lx , Lx Ly Lz Lx Lx , Ly Lz Lx , Lx Ly Lz
Lx Lx , Ly Lz Lx Ly Lx , Lz 0 Lx iLz Lz Lx Ly iLy
iLx L2z iLx L2y iLx L2z L2y
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APEX CARE
INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q76. Suppose that the Coulomb potential of the hydrogen atom is changed by adding an
Ze 2 g
inverse-square term such that the total potential is V r 2 , where g is a
r r
constant. The energy eigenvalues Enlm in the modified potential
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Hamiltonian are 1 and 2 respectively. If at t 0 , the system is in a state
(a) 1 (b)
E sin 1
2
E2 cos 2
E12 E22
(c) eiE1t / sin eiE2t / cos (d) e iE1t / sin 2 eiE2t / cos 2
Ans: (a)
Solution: t 0 sin 1 cos 2
iE1t iE2t
t sin 1 e
cos 2 e
i E1 E2 t
t t sin 1 1 cos 2 2 2 Re e
2 2
sin cos 1 2
0
sin 2 cos 2 0 1 12
APEX CARE
INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
1
Q78. Consider a particle of mass m in a potential V x m 2 x 2 g cos kx . The change in
2
1
the ground state energy, compared to the simple harmonic potential m 2 x 2 , to first
2
order in g is
k 2 k 2
(a) g exp (b) g exp
2m 2m
2k 2 k 2
(c) g exp (d) g exp
m 4m
Ans: (d)
Solution: Ground state wavefunction
1
m x
m 4 2
2
0 x e
The perturbation term is H p g cos kx
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First order correction E01 0* x H P 0 x dx
1 1
g m 2 m x ikx
m x 2 m x
m 2 eikx e ikx
2 2
ge dx e .e dx e . e ikx dx
2 2
1 1
m x m x
g m 2 g m 2
2 2
ikx ikx
e dx e
dx
2
From 1st term, we have
m 2 2 ikx ik ik
1 2 2 1
m
2
ik
g m 2 x
2 m 2 m 2 m g m 2 x
k 2
e
2 m
e dx e 4 m
dx
2 2
1
m
2
ik
g k m 2
2
k 2
x
e
2 m
e 4 m dx e 4 m
2
1
m x
g m 2
2
ikx
e
Similarly, from term (ii), dx
2
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
1
m
2
ik
g 4kmh m 2
2
k 2
x
2 m
e e dx e 4 m
2
g k k
2 2 2
k
Hence, E e 4 m e 4 m ge 4 m
1
0
2
Q79. The energy levels for a particle of mass m in the potential V x x , determined in
1
b
2m E V x dx n
a 2
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Ans: (b)
4 m
Solution: V x x
2 4 2m
V x
2
x, x0
V x
x, x0
E E
b
1
2m E V x dx n
a 2 x
E
E E 1
From figure, a , b 2m E V x dx n
E 2
E E
1 1
0
2m E xdx E xdx n 2 2m E x dx n
E 0 2 0 2
dt
put E x t , dx
E
limit x 0 t E , x t 0
APEX CARE
INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
dt 1
0
2 2m t n
E 2
0
2 2m 2 32 1 2 2m 2 32 1
t n .E n h
3 E 2 3 2
2
1 3
3
3 1 3
E n 2
En n
2 4 2m 4 2m 2
Q80. A particle of mass m moves in one dimension under the influence of the potential
V x x , where is a positive constant. The uncertainty in the product
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 2
2 2
Ans: (c)
Solution: V x x
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For this potential wavefunction
e x ,
x
x0
x
x
e ,
0
2 2
2
0
d2 x d
2
x d
2
p 2 2 * 2
dx 2
e 2
ex
dx 2
e 2
e x dx
dx
dx 0
dx
2 3 2 3
0
e e
2 x 2 x
2 3
dx 2 3
dx 2 2 , which is not possible
0
2 2
2
d
dx 2 2 , p p2 p
2 2 2
so, we will use the formula p
dx
1
now, x.p .
2 2
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
2 4
Q81. The ground state energy of a particle of mass m in the potential V x x ,
6m
1
x 2
4
estimated using the normalized trial wavefunction x e 2
, is
1 3
dxx 2 e x dx x 4 e x
2 2
[use and ]
2 4 2
3 2 13 8 2 13 2 2 13 3 2 13
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2m 3m 3m 8m
Ans: (d)
1
x
4 2
2
Solution: E T V , for x e 2 , T
4m
1 1
2 4 x 2 2 3 2
2 2
V x e dx x 4 e x dx . 2
2 2
6m 6m
6m 4 8m 2
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E
2
dE 2 2 2
2
4m 8m 2
0
2
1
0
(i)
1
3
d 4m 8m 3 4m 3
Putting the value of in equation (i),
1
2 1
2 2 1
3 3 2 13
E 3
3
2
2 8m
8m 3
4m
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q82. Consider the two lowest normalized energy eigenfunctions 0 x and 1 x of a one
d 0
dimensional system. They satisfy 0 x 0* x and 1 x , where is a real
dx
constant. The expectation value of the momentum operator in the state 1 is
2
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d)
2
2
2
Ans. : (b)
d 0
Solution: 1 x
dx
d 0 d 2
px px dx 1 i 1 dx * i 20 dx
*
*
x
1
dx dx
d 0 d 2 0
i
2
dx
dx dx 2
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Integrate by parts
2 d d 0
I i 0
dx dx
d 2 0 d 0
dx 2 dx dx 0 i
2
d 0 d 2 0
dx dx 2 dx
d 0 d 2 0
I 0 i dx dx 2 dx
2
d 0
0 , 0 0, x
dx
I 0 I 2I 0 I 0 px 0
d
Q83. Consider the operator, a x acting on smooth function of x . Then commutator
dx
, cos x is
(a) sin x (b) cos x (c) cos x (d) 0
Ans. : (a)
d
Solution: a x
dx
a, cos x x d d
d
, cos x x, cos x , cos x 0 , cos x
dx dx dx
d d d
dx , cos x x dx cos x x cos x dx
d cos xd
cos x sin x sin x
dx dx
a, cos x x sin x
a, cos x sin x
Q84. Consider the operator p qA , where p is the momentum operator,
A Ax , Ay , Az is the vector potential and q denotes the electric charge. If
B Bx , By , Bz denotes the magnetic field, the z -component of the vector operator
is
(a) iqBz q Ax p y Ay px (b) iqBz q Ax p y Ay px
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(c) iqBz
Ans. : (d)
(d) iqBz
Solution: p qA
p qA p qA p p qp A qA p q 2 A A
p p 0
qp A q i A qiB
qA p q A i 0
q 2 A A 0
qiB
So, z component is given by qiBz
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q86. The dynamics of a free relativistic particle of mass m is governed by the Dirac
Hamiltonian H c . p mc 2 , where p is the momentum operator and x , y , z
and are four 4 4 Dirac matrices. The acceleration operator can be expressed as
2ic
(a) cp H (b) 2ic 2
ic 2ic
(c) H (d) cp H
Ans. : (a)
Solution: H c . p mc 2
If vx velocity of x direction
From the Ehrenfest theorem
dx 1 x 1
vx x, H x, c x px c y p y c z p z mc 2 0
dt i t i
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c
x, x px c x
i
Similarly, acceleration is given by
dvx 1 c
ax c x , H x , c x px c y p y c z pz mc 2
dt i i
Using relation i j j i 0 , i i 0 and i , p j 0
x , c x px 0
x , c y p y c x y y x p y y c x , p y c x y c x y p y 0 2c x y p y
x , c z pz c x z c z x pz z c x , pz c x z c x z pz 0 2c x z pz
x , mc 2 x x mc 2 2mc 2 x
c
ax 2c x y p y 2c x z p z 2 x mc 2
i
2 x c
ax c y p y c z pz mc 2 c x p x c x px
i
2 x c
ax c x p x c y p y c z pz mc 2 c x px
i
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
ax
2c
i
2ic
x .H c x x px c x x px x .H ,
2
x x
2ic
a ax iˆ a y ˆj az kˆ
cp .H
Q87. A particle of charge q in one dimension is in a simple harmonic potential with angular
2
t
frequency . It is subjected to a time- dependent electric field E t Ae
, where A
and are positive constants and 1 . If in the distant past t the particle was
in its ground state, the probability that it will be in the first excited state as t is
proportional to
1 1
2 2 1
2
(a) e (b) e 2 (c) 0 (d)
2
Ans. : (a)
2
t2
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i fi t
Solution: Transition probability is proportional to Pif e 2
e where
3 1
fi 2 2
2
t2
Pif exp it dt
2
1 2 2 2
i 2
2
t2
2 i
Now calculate exp 2 it dt exp 2 t it
2 2
2 2 1 it
2
exp exp 2
t dt
4 2
2
t2
Pif exp it dt
2
2
2 2 1 it
2
Pif exp exp 2 t dt
4 2
2 2
Pif exp
2
APEX CARE
INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Q88. A particle is scattered by a central potential V r V0 re r , where V0 and are positiv
constants. If the momentum transfer q is such that q q , the scattering cross-
dn
x e dx n
n ax
[You may use e ax dx ]
da
(a) q 8 (b) q 2 (c) q 2 (d) q 6
Ans. : (a)
Solution: The form factor is given for high energy as q
2 m 2m
f , rV r sin qr dr 2 r 2V0 e v sin qr dr
q 0
2
q 0
mV0 2 r iq
2 m 2 r e
iqr
e iqr
2 V0 r e dr 2 i r e dr r 2 e dr
r iq
q 0 2i q 0 0
mV0i
2
2
2
2 0
2mV i iq iq
3 3
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q iq 3 iq 3
q iq 3 iq 3
2mV0 i iq 3 iq 3 q
2
3 3 2 2
3 2iq 3 q 2
q 2 q2
3
3 2
2mV0i 6 2iq 2iq 3 2mV0 2q 6 q
2 2
q 2 q 2 3
q 2 q2 3
q3 6 2 1 1 2
2 2 3
q2 6
4 2 1
q q 2 q q q
q 2 1
6
q
f q 4 q 8
2 2
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Ans. : (a)
2 d x
2
Solution: A x a x E x
2m dx 2
Integrates both side within limit
a to a
a a a
2 d 2
dx A x a dx E x dx
2m a dx 2
a a
2 d II d I
A a 0
2m dx dx
d II d I 2mA
2 a
dx dx
d 2mA
so discontinues in at x a is 2 a .
dx
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Q90. If the root-mean-squared momentum of a particle in the ground state of a one-
dimensional simple harmonic potential is p0 , then its root-mean-squared momentum in
the first excited state is
(a) p0 2 (b) p0 3 (c) p0 2 / 3 (d) p0 3 / 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: P m Pˆ m
a a†
2i
m 2
P2
2
a a†2 2 N 1
m
P2
2
a 2 a †2 2 N 1
For any state n ,
a 2 0, a †2 0 and 2 N 1 2n 1
m
P 2 2n 1 and P 0
2
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
m
Prms P2 P Prms 2n 1
2
m
For ground stat n 0, Prms P0
2
m
So, for n 1, Prms 3
2
Prms 3P0
Q91. Consider a potential barrier A of height V0 and width b , and another potential barrier B
of height 2V0 and the same width b . The ratio TA / TB of tunnelling probabilities TA and
(a) exp 1.99 0.99 8 mV0b 2 / 2
(b) exp 1.98 0.98
8 mV0b 2 / 2
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(c) exp
Ans. : (a)
2.99 0.99
2 m V E
8 mV0b 2 / 2
V0
(d) exp
2.98 0.98 8 mV0b 2 / 2
Solution: T e , where E
100
For potential A, V 0
2m V0
V0
TA e 2 100
2 m 99
V0
2 m 0.99V0
TA e 2 100
e
V0
For Potential B, V 2V0 and E =
100
2m V0
2V0
TB e 2 100
2 m 199V0
2 m 1.99V0
TB e 2 100
e
0.99V0
TA e
TB e 1.99V0
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
TA
TB
e 1.99V0
e
0.99V 0
Q92. A constant perturbation H is applied to a system for time t (where H t )
leading to a transition from a state with energy Ei to another with energy E f . If the time
at ti 2ti ,
2
4 f v i fi ti
pif sin 2
h 2 2
2
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fi
at ti 2ti ,
2 2
4 f v i fi 2ti 4 f v i
p ff sin 2 sin fi ti
h 2 2fi 2 h 2 2fi
sin 2 fi ti
2fi ti2
pif sin fi ti
2
t 2 2
t1 0
fi i
p ff t t t
2
sin fi i
2
sin 2 fi i fi i
2 2 2
2fi ti2
2
4 2fi ti2
4
2fi ti2
pif (2)
4 pif (2) 4 pif (1)
pif (1)
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
a b
Q93. The two vectors and are orthonormal if
0 c
(a) a 1, b 1/ 2, c 1/ 2 (b) a 1, b 1, c 0
(c) a 1, b 0, c 1 (d) a 1, b 1/ 2, c 1/ 2
Ans. : (c)
a b
Solution: 1 , 2
0 c
1 1 1 a 1
2 2 1 b c 1
2 2
1 2 0 a 0 bc 0
a.b 0 c 0 a b 0
so b 0
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Q94.
c 1, c 1
2
a 1, b 0,
Consider the potential
c 1
V r i V0 a 3 r ri
3
where ri are the position vectors of the vertices of a cube of length a centered at the
2
origin and V0 is a constant. If V0 a 2 , the total scattering cross-section, in the low-
m
energy limit, is
2
mV0 a 2
2 16a 2 mV0 a 2
(a) 16a (b)
2
2 2
2
64a 2 mV0 a 2 64a 2 mV0 a 2
(c) (d)
2 2 2
Ans. : (c)
Solution: V r V0 a 3 3 r ri
i
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
V0 a 3 x xi y yi z zi
i
m
f 2
V r d 3 r
2
m 8
x xi y yi z zi dxdydz
3
V a
2 2
0
i 1
m
V a 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 0
8mV0 a 3 4mV0 a 3
2 2 2
16m 2V02 a 6
Differential scattering cross section D f
2
24
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16m 2V02 a 6
24
4
64a 2 mV0 a 2
64a 2 m 2V02 a 4
h4
2
2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: H ' bx 2 put x r sin cos
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
1* H 1r 2 sin dr d d
2r 2
b
3 r 2 e a0 r 2 dr sin 3 d cos 2 d ba02
a0 0 0 0
5 1 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
14 2 7
Ans. : (b)
A a 2 x 2 , a x a
Solution: x
0 , otherwise
For normalization
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*
A2
15
5
A
15
16a 16a 5
2 2 2 15
a a
T * dx 2 2 a 2 x 2 dx
5
2m a x 2
2m 16a 0
5 2
T
4ma 2
a a
2 x 2 a 2 x 2 dx.
1 1 15
V *V dx , where V x 5
2
m 2 x 2 m 2
a
2 2 16a 0
m 2 a 2
V
14
5 2 m 2 a 2
E T V
4ma 2 14
dE 5 2 2 m 2 a 35 2
0 0 a 4
.
da 4ma 3 7 2 m 2 2
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INSTITUTE FOR TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
1/ 2
35
a
2
.
2 m
5 2 m 2 m 2 35
E . .
4 m 35 14 2 m
5 2 1 35 5 5 5
2 2 35 7 2 2 14 14 14
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