v\rz\ r I Qy1

( .1 ) '1941
This question paper contains 4+2 printed pagesl

(c) Set up the Gauss-seidel iteration schenre to solvc the

Roll No,

system of equations : 2q
S. No. of Question Paper : 7941
( (
6xr -2x, +x, = ll
Unique Paper Code : 32357501 J

-2x1+7xr+2xt=5
Name of the Paper : Numerical Methods

\ + 2x2- sxt = -l
Name of th€ Course i B.Sc. (H) Mrthemrtics : DSE-I
Take the initial approiimation * /0) = (1, 0, 0) and do
Semester v
three iterations. 6.5

Duration : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75

4. (a) Construct the l,agrdnge form ofthe interpotating pol)'nomial

from the following data : 6 (Write your Roll No. on the top imn diaely on rcceiPl oJ lhit question paper')

x I 0 I All the six questions are compulsory.

( (
t$)={ e-l ,0 el Attempt any rwo parts from each question.

(b) Construct the divided difference table for the following Marks aie indicated against each {uestion.

data set and then write out the NeMon form of the
Use of Non-Programmable Scientific Calculator is allowed-
interpolating polynomial :

(a) Find a root of the equation .r sin(;r) + cos(.r) = 0 using

.x -l 0 I 2
Newton-Raphson Method for starting approximation

r 5 I II
ro=tr' 6.5

Hence, estimate the value of/(0.5). 6

P.T.O.
 (2) 7l (3 ) 7e4t

(6) A real root of the equation- .r3 - (c) Evaluate order of convergence of Ne\f,ton Method
5r + 1 = 0 lies in

numerically using /(x) ='f + Zx - I = 0 and initial

10, l[. Perform three iterations of Bisection Method to( (
I
.aPproxunation
ft = -.
obtain the root. 6.5
3. (a) Find an LU decomposition of the matrix

(c) Prove that fixed point method converges at a linear rate

2 7

6 20
using g(r) -P- 2* - 3 = 0 and starting approximation
4 3 T]
xo: 4' 6.5
and use it to solve the system AX = [0 4 l]T. 6.5

2. (a) Using Secant Method, find a real root of the equation (6) . Set up the Gauss-Jacobi iteration scheme to solve the

of
xd - | = 0 correct upto four decimal places. Given the, (
system equations :

root lies between 0 and l, perform three iterations. 6 4xr + x2+2\ =4

l 3x1+ 5x, + xt =7
(6) Consider the tunction g(x) =f *r-|. Analyically

\+12+3\=3
v€riry that this flmction has unique fixed point on the real

Take the initial approximation u. 1(0) = (0, 0, 0) and ito

line. Perform three iterations starting at r0 = 0 to locate
three iterations. 6.5

the fixed point. 6

P.T.O.

;
 (5) 7941

(c) Find the maximum value of the step size l, that can be

used in the tabulation of f(x) = d on the interval [0, l]

so that the error in the linear interpolation of/(.r) is less

than 5 , l0]. 6

i (a) Define the forward difference operator A, the central

difference operator 6 a.nd the averaging oPerator p.

Prove that :

(0 a=162+6 t+162
2 4

t +ln
2
(t + a)-i . 6.5

(6) Use the formula

-,.rxo) = f\xo)-Jgo-h)
J
-_T-
to approximate the derivative of f(x) = sinx at xo = t
taking l, = 1,0.1,0.01. What is the order of

approximation ? 6.5

P.T.O.
 (6) '1911

(c) Derive the following forward difference approximation

for the second derivatiye : 6.5

f(xo) - 2f(xo+h)+f(xo+2h)
f"(xi =
h2

6. (q) Define degree ofprecision ofa quadrature rule. Show that

the degree of precision of the Trapemidal rule is l. 6

(r) Approximate the value of the integat j--L. dx using

;t+x-
Simpson's l/3rd rule. 6

(c) Use Euler's method to approximate the solution of the

initial value problem.

x'= a3 -r, r(0) :1,0<r< I taking 4 steps. 6

71 6 1,900
 lolrtlt t Cpr)

6 Th,' qtdbt Nq ctntatns 6 prl cd ,!8r5.

6. (a) Using Trapezoidal rule approximate the value of Y@r nolt tlo. -.-..--.
the integral: I S. No. of Pqer :75i2 I
Il t^n-'' a' ' Uniqw Pqer Co& :32357501

Nane of the Paper : Numerhal Methods

Further veriff the theoretical error bound.
Name oflhe Course : B.Sc. (E) Mathematics : DSE-2

(b) Derive the closed Newton-Cotes rule (n = 3) for( (

Semeste/ :V
the computation ofthe definite integral: t
I
Dwation :3 hours

t rt*>a'' 1
Mcinum lvtsks :75

(Write your Roll No. on the top immediolely

(c) Apply Euler's method to approximate the solution
on receip, of this qtesrion paper)
,I
of the given initial value problem:
Attempl all questions, selecting tuto parts from each
1+ x2
,,=!?,(1 < r < +),x(t) = 0,N = 5. question. Use of non-programmable scienliJic
calculator is allowed.

Further it is given that the exact solution is:

l. (a) Given the following scheme for integration:
x(t) = tan (ln (t))'
Compute the absol3.rte error at each step' 12
t t f@)a, o L + V@) + 2I;T=l f@) + f(b)),
I
write an algorithm to obtain the approximate
value of the definite integral.

(b) Verify that the equation xs-zx- 1= 0 has a

root in the interval (0, l). Perform three iterations
(r I to approximate the zero of the equation by the
Secantmethodusingpo = 0 and P, - 1.
2m0 P. T. O:
 2
5
(c) Let / be a continuous function on the closed (ii) Define the backward difference operator and
interval la, bl and suppose that f (a)f (b) <0. the central operator. Prove that:

Prove that the bisection method. generates a 6 = V (1 -v)-1/2. D

sequence of approximations {p"} which
converges to a root p e (a, b) with the property
5. (a) Derive the formula:
((
b-a
lp"- pl < Zt f"(xr) =
(xo+h)-21(x )+/(ro-h)
( h2
Hence, find the rate of the convergence of the t the second-order central difference approximation
method. 13
to the second order derivative ofa function.

I ,l (b) Verifr that:

2. (a) Give the geometrical construction of, the method
of False Position to approximate the zero of a
function. Further, write the algorithm for the
f'(x) -
computation of the root approximated by this the difference approximation for the first order
method. derivative provides the exact value of the
(b) Perform three iterations for finding the root of derivative regardless of /r, for the functions
f(x) = l,f(x) = x and f(x) = xz,but not for
the function f (x)
f @) '!-3'
x
( I - x3 .
(c) Use the formula:
by Newton's method starting with ps = 0.01.
Further, compute the ratio
f'(x)*t9f+.2
lp'-pl/lpr-pl' to approximate the derivative of the function
and show that this value approaches lf"(qt)/ f (x) = ex at xo = 0, taking h = L,0.1, 0.01 and
Lf'(ill,with p = 7/37. 0.001. What is the order of approximation? 12
P. T. O.
 4
32 2
1
5-5 4

(ii) Determine the spectral radius of the matrix:

A- 21
15
13

4. (a) Let x,s,x1,xz,.... ,rn be n * 1 distinct points in

[a,b). lf f is continuous on [a,D] and has z
continuous derivatives on (a,b), then prove that
there exists q e @,b) such that:

f lxs,xr,x2, ...,*r1= f# .

(b) Experimentally determined values for the partial

pressurre of water vapor, p.,1, as a function of
distance y, from the surface of a pan of water
are given below. Estimate the partial pressure at
distance 2.1 mm from the surface of the water.

4 5
v(md- 0 1 2 3
0.029 0.a22 0.020
r, (atm) 0.10 0.065 0.042

(c) (i) Defrne an interpolating polynomial for a given

set of data (ru f @r)), i = 1,2, -.,n-
Constxuct the Lagrange polynomials passing
through the points (1, e), (2, e2) and (3, e3).
 !
(c) Let g be a continuous function on the closed
interval [a, 6] with g:[a,b)-+ [a,b). And
suppose that g'is continuous on the open interval
(a, b) with lS,@)l < /r < 1 for all x belongs
to
(a, b). lf S'(p)+ 0,then prove that for any
po e la,bl, the sequence pn = g(p'._t) conver_
ges only linearly to the fixed point p. 13

3.(a) Using LU decomposition, solve the system of

equations ,42 = D, where:

lo ,lol ,,0 , = -3
n =li
La 3 oJ -12
[ 6
(b) Use the SOR method with u = 0.9 to solve the
following system of equations:

l
-xr=-1
2x1

-xr*4x2*24-3
2x2*6xr=g
Use r(0) = 0 and perform three iterations.
(c) (i) Compute the iteration matrix Tss of the Gauss-
Seidel method for obtaining the approximate
solution of the system of equations Ax = b
where r{ is.given as: p. T. o
4469 8 [This question paper contains 8 printed pages.]

Your Roll No.....,..,...,..

1<t<2,x(1)=1 taking the step size as
*=r.i, Sr, No. of Question Paper: 4469 G
h : 0.5. (6 s)
Unique Paper Code 32357501

Name of the Paper DSE-I Numerical Analysis

(LOCF)

Namc of the Course B.Sc. (Hons.) Mathematics

S em e ster
Coile
u \a ir
Duration : 3 Hours mum Mar S

.L
I (*
Instructions for Candidates

Write your Roll No. on the top i elp t

of this question paper.

2. All six questions are compulsory.

3. Attempt any two parts from each question.

4 Use of non-programmable scientific calculator is

allowed.

(1000) P.T.O.
4469 ) 4469 7

(a) Discuss the order of convergence of the Newton (c) Approximate the derivative of f(x) = 1 + x + x3 at

Raphson method. (6) xo:0 using the first order forward difference

formula taking h : V., % and 1/8 and then

(b) Perform three iterations of the Bisection method
extrapolate from these values using Richardson
in the interval (1,2) to obtain root of the equation
extrapolation. (6)

x3-x-l:0. (6)

6. (a) Using the trapezoidal rule, approximate the value

(c) Perform three iterations of the Secant method to

obtain a root of the equation x2 - 7: O with initial of the integral J'm* a* . Verify that the theoretical
(
approximations xo: 2, x, : 3. (6) (6.5)
error bound holds.

2 (a) Perform three iterations of False Position method (b) Derive the Simpson's l/3'd rule to approximate

to find the root of the equation x3 - 2 : 0 in the the integral of a function. (6.s)

interval (1, 2). (6.5)

(c) Apply the modified Euler method to approximate

(b) Find a root of the equation x3 5x + 1 : 0 correct the solution of the initial value problem

up to three places of decimal by the Newton's

P,T.O.
4469 6 4469 3

Raphson method with xo = 0. In how many

x I 0 I 2 iterations does the solution converge? Also write

i(^) 3 1 -3 I
down the order of convergence of the method
(6)
u sed (6.5 )

5 (a) Derive second-order backward difference

(c) Explain the secant method to approximate a zero
approximation to the first derivative of a function
f given by of a function and construct an algorithm to

implement this method. (6.s )

, 3l-(xo)-al(x6 - h)+ f(xo -2h)

t\^u/=T (6)

3. (a) Find an LU decomposition of the matrix

(b) Use the formula

r'(xo
f (xo + h)- 2f x0 +f ^o h) z 7 sl
)=
20
I
h2 6 101

to approximate the second derivative of the

4 3 0l

function f(x) = e. at x,, = 0, taking h: l, 0.1, 0.01

and 0.001. What is the order of approximation. and use it to solve the system AX [0 4 1],.
(6) (6.5)

P.T.O.
4469 4 4469 5

(b) Set up the Gauss-Jacobi iteration scheme to solve 4 (a) Construct the Lagrange form of the interpolating

the system of equations :

polynomial from the following data :

5x,+xr+2xr=10 x 0 I J
r(*) I 3 55
-3x, f 9x, + 4xr: -14
(6)
xr t 2xz - 7xt: -33
(b) Construct the divided difference table for the
Take the initial approximation as X(0) = (0,0,0) and
following data set and then write out the Newton
do three iterations. (6.5 )
form of the interpolating polynomial.

(c) Set up the Gauss-Seidel iteration scheme to solve

the system of equations : x 0 I 2 )

v -1 0 l5 80

6xr-2xr+x,=11
Hence, estimate the value of f(1.5) (6)
-2x, * 7x., + 2x3: 5

xr*2xr-5xr:-1 (c) Obtain the piecewise linear interpolating

polynomials for the function f(x) defined by the
Take the initial approximation as 1{0) = (1,0,0)
data :

and do three iterations. (6.5)

P. T. O.
 r) I

u32 8 '[This question paper contains 8 printed pages.]

Your 'Roll No '........ '. '...
(c) Apply the optimal RK2 method to approximate the

* Sr. No. of Question Paper 1132 C

solution of the initial value problem =t+ i,
Unique Paper Code 32357501
lSt<2,x(1)=l taking the step size as h = 0.5.
(6 5) Name of the Paper DSE-I Numerical Analysis
(LOCF)

Name of the Course B.Sc. (Hons.) Mathematics

S emester

Duration: 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Instructions for Candidates

1. Write your Rol[ No. on the top immediately on receipt

of this question paper.

2. All six questions are compulsory.

3. Attempt any two parts from each question.

4. Use of non-programmable scientific calculator is

allowed.

(1s00) P.T.O
 tl32 2 tt32 7
I (a) Define fixed point of a function and construct an (c) Approximate the derivative of f(x) = Sin x at x,,
algorithm to implement the fixed point iteration : a using the second order central difference
scheme to find a fixed point of a function. Find formula taking h = %, y, and I /g and then
the fixed point offlx) : 2x(1 - x). (6) exlrapolate from these values using Richardson
extrapolation. (6)
(b) Perform four iterations of Newton's Raphson
method to find the positive square root of 1g. Take
initial approximation xo=4. (6)
6. (a) Using the Simpson,s rule, approximate the value

of the integra t [j nx ax.. Verify tha t the

(c) Find the root of the equation x3 - 2x - 6: 0 in the
theoretical error bound holds. (6. s)
interval (2, 3) by the method of false position.
Perform three iterations. (6)
(b) Apply Euler's method to approximate the solution

of initial value problem dx e'

2 (a) Define the order of convergence of an iterative d.t x ,0<t<2,,x(0)=
method for finding an approximation to the root of I andN=4.
C(n) = 0. Find the order of convergence of
Newton's iterative formula. (6.5)
Given that the exact solution is x(t; =
^/F-,,
compute the absolute error at each step. (6.5)
(b) Find a root of the equarion - g = 0 in the
x3 4x -
interval (2, 3) using the Bisection method rill fourth
iteration. (6 5)

P,T,o
tt32 tt32 3

5. (a) Find the highest tlegree of the polyhomial for which (c) Perform three iterations of segant method to

the second order backward difference determine the location of the approximate root of

approximation for the first derivative the equation x3 + x2 - 3x - 3 = 0 on the interval

(1, 2). Given the exact value of the root is

x = J1, compute the absolute error in the'

3f(xo ) -4f(xo-h)+ f(xo-2h) approximations just obtained. (6.5)
f' (xe) =
2h

3 (a) Using scaled partial pivoting during the factor step,

provides tho exact va lue of the derivative
find matrices L, U and P such that LU = PA
irrespective of h. (6)

1 1
(b) Derive second-order forward difference -
where A -i_ (6.s)
-1 0
!,)
approximation to the first derivative of a function 3 2
f given by

(b) Set up the SOR method with w=0.7 to solve the

-3f (ro )+4f{xo+h)- f(xo+zn) system of equations:
f'( x n)
2h
(6) 3xr-xr+xr=4

Zxr-6xr+3xr:-13
P.T.O.
 tt32 4 lt32 5
-9x, + 7y, - 20xr: 7

x 1 2 1 8

Take the initial approximation as 1{ot = (0,0,0)

and do three iterations. (6.5) f( x) 3 7 21 13

(c) Set up the Gauss-Jacobi iteration scheme to solve

the system of equations: (6)

(b) Calculate the Newton second order divided

10.x, * yr+ 4x, : 3l
difference 4 of based on the points x0, x, x,.
rr+10;rz-5xr=-23 (6)

3xr-2xr+lox:=38 (c) Obtain the Lagrange form of the interpolating

polynomial for the following data:
Take the initial approximation as 1to) = (1, l, 0)
and do three iterations. (6.5) .I I 2 5

f(x ) -11 -23 l (6)

4 (a) Obtain the piecewise linear interpolating
polynomials for the function f(x) defined by the
data:

P.T.O.
6207 I [This question paper contains 8 printed pages.]

Find y(0.5) and y(0.75) by using the modified Your Roll No........,......
Euler's method. Also find the absolute error at
Sr. No. of Question Paper 6207 E
each step given, that the exact solution of the
Unique Paper Code 32355402

IVP is Y=r/2s- -1 . (6.5) Name of the Paper GE-4: Numerical Methods

Name of the Course CBCS / LOCF (Other than

B.Sc. (H) Mathematics
Hons.)

Semester IV

Duration : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75

t

Instructions for Ca ndidates

Write your Roll No. on the top immediately on receipt

of this question paper.

2. Attempt any two parts from each question.

3. Use of scientific calculator is allowed.

(a) Round-off the number 34.64867 correct up to three

significant digits and then calculate absolute
percentage error. (6)

(1000) P.T.O,
6207 ) 6207 7
(b) Find the absolute, relative and percentage error if
the approximate value is 2.71 82 and the true value l
6. x
is 2.71828182. (6)
(a) Approximate the value of (tn 2)l from
I l+x3 dx

(c) Perform four iterations of the bisection method

I
to'find the approximate root of the equation using Trapezoidal rule and Simpson,s rule.
3

x5 +2x- I = 0 in interval (0,1). (6)

(6.s)

(b) Apply the Fleun method to approximate the solution

2 (a) By using the Regula-Falsi method find the
approximate root, correct up to two decimal places, of the initial value problem

of the equation x3 - 6x + 4 = 0 in the interval

(0,1). (6.5)
dy
* *)r', 0<x<1, v(0) = r,
dx |{,
(b) By performing three iterations of the secant
method find the approximate root of the equation
by using 5 steps. (6 5)
x3 - 5 sin x + I = 0 in the interval (0,1).
(6.s) (c) Given the initial value problem (IVp):

(c) Using the Newton-Raphson method find the

approximate value of the cube root of 25. perform
three iterations of the method by taking initial :i=;,v(o)=,
approximation xo = 2.8. (6.5)

P.T.O.
6207 6 6207 3

it 3 (a) Using Gauss elimination method solve the following

x 0 1 ) 3 4 system of linear equations : (6)

(6)
r(*) 8 4 6 20 lz
x+4y-z=-5

(b) For the function f(x) = 1n x, approximate f'(2) by x+y-62=-12

Richardson extrapolation using central difference
3x-y-z=4.
formula f '(x) If x+h -f x-h with h = 0.1 and
2h

h= 0.05 (6) t (b) Show that E - , = ;u' + 6p. (Note: Symbols

have their own meaning) (6)

(c) Use the formula

(c) Find the Lagrange interpolating polynomial which

fits into the given data and approximate the value
of f(s.s ).

to approximate the derivative of f(x) = sin *

"t
x, = r, taking h = l, 0.1, 0.01. (6) x 5 6 9
(6)
r (*) 12 13 t4

P.T.O.
6207 4
6207 5
4 (a) By using the initial solution (0,0,0), perform
three
iterations of the Causs Seidel method for
the (ir ye&B)
Age 45 50 55 60 65
following system of linear equations : (6.5) Premium (in 4.84 96.t6 83.32 74.48 6E.48
Rr.)

lOx+2y+z=9

2x+2gr-22=-44 Make the difference table. Obtain the forward

Gregory-Newton interpolating polynomial and
-2x+3y+l0z=22. estimate the premium for policy maturing at the

(b) Obtain the piecewise linear interpolating polynomial age of 46.

for the function f(x) defined by the given data and

I
by using it estimate rhe value of f(3). 5 (a) For the following data, find f,(2) and f,,(2)
by
using forward difference formulae

x I 2 4 8
r(*) (6.s)
f'(x,)' f
3 7 2t 73 x, +h -f x.
and
h

(c) Following table gives the amount of half yearly

premium for policies maturing at different
ages:
r'(x,
f(*, - 2f(x ,+h)+f( xr + 2h)
)=
(6.s) h:

P.T.O.
6613 8 [This question paper contains g printed pages.]
(c) Apply mid-point method (second order Runge-
Your Roll N o..,...,,.......
Kutta hethod) to solve the initial value problem Sr. No, of Question paper:
l 6613 E
using h=0.2 on the interval [0,0.4] I
: Unique Paper Code 32355402 0C

Name of the Paper GE-4 Numerical Methods

* = -r*r,, y(o) = 1. (6.s) t

Name of the Course CBCS ( Oth c
t .i ese
(E) M
I .t
I Semester IV

Duration:3
\t
$
, Hours mum Marks
t a
,l

I
Ins ctio for Candi d ates

I Write your Roll No. on the top immediately'bn receipt

of this question paper.
I
t

I ) All the six questions are compulsory,

J. Attempt any two parts from each question.

4. Use of non-programmable scientific calculator is

d
allowed.

(1 oo) I P.T.O.

I
 66L3 7
)
6613
(c) Use Euler's method to find y(0'4) from the
error with
1 (a) Define significance digits and truncation
following differential equation
examples. If an approximate value of n is given

then find
by 3.14285 and its true value is 3'14159
(6)
errors' (6) =:<r, Y(o) = 1, h = o'1'
the absolute antl relative fl
places by
(b) Find the root correct to three decimal formula to
the equation 6 (a) Apply Gaussian Quadrature three-point
using Newton-Raphson method for I
integral
approximate the value of the
:
]
f(x) = *: -'t* + 16x - 12 = 0 I

.t
with initial aPProximation xo : 1' (6) rI
.r dx (6.5)
I-
1= Jo
--;x"
1+

(c) Perform four iterations of bisection method to

I
problem
(b) Solve the followiog initial value
using
obtain the root of the equation : I

h = 0'1' x e [l'12]'
Modified Euler's methotl, with
f(x):4x2-3=0 I

I
(6) ComPare with the exact solution'
in the interval [0,1].
1

I (65)
to obtain * = ,.*v, v(o)= 1' h=o'1
2. (a) |erform three iterations of Secant method
the root of the equation :

P.T.0.
 6613 6 6613 3
5 (a) The following data represents the function
f(x) = gx
f(x)=cosx-xex=0

with initial approximation xo = -1 and x, : L

x 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1..2
(6.s)
r(*) 1.0000 1.8221 3.3201 6.0496 1r.0232
(b) Define rate of convergence. Determine the
rate

Find f'(1.2), f,,(1.2) using rhe Newton,s Backward of convergence of the secant method. (6.5)

difference method. Compute the magnitude of the

(c) Perform three iterations of Newton method to
l
error. (6) solve the system of equations

(b) Find the approximate value of the integral x2+xy+yz:7

t t
x3+ y: =,
t=J,67'
-16dx
o.i,c
with initial approximation xo = 1 .5 and yo = 0.5.
(6.s)
(i) Trapezoidal rule
3 (a) Solve the linear system Ax = b using Gauss
Elimination method with pivoting where (6)
(ii) Simpson,s j rde.

Also calculate the error in each case. (6) 1,,

A=13 2
1

I b=
Lzt 2 til
P.T.O.

I
 I

5
6613
6613 4

system Ax = b
I (b) Solve the-following tri-diagonal
x -1 I 4 7
method'
using the Gauss Thomas I .''
0 63 34t
-r(.)
(6.'
I{ence, interPolate at x= 5'
[zzool l- +-l
l, + + ol
'\;I
I

n=lo r , ,l' (6) (b) Prove the following :

[oozs1 110.1
(i) (1 +Axl -v) = 1

(6.5)
(ii) 6 = v(i-V)-'/2
(c) Perform three iterations of the Gauss-Jacobi j (
- (0'0'0) to solve the
(c) Generate the difference table
for the data
method starting with X0
(6)
following system ofequations:

4x+y+z=2 x -1 0 -Tlz_ 3

3 11 L)
r(*) 15 5 1

x+5y+22=-6
Obtain Gregory Newton forward
difference
x+2y+32=-4
hence interpolate the
interpolating polynomial and
(6
polynomial value of f(0.5).
4 (a) Find the Lagrange's interpoiating '
passing through the Points
P.T.0.