TSS DISTRICT COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT

KICUKIRO DISTRICT
SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024

SECTOR: ICT AND MULTIMEDIA

TRADE: NETWORK AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
RTQF LEVEL: FOUR
MODULE CODE AND TITLE: IOT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
MARKS……………/100Marks
DURATION: THREE HOURS

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:
This exam has three sections A, B and C.
Section A and B are compulsory.
Section A: Attempt all questions in this section 55Marks
Section B: Attempt all the three questions in this section 30 Marks
Section C: Choose only One question 15Marks
 SECTION A (at tempt all question)
1. What are the three system requirements in IoT?/ 3 marks
ANSWER: The three requirements of the Internet of Things are connectivity, sensors, and
intelligence. These enable IoT devices to be helpful and valuable but also bring specific
challenges and considerations to address.

2. List out the components of IoT? / 2.5 marks

ANSWER:

- Sensors
- Connectivity
- Data
- User interface
- Analytics
- Cloud
- Gateway
- Internet of things
- Security

3. What is the difference between analogue and digital sensor? /3 marks

ANSWER: Analog sensors create analog signals from the quantity that is sensed. In
comparison, digital sensors produce digital signals when performing a measurement.
4. What are the characteristics of IoT device?/ 3 marks
ANSWER: IoT has ten major features, and they are- scalability, connectivity, Architecture,
intelligence, security, Dynamic or Self-Adapting nature, management, integration, analyzing,
and compact nature of devices.

5. briefly describe the 3 classification of sensor with examples/ 3 marks

ANSWER: the sensor is characterized like this:
- active and passive sensor
- analogue and digital sensor
- contact and non-contact sensor
6. Describe at least 5 IOT Testing tools. / 3 marks
ANSWER: ANY FIVE :
A Here are IoT testing tools:
1. Mobot: Automated testing for IoT devices using real-life robots.
 2. Datadog: Real-Time Observability of Entire Infrastructure Stack Metrics in One Place.
3. Appknox: Platform focused entirely on Mobile Application Security
4. Bevywise IoT Simulator: Intelligent IoT simulation tool for testing and building
IoT/MQTT applications
5. AWS IoT Device Defender: Information Security For a Fleet of IoT devices
6. Wireshark: This is an open source application used to monitor traffic at the interface,
source/destination host addresses etc.
7. tcpdump: This does a similar job to that of Wireshark except, this does not have a GUI.
This is a command line based utility which helps the user in displaying the TCP/IP and other
packets that are transmitted or received over a network.
8. JTAG Dongle: This is similar to a debugger in PC applications. This helps in debugging
the target platform code and showing variable step by step.

7. Enumerate the characteristics of IoT device? / 3 marks

ANSWER: The key characteristics of IoT include connectivity, interoperability,
scalability, and real-time data processing.
8. Describe what is microcontroller? / 3 marks
ANSWER: A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a
specific operation in an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a
processor, memory and input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip.
9. List out the types of interface: / 3 marks
i) Based on design
ANSWER:
- graphic user interface
-voice-based interface
-gesture –based interface
-automatic interface

ii) Based on technology

ANSWER:
- Touch-based interface
- Wearable interface
- Brain computer interface
- Biometric interfaces

iii) Based on application

ANSWER:
-smart home interfaces
-industrial interface
-health care
-smart grid HMI
-oil and gas HMI

10. Enumerate the part of sensor/3 marks

ANSWER: a sensor node is composed of four basic components: sensing unit,
processing unit, transceiver unit and a power unit.
11. Indicate the application of IOT / 3 marks
ANSWER: A combination of sensors in different capacities throughout the city for
various tasks such as managing the traffic, handling waste management, optimizing
streetlights, saving water, monitoring energy expenditure, creating smart buildings,
and more
12. How Does the Internet of Things (IoT) Work? / 5 marks
ANSWER: An IoT system collects data from sensors installed in IoT devices and
transfers that data through an IoT gateway for it to be analyzed by an application or
back-end system.
13. what is the role does the network play in the Internet of Everything/ 3 marks
ANSWER: The connectivity, power, computing, manageability, and security of IoT
deployments are all reliant on the networks, making it a crucial component in the
realm of IoT. These technologies can connect different types of IoT devices enabling
a wide range of applications.
14. Differentiate active and passive sensor / 4 marks
ANSWER: Sensors can be classified into two main categories: active and
passive. Active sensors emit energy and measure the reflected or scattered signal,
while passive sensors detect the natural radiation or emission from the target or the
environment.
15. Enumerate the 7 layers of IoT? / 5 marks
ANSWER: The seven layers of IoT include the Physical Layer (devices), Link Layer
(communication), Network Layer (routing), Transport Layer (end-to-end
communication), Session Layer (connection management), Presentation Layer (data
format translation), and Application Layer (user-facing applications).
16. What Is the role of technical feasibility in System Feasibility of IOT? / 3 marks
ANSWER: Technical Feasibility study of a project analyzes and evaluates its present resources,
including equipment, programming, and necessary innovation.

17. List out 5 types of IOT system diagram/ 2.5 marks

 SECTION B (ANSWER ONLY THREE QUESTION)
18.) A) what is arduino sketch? / 5 marks
Answer: A sketch is the name that Arduino uses for a program. It's the unit of code that is
uploaded to and run on an Arduino board.
b) List and explain the part of arduino sketch?/ 5 marks
answer: Arduino sketches are divided into 4 important sections. By knowing these sections one
can get a better understanding of how sketches work. These sections are the comment section,
the variables section, the setup section and the loop section
19) Write arduino sketch to turn implement a traffic light /10 marks
Answer:
Int redpin = 10;
Int yellowpinpin = 11
Int greenpin = 12
Voidsetup()
{
PinMode( redpin, OUTPUT);
PinMode( yellowpin, OUTPUT);
PinMode( greenpin, OUTPUT);
}
Voidloop()
{
DigitalWrite( redpin, HIGH);
Delay( 10000);
DigitalWrite( redpin, LOW);
Delay( 5000);
DigitalWrite( yellowpin, HIGH);
Delay( 5000);
DigitalWrite(yellowpin, LOW);
Delay( 5000);
DigitalWrite( greenpin, HIGH);
Delay( 10000);
DigitalWrite( greenpin, LOW);
Delay( 5000);

20) Using block diagram draw and explain the internal structure of microcontroller/ 10 marks
ANSWER: The following image shows the Basic Structure of a Microcontroller

- CPU Central Processing Unit or CPU is the brain of the Microcontroller. It consists of an
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and a Control Unit (CU).
- Memory Any Computational System requires two types of Memory: Program Memory
and Data Memory. Program Memory, as the name suggests, contains the program i.e. the
instructions to be executed by the CPU. Data Memory on the other hand, is required to
store temporary data while executing the instructions
- I/O Ports The interface for the Microcontroller to the external world is provided by the
I/O Ports or Input/Output Ports. Inputs device like Switches, Keypads, etc. provide
information from the user to the CPU in the form of Binary Data.
- A System bus is a group of connecting wire that connect the CPU with other peripherals
like Memory, I/O Ports and other supporting connecting
 - They provide the operations of Time Delays and counting external events.
Additionally, Timers and Counters can provide Function Generation, Pulse Width
Modulation, Clock Control, etc.
- Serial Port Serial Port proves such interface through serial communication. Most
common serial communication implemented in Microcontrollers is UART
- Interrupts A very important feature of a Microcontroller is Interrupts and its Interrupt
Handling Mechanism. Interrupts can be external, internal, hardware related or software
related.
- ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Analog to Digital Converter or ADC is a circuit
that converts Analog signals to Digital Signals
- DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) it converts Digital Signals to Analog Signals. DAC
forms the bridge between the CPU of the Microcontroller and the external analog
devices.

21) Briefly explain the classification of microcontroller with examples/10 marks

- Microcontrollers Types According to the Number of BitsThe bits in the microcontroller are 8-
bits, 16-bits, and 32-bits microcontroller. In an 8-bit microcontroller, the point when the internal
bus is 8-bit then the ALU performs the arithmetic and logic operations.
- Classification According to Memory Devices
• Embedded memory microcontroller
Embedded memory microcontroller: When an embedded system has a microcontroller unit that
has all the functional blocks available on a chip is called an embedded microcontroller.
• External memory microcontroller
External Memory Microcontroller: When an embedded system has a microcontroller unit that
has not all the functional blocks available on a chip is called an external memory
microcontroller. For example, 8031 has no program memory on the chip is an external memory
microcontroller.
-classification based on memory architecture
* Harvard Architecture is a computer architecture that combines the storage and handling of
instructions and data, using one memory unit and bus, resulting in slower execution and lower
overall performance. It plays a minor role in the design of modern processors and
microcontrollers.
* Princeton Architecture: It has a single memory which has to be shared by data and
code(program). Processor requires two clock cycles,one for fetching the code and another for
fetching the data. Simpler Design
- classification based on instruction set
* Based on the instruction set configuration, the microcontroller is further divided into two
categories. CISC − CISC stands for complex instruction set computer. It allows the user to insert
a single instruction as an alternative to many simple instructions.
* RISC stand for reduced instruction set computer :
A Reduced Instruction Set Computer is a type of microprocessor architecture that utilizes a
small, highly-optimized set of instructions rather than the highly-specialized set of instructions
typically found in other architectures.
22) Differentiate the Functional requirements and Non-functional requirements/ 10 marks
Answer: A functional requirement defines a system or its component. A non-functional
requirement defines the quality attribute of a software system. It specifies “What should the
software system do?” It places constraints on “How should the software system fulfill the
functional requirements?”

SECTION C
23. the System Feasibility helps decision makers to determine the success or failure of a
proposed project or investment. It evaluates the predicted cost and benefits of the proposed
project, briefly describe the 5 types of system feasibility./15 marks
ANSWER:
❖ Technical feasibility
Technical Feasibility study of a project analyzes and evaluates its present resources, including
equipment, programming, and necessary innovation.
• Economic feasibility
The economic market feasibility study examines the project's expense and value. This implies
that a thorough analysis is done to determine the program's development costs, including the
cost of the design process and operating costs. After that, it is determined if the venture will be
profitable.
❖ Legal feasibility
The project is examined from a legal standpoint in examining Legal Feasibility. It evaluates
project implementation legal obstacles such as privacy laws or social networking regulations,
business certificates, licenses, trademarks, etc. Ultimately, it can be argued that a legal
feasibility study is an investigation to determine whether a project proposal complies with the
law and ethical guidelines.
❖ Operational feasibility
Operational Feasibility study examines how well a product will satisfy needs and how simply
it will be used and maintained after implementation.
❖ Schedule feasibility
A scheduling feasibility study's primary focus is the project proposal's schedules and due dates.
This assessment involves how long it will take team members to finish the project, which
significantly affects the company as the program's intended outcome may not be achieved if it
cannot be completed on time.

24. Write the name of the following parts of and provide the functions? / 15 marks

Arduino IDE

ANSWER:
answer:
a) open: The Open button is used to open the already created file. The selected file will be opened
in the current window.
b) save: The save button is used to save the current sketch or code.
c)verify: The Verify button is used to check the compilation error of the sketch or the written
code.
d)upload: The Upload button compiles and runs our code written on the screen. It further
uploads the code to the connected board. Before uploading the sketch, we need to make sure that
the correct board and ports are selected.
e) new: It is used to create a new sketch or opens a new window.
f) menu bar: When we click on the File button on the Menu bar, a drop-down list will appear
g) text bar: the area where we write the code that will control the whole circuit