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Chapter 2

This chapter discusses simple harmonic motion including examples like a simple pendulum, mass-spring system, and liquid column in a U-tube. It defines key characteristics of SHM including displacement as a cosine function, maximum velocity at x=0, maximum acceleration at x=±A. Example problems are solved for displacement, frequency, period, velocity, acceleration and phase angle at given times.

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May Fadl
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53 views18 pages

Chapter 2

This chapter discusses simple harmonic motion including examples like a simple pendulum, mass-spring system, and liquid column in a U-tube. It defines key characteristics of SHM including displacement as a cosine function, maximum velocity at x=0, maximum acceleration at x=±A. Example problems are solved for displacement, frequency, period, velocity, acceleration and phase angle at given times.

Uploaded by

May Fadl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

by
Mahmoud Ossaimee
Professor
Eng. Physics Dept.
[email protected]
Room 119
Course Contents
Chapter Course Content
1 Force, Work and Energy
2 Simple Harmonic Motion
3 Mass-Spring System
4 Damped Oscillation
5 Forced Vibration and Resonance
6 Superposition of Simple Harmonic Motions
7 Wave Motion
8 Mechanical and Sound Waves
9 Wave Reflection and Interference
10 Wave Diffraction
2
Chapter 2
Simple
Harmonic
Motion

3
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Examples
• Simple Pendulum

4
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Examples
• Mass-Spring System

5
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Examples
• Liquid Colum in U-tube

6
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
• Simple harmonic motion is the projection of uniform circular motion onto a
straight line

7
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

t
Light beam 𝜔
A
t=0
Q Ball on ∅ x
o
A rotating
While the ball Q turntable x(t)
moves on the Amplitude
turntable in
(max. displacement)
uniform circular
motion, the Initial
shadow P moves phase angle
back and forth on - O
P +
Screen
x(t ) = A cos(t +  )
the screen in A A
simple harmonic Shadow of Displacement phase
motion ball Q on the angle at
screen time t

8
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Relations

Displacement

x = A cos(t +  )

xmax =  A

A = Amplitude

9
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Relations

Velocity

v = x = − A sin(t +  ) v 2 = A2 2 sin 2 (t +  )


= A2 2 1 − cos 2 (t +  ) 
=   A2 − x 2 
=  2  A2 − A2 cos 2 (t +  ) 
vmax = A at x = 0 =  2  A2 − x 2 

➢Maximum velocity =  A and occurs at x = 0


x=-A x=0 x=A
v=0 vmax v=0

10
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Relations
Acceleration
a = x = − 2 A cos(t +  ) = − 2 x

amax =  2 A

➢Maximum acceleration = 2 A and occurs at x = A

x=-A x=0 x=A


amax a=0 amax

11
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Relations
Acceleration
a = x = − 2 A cos(t +  ) = − 2 x

amax =  2 A

x = − 2 x This is called “the differential equation of SHM”

If we analyze any system or write its equation of motion and we encounter such
relation that means the system executes SHM.
The term ω = ωo is called the natural angular frequency of the system.

12
Displacement

x=-A x=0 x=A Velocity


v=0 vmax v=0
amax a=0 amax

Acceleration

13
Solved
Examples

14
Example The displacement in a S.H.M. is given by: 𝑦 = 12 cos (6𝜋𝑡 +𝜋/4) 𝑚, where 𝑡 is in
seconds. Calculate:
a. Amplitude

Amplitude 𝐴 = 12 𝑚.

b. Frequency

c. Period

15
d. Speed at 𝑡 = 7⁄8 𝑠

e. Velocity at 𝑡 = 1.5 𝑠

16
f. Maximum acceleration

g. Phase angle at 𝑡 = 0.5 𝑠.

17
h. Shortest time interval between the occurrence of the two displacements +6 𝑚 and −6 𝑚

18

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