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Chapter 2 OS

The document discusses the key functions of an operating system including process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and security. It also outlines several essential operating system components like process management, main memory management, file management, I/O system management, and secondary storage management.

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22 views3 pages

Chapter 2 OS

The document discusses the key functions of an operating system including process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and security. It also outlines several essential operating system components like process management, main memory management, file management, I/O system management, and secondary storage management.

Uploaded by

shubhamaher9822
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2 :

Operating systems act like middlemen between you and your computer's hardware, providing
essential services. Here are some key ones:

Process Management: Handles running multiple programs at once, allocating resources like
CPU and memory, and ensuring smooth operation.

Memory Management: Keeps track of used and free memory, loads programs into memory,
and ensures efficient use of this vital resource.

File Management: Organizes and stores your files on storage devices like hard drives, allowing
you to create, delete, and access them easily.
Input/Output (I/O) Management: Controls communication with devices like keyboards,
printers, and network connections, translating your actions into instructions the hardware
understands.
Security: Protects your system from unauthorized access, malware, and other threats, ensuring
the confidentiality and integrity of your data.
System calls act as the bridge between programs and the operating system.expand_more Here
are the main types:
Process Control: Manage processes, like creating new ones, terminating them, and waiting for
them to finish.expand_more (e.g., fork, exit)
File Management: Let programs create, read, write, and delete files.expand_more (e.g., open,
read, write, close)
Device Management: Interact with hardware devices like printers, disks, and network
cards.expand_more (e.g., read from disk, write to printer)
Information Maintenance: Get information about the system, like the current time or available
memory.expand_more (e.g., get time, get memory usage)
Communication: Allow processes to send messages and share data with each
other.expand_more (e.g., send message, receive message)
Operating systems rely on several key components to manage your computer effectively.
Here's a brief overview of five essential ones:

Process Management:
 Oversees running programs, allocating resources like CPU time and memory.
 Ensures efficient execution and prevents conflicts between programs.
Main Memory Management:
 Tracks memory usage, loading and unloading programs as needed.
 Optimizes memory allocation to ensure smooth performance and prevent crashes.
File Management:
 Organizes and stores your files on storage devices like hard drives.
 Provides functions like creating, deleting, and accessing files efficiently.
I/O System Management:
 Handles communication with input/output (I/O) devices like keyboards, printers, and
network cards.
 Buffers data transfer and translates user actions into instructions for the hardware.
Secondary Storage Management:
 Manages long-term data storage on devices like hard drives and solid-state drives
(SSDs).
 Handles tasks like organizing files, allocating storage space, and ensuring data
integrity.
User Management:
 Creates, modifies, and deletes user accounts.
 Defines permissions and access controls for users and groups.
 Ensures system security and accountability.
Security Policy:
 Defines rules and guidelines for user behavior and system access.
 Configures security settings like passwords, encryption, and firewalls.
 Protects against unauthorized access, malware, and data breaches.
Device Management:
 Installs, configures, and updates device drivers.
 Monitors device status and performance.
 Allows adding, removing, and troubleshooting various hardware components.
Performance Monitor:
 Tracks system resource usage like CPU, memory, and disk activity.
 Identifies performance bottlenecks and resource overuse.
 Helps optimize system performance and troubleshoot issues.
Task Scheduler:
 Automates tasks to run at specific times or under certain conditions.
 Backups, software updates, and system maintenance can be scheduled.
 Improves efficiency and reduces manual work.

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