Smart Home Security using IoT

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this project to detect if someone is near the door. While it wouldn't
necessarily tell you if someone is trying to break in, it can alert you to presence near the
entryway. The sensor triggers when someone approaches the door, letting you know
about activity near the entrance. This can be useful for general awareness or when you're
expecting deliveries or guests. The sensor will be connected to a microcontroller board
like Arduino or Raspberry Pi. This board can process the sensor data and communicate
with the internet. The system can be programmed to trigger an alert when presence is
detected. This could involve Triggering a siren.

1.1 Problem Identification

• Detect movement by heat signature, but can be triggered by pets, wind, or

temperature changes.
• Limited range and may not pick up movement close to the door or at certain angles.
• Sensor sensitivity can lead to alerts for non-threatening activity.
• Environmental factors like wind or pets can trigger false positives.
• Additional sensors (cameras, pressure mats) or user authentication (keycards,
fingerprint scanners) might be needed.
• Battery life of the sensor could be a concern, requiring regular replacements.
• Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connectivity might have range limitations or be susceptible to
interference.
• Unsecured communication between sensor and hub/smartphone could be
vulnerable to hacking.
• Expanding the system with additional sensors or devices might require
compatibility checks.
• Depending on the chosen sensor technology and desired functionality, the project
cost could vary.
• Complexity might increase with additional features like user authentication or
video recording.
• Local regulations for using cameras or recording activity in the home.
• Ease of installation and configuration for non-technical users.
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• Carefully select sensors based on desired range, sensitivity, and ability to
differentiate between authorized and unauthorized presence.
• Implement mechanisms to minimize false alarms (adjustable sensitivity, filtering
techniques).
• Consider additional security measures for data transmission and user privacy.
• Explore integration options with existing smart home systems for a comprehensive
security solution.
• Test and refine the system in a controlled environment before full deployment.
• By addressing these potential problems, you can create a more robust, reliable, and
user-friendly project for smart home security.

1.2 Proposed System

The system likely employs a sensor. When someone approaches the door, the
sensor triggers a signal. This signal can be sent wirelessly to a microcontroller like an
Arduino or Raspberry Pi. The microcontroller can then be programmed to trigger actions
like sending an alert notification or activating a siren to deter potential intruders. The
project offers a convenient and affordable way to improve your home security awareness.
The project's focus is on presence detection, offering a basic layer of security awareness
for your smart home.

1.3 Advantages of Proposed System

• The door sensor can trigger instant notifications whenever someone approaches the
door. This allows you to be aware of activity around your entrance even when
you're away from home.
• Can monitor the door sensor and receive alerts from anywhere with an internet
connection
• The components needed for project are readily available and affordable

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CHAPTER 2

IMPLEMENTATION

2.1 COMPONENTS:

1. Arduino UNO

Arduino refers to an open-source electronic platform or board and the software

used to program it. Arduino is designed to make electronics more accessible to artists,
designers, hobbyists and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or
environments.

Fig 2.1: Arduino UNO R3 with Part Labels

The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial

Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal
computers. The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features
from the programming languages C and C++.

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2.Buzzer

Buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers
include alarm devices, timers. Working Principle of Magnetic Buzzers.

Fig 2.2: Buzzer

The vibrating disk in a magnetic buzzer is attracted to the pole by the magnetic
field. When an oscillating signal is moved through the coil, it produces a fluctuating
magnetic field which vibrates the disk at a frequency equal to that of the drive signal.
3.PIR Sensor

A PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor is a device that detects the presence of people,
animals, or objects by sensing changes in infrared radiation. These sensors are commonly
used in security systems, home automation, and other applications that require motion
detection.
The PIR sensor in the code you provided is used to detect motion and trigger an
LED and a serial print statement.
4.LED

Fig 2.3: LED

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An LED, or Light Emitting Diode, is a semiconductor light source that emits light
when an electric current passes through it. Unlike incandescent bulbs that heat up a filament
to produce light.

LEDs convert electrical energy directly into light energy through a process called
electroluminescence. An LED is a simple device consisting of several key parts:
Semiconductor material, P-type and N-type regions and Electrodes.

5.Jumper wires:

Fig 2.4: Jumper Wires

These are pre-made wires with a pin connector on each end. They are perfect for
prototyping circuits on a breadboard. They come in various lengths and colors. While the
colors typically don't correspond to a specific function, you can use them to improve the
readability of your circuit by using a specific color for ground (GND) or power (VCC).

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CHAPTER 3
CIRCUIT DESIGN

Fig 3.1: Circuit design with all integrated components

Here are the steps on how to connect the components in the circuit diagram:

• Connect the VCC pin of the PIR sensor to the 5V pin of the Arduino.
• Connect the GND pin of the PIR sensor to the GND pin of the Arduino.
• Connect the OUT pin of the PIR sensor to digital pin 2 of the Arduino.
• Connect the positive (+) pin of the buzzer to digital pin 8 of the Arduino.
• Connect the negative (-) pin of the buzzer to GND.

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CHAPTER 4

RESULT

Screenshot 4.1: Working

Screenshot 4.2: Working

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Screenshot 4.3: Serial Monitor

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

5.1 CONCLUSION
The conclusion is that it uses an infrared sensor (IR sensor) connected to pin 2 and
an LED connected to pin 7. The code reads the state of the IR sensor in the loop and
checks if the state is HIGH and if the statementPrinted variable is false. If both conditions
are true, the code turns on the LED, prints the statement "Someone Near the door.", and
sets the statementPrinted variable to true. If the state of the IR sensor is LOW, the code
turns off the LED and sets the statementPrinted variable to false. This ensures that the
statement is printed only once when motion is first detected.

5.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

• Add a potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity of the PIR sensor
• Implement debouncing to prevent false triggering of the sensor
• Use a for loop to blink the LED a specific number of times
• Implement BlinkWithoutDelay function to avoid delay and allow other tasks
to run simultaneously
• Add a button to manually reset the motion detection status
• Use interrupts to detect motion for faster response time
• Add a buzzer or an alarm to indicate motion detection
• Implement a timer to turn off the LED and reset the motion detection status
after a certain period of time
• Enable the system to differentiate between human and non-human motion.

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