MATHEMATICS (51)

Aims:
1. To acquire knowledge and understanding of the 4. To develop the necessary skills to work with
terms, symbols, concepts, principles, processes, modern technological devices such as calculators
proofs, etc. of mathematics. and computers in real life situations.
2. To develop an understanding of mathematical 5. To develop drawing skills, skills of reading
concepts and their application to further studies tables, charts and graphs.
in mathematics and science.
6. To develop an interest in mathematics.
3. To develop skills to apply mathematical
knowledge to solve real life problems.
CLASS IX

There will be one paper of two and a half hours type included. Rate of growth and
duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment depreciation.
of 20 marks.
Note: Paying back in equal installments, being
Certain questions may require the use of given rate of interest and installment
Mathematical tables (Logarithmic and Trigonometric amount, not included.
tables).
The solution of a question may require the knowledge 3. Algebra
of more than one branch of the syllabus. (i) Expansions

1. Pure Arithmetic Recall of concepts learned in earlier classes.

Rational and Irrational Numbers (a ± b)2

Rational, irrational numbers as real numbers, (a ± b)3

their place in the number system. Surds and (x ± a) (x ± b)
rationalization of surds. Simplifying an
expression by rationalizing the denominator. (a ± b ± c)2
Representation of rational and irrational (ii) Factorisation
numbers on the number line.
a2 – b2
Proofs of irrationality of
a3 ± b3
2. Commercial Mathematics ax2 + bx + c, by splitting the middle term.
Compound Interest (iii) Simultaneous Linear Equations in two
(a) Compound interest as a repeated Simple variables. (With numerical coefficients only)
Interest computation with a growing • Solving algebraically by:
Principal. Use of this in computing Amount
over a period of 2 or 3 years. - Elimination

(b) Use of formula n

. Finding CI - Substitution and
from the relation CI = A – P. - Cross Multiplication method
• Interest compounded half-yearly included. • Solving simple problems by framing
appropriate equations.
• Using the formula to find one quantity
given different combinations of A, P, r, n,
CI and SI; difference between CI and SI

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 (iv) Indices/ Exponents (d) Pythagoras Theorem
Handling positive, fractional, negative and Area based proof and simple applications
“zero” indices. of Pythagoras Theorem and its converse.
Simplification of expressions involving (ii) Rectilinear Figures
various exponents (a) Proof and use of theorems on
m
a ×=
a a n m+n m
, a ÷= n
a a m−n m n
, (a=
) a mn parallelogram.
etc. Use of laws of exponents. • Both pairs of opposite sides equal
(without proof).
(v) Logarithms
(a) Logarithmic form vis-à-vis exponential
• Both pairs of opposite angles equal.
form: interchanging. • One pair of opposite sides equal and
(b) Laws of Logarithms and their uses. parallel (without proof).
Expansion of expression with the help of • Diagonals bisect each other and
laws of logarithms bisect the parallelogram.
a4 × b2 • Rhombus as a special parallelogram
e.g. y = whose diagonals meet at right angles.
c3
• In a rectangle, diagonals are equal,
log y = 4 log a + 2 log b – 3 log c etc. in a square they are equal and meet
at right angles.
4. Geometry
(b) Constructions of Polygons
(i) Triangles
Construction of quadrilaterals (including
(a) Congruency: four cases: SSS, SAS, parallelograms and rhombus) and
AAS, and RHS. Illustration through regular hexagon using ruler and
cutouts. Simple applications. compasses only.
(b) Problems based on: (c) Proof and use of Area theorems on
• Angles opposite equal sides are parallelograms:
equal and converse. • Parallelograms on the same base
• If two sides of a triangle are and between the same parallels are
unequal, then the greater angle is equal in area.
opposite the greater side and • The area of a triangle is half that of
converse. a parallelogram on the same base
• Sum of any two sides of a triangle is and between the same parallels.
greater than the third side. • Triangles between the same base and
• Of all straight lines that can be between the same parallels are equal
drawn to a given line from a point in area (without proof).
outside it, the perpendicular is the • Triangles with equal areas on the
shortest. same bases have equal corresponding
Proofs not required. altitudes.
(c) Mid-Point Theorem and its converse, (iii) Circle:
equal intercept theorem (a) Chord properties
(i) Proof and simple applications of mid- • A straight line drawn from the centre
point theorem and its converse. of a circle to bisect a chord which is
(ii) Equal intercept theorem: proof and not a diameter is at right angles to
simple application. the chord.

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 • The perpendicular to a chord from (a) Area and perimeter of triangle (including
the centre bisects the chord (without Heron’s formula), all types of
proof). Quadrilaterals.

• Equal chords are equidistant from (b) Circle: Area and Circumference. Direct
the centre. application problems including Inner and
Outer area.
• Chords equidistant from the centre
Areas of sectors of circles other than
are equal (without proof).
quarter-circle and semicircle are not
• There is one and only one circle that included.
passes through three given points not (c) Surface area and volume of 3-D solids: cube
in a straight line. and cuboid including problems of type
(b) Arc and chord properties: involving:

• If two arcs subtend equal angles at • Different internal and external

the centre, they are equal, and its dimensions of the solid.
converse. • Cost.
• If two chords are equal, they cut off • Concept of volume being equal to area of
equal arcs, and its converse (without cross-section x height.
proof).
• Open/closed cubes/cuboids.
Note: Proofs of the theorems given above
are to be taught unless specified otherwise. 7. Trigonometry
5. Statistics (a) Trigonometric Ratios: sine, cosine, tangent
of an angle and their reciprocals.
Introduction, collection of data, presentation of
data, Graphical representation of data, Mean, (b) Trigonometric ratios of standard angles - 0,
Median of ungrouped data. 30, 45, 60, 90 degrees. Evaluation of an
expression involving these ratios.
(i) Understanding and recognition of raw,
arrayed and grouped data. (c) Simple 2-D problems involving one
right-angled triangle.
(ii) Tabulation of raw data using tally-marks.
(d) Concept of trigonometric ratios of
(iii) Understanding and recognition of discrete complementary angles and their direct
and continuous variables. application:
(iv) Mean, median of ungrouped data.
sin A = cos (90 - A), cos A = sin (90 – A)
(v) Class intervals, class boundaries and limits,
frequency, frequency table, class size for tan A = cot (90 – A), cot A = tan (90- A)
grouped data. sec A = cosec (90 – A), cosec A=sec (90 – A)
(vi) Grouped frequency distributions: the need to
and how to convert discontinuous intervals to 8. Coordinate Geometry
continuous intervals. Cartesian System, plotting of points in the plane
(vii)Drawing a frequency polygon. for given coordinates, solving simultaneous
linear equations in 2 variables graphically and
6. Mensuration finding the distance between two points using
Area and perimeter of a triangle and a distance formula.
quadrilateral. Area and circumference of circle. (a) Dependent and independent variables.
Surface area and volume of Cube and Cuboids.
(b) Ordered pairs, coordinates of points and
plotting them in the Cartesian plane.

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 (c) Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations • Study ways of raising a loan to buy a car or
graphically. house, e.g. bank loan or purchase a refrigerator or
a television set through hire purchase.
(d) Distance formula.
• Cutting a circle into equal sections of a small
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT central angle to find the area of a circle by using
A minimum of two assignments are to be done during the formula A = πr2.
the year as prescribed by the teacher. • To use flat cutouts to form cube, cuboids and
Suggested Assignments pyramids to obtain formulae for volume and total
surface area.
• Conduct a survey of a group of students and
represent it graphically - height, weight, number • Draw a circle of radius r on a ½ cm graph paper,
of family members, pocket money, etc. and then on a 2 mm graph paper. Estimate the
area enclosed in each case by actually counting
• Planning delivery routes for a postman/milkman. the squares. Now try out with circles of different
• Running a tuck shop/canteen. radii. Establish the pattern, if any, between the
two observed values and the theoretical value
(area = π r2). Any modifications?

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 CLASS X

There will be one paper of two and a half hours • Algebraically and writing the
duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment solution in set notation form.
of 20 marks.
• Representation of solution on the
Certain questions may require the use of number line.
Mathematical tables (Logarithmic and Trigonometric
tables). (ii) Quadratic Equations in one variable
(a) Nature of roots
1. Commercial Mathematics
• Two distinct real roots if b2 – 4ac >
(i) Goods and Services Tax (GST) 0
Computation of tax including problems • Two equal real roots if b2 – 4ac = 0
involving discounts, list-price, profit, loss,
basic/cost price including inverse cases. • No real roots if b2 – 4ac < 0
Candidates are also expected to find price (b) Solving Quadratic equations by:
paid by the consumer after paying State
Goods and Service Tax (SGST) and Central • Factorisation
Goods and Service Tax (CGST) - the • Using Formula.
different rates as in vogue on different types (c) Solving simple quadratic equation
of items will be provided. Problems based on
problems.
corresponding inverse cases are also
included. (iii) Ratio and Proportion
(ii) Banking (a) Proportion, Continued proportion, mean
proportion
Recurring Deposit Accounts: computation of
interest and maturity value using the (b) Componendo, dividendo, alternendo,
formula: invertendo properties and their
combinations.
n(n + 1) r
I=P × (c) Direct simple applications on
2 × 12 100 proportions only.
MV = P x n + I
(iv) Factorisation of polynomials:
(iii) Shares and Dividends
(a) Factor Theorem.
(a) Face/Nominal Value, Market Value,
(b) Remainder Theorem.
Dividend, Rate of Dividend, Premium.
(b) Formulae (c) Factorising a polynomial completely
after obtaining one factor by factor
• Income = number of shares × rate of theorem.
dividend × FV.
Note: f (x) not to exceed degree 3.
• Return = (Income / Investment) × 100.
Note: Brokerage and fractional shares not (v) Matrices
included. (a) Order of a matrix. Row and column
2. Algebra matrices.
(i) Linear Inequations (b) Compatibility for addition and
multiplication.
Linear Inequations in one unknown for x ∈
N, W, Z, R. Solving: (c) Null and Identity matrices.
(d) Addition and subtraction of 2×2
matrices.

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 (e) Multiplication of a 2×2 matrix by (ii) Comparison with congruency, keyword
• a non-zero rational number being proportionality.

• a matrix. (iii) Three conditions: SSS, SAS, AA. Simple

applications (proof not included).
(vi) Arithmetic and Geometric Progression
(iv) Applications of Basic Proportionality
• Finding their General term. Theorem.
• Finding Sum of their first ‘n’ terms. (v) Areas of similar triangles are
• Simple Applications. proportional to the squares of
(vii) Co-ordinate Geometry corresponding sides.
(a) Reflection (vi) Direct applications based on the above
including applications to maps and
(i) Reflection of a point in a line:
models.
x=0, y =0, x= a, y=a, the origin.
(b) Loci
(ii) Reflection of a point in the origin.
Loci: Definition, meaning, Theorems and
(iii) Invariant points.
constructions based on Loci.
(b) Co-ordinates expressed as (x,y), Section
formula, Midpoint formula, Concept of (i) The locus of a point at a fixed distance
slope, equation of a line, Various forms from a fixed point is a circle with the
of straight lines. fixed point as centre and fixed distance
as radius.
(i) Section and Mid-point formula
(Internal section only, co-ordinates (ii) The locus of a point equidistant from two
of the centroid of a triangle intersecting lines is the bisector of the
included). angles between the lines.
(ii) Equation of a line: (iii) The locus of a point equidistant from two
given points is the perpendicular bisector
• Slope –intercept form y = mx + c
of the line joining the points.
• Two- point form (y-y 1 ) = m(x-x 1 )
Proofs not required.
• Geometric understanding of ‘m’
(c) Circles
as slope/ gradient/ tanθ where θ
is the angle the line makes with (i) Angle Properties
the positive direction of the x axis.
• The angle that an arc of a circle
• Geometric understanding of ‘c’ as subtends at the centre is double that
the y-intercept/the ordinate of the which it subtends at any point on the
point where the line intercepts the remaining part of the circle.
y axis/ the point on the line where
x=0. • Angles in the same segment of a
circle are equal (without proof).
• Conditions for two lines to be
parallel or perpendicular. • Angle in a semi-circle is a right
Simple applications of all the angle.
above. (ii) Cyclic Properties:
3. Geometry • Opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral are supplementary.
(a) Similarity
• The exterior angle of a cyclic
Similarity, conditions of similar triangles. quadrilateral is equal to the opposite
(i) As a size transformation. interior angle (without proof).

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 (iii) Tangent and Secant Properties: 5. Trigonometry
• The tangent at any point of a circle (a) Using Identities to solve/prove simple
and the radius through the point are algebraic trigonometric expressions
perpendicular to each other. sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
• If two circles touch, the point of 1 + tan2 A = sec2A
contact lies on the straight line
1+cot2A = cosec2A; 0 ≤ A ≤ 90°
joining their centres.
(b) Heights and distances: Solving 2-D problems
• From any point outside a circle, two involving angles of elevation and depression
tangents can be drawn, and they are using trigonometric tables.
equal in length.
Note: Cases involving more than two right
• If two chords intersect internally or angled triangles excluded.
externally then the product of the
lengths of the segments are equal. 6. Statistics
• If a chord and a tangent intersect Statistics – basic concepts, Mean, Median, Mode.
externally, then the product of the Histograms and Ogive.
lengths of segments of the chord is
equal to the square of the length of (a) Computation of:
the tangent from the point of contact • Measures of Central Tendency: Mean,
to the point of intersection. median, mode for raw and arrayed data.
Mean*, median class and modal class for
• If a line touches a circle and from the
grouped data. (both continuous and
point of contact, a chord is drawn,
discontinuous).
the angles between the tangent and
the chord are respectively equal to * Mean by all 3 methods included:
the angles in the corresponding
Direct : Σfx
alternate segments. Σf
Note: Proofs of the theorems given above
Σfd
are to be taught unless specified otherwise. Short-cut : A+ where d = x − A
Σf
(iv) Constructions
(a) Construction of tangents to a circle Step-deviation: A + Σft × i where t = x − A
Σf i
from an external point.
(b) Graphical Representation. Histograms and
(b) Circumscribing and inscribing a Less than Ogive.
circle on a triangle and a
regular hexagon. • Finding the mode from the histogram,
the upper quartile, lower Quartile and
4. Mensuration median etc. from the ogive.
• Calculation of inter Quartile range.
Area and volume of solids – Cylinder, Cone and
Sphere. 7. Probability
Three-dimensional solids - right circular Random experiments, Sample space, Events,
cylinder, right circular cone and sphere: Area definition of probability, Simple problems on
(total surface and curved surface) and Volume. single events.
Direct application problems including cost, Inner
and Outer volume and melting and recasting
method to find the volume or surface area of a
new solid. Combination of solids included.
Note: Problems on Frustum are not included.

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SI UNITS, SIGNS, SYMBOLS AND INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
ABBREVIATIONS
The minimum number of assignments: Two
(1) Agreed conventions assignments as prescribed by the teacher.
(a) Units may be written in full or using the Suggested Assignments
agreed symbols, but no other abbreviation
may be used. • Comparative newspaper coverage of different
items.
(b) The letter ‘s’ is never added to symbols to
indicate the plural form. • Survey of various types of Bank accounts,
rates of interest offered.
(c) A full stop is not written after symbols for
units unless it occurs at the end of a sentence. • Planning a home budget.
(d) When unit symbols are combined as a • Conduct a survey in your locality to study the
quotient, e.g., metre per second, it is mode of conveyance / Price of various
recommended that it should be written as essential commodities / favourite sports.
m/s, or as m s-1. Represent the data using a bar graph /
histogram and estimate the mode.
(e) Three decimal signs are in common
international use: the full point, the mid-point • To use a newspaper to study and report on
and the comma. Since the full point is shares and dividends.
sometimes used for multiplication and the
comma for spacing digits in large numbers, it • Set up a dropper with ink in it vertical at a
is recommended that the mid-point be used height say 20 cm above a horizontally placed
for decimals. sheet of plain paper. Release one ink drop;
observe the pattern, if any, on the paper.
(2) Names and symbols Vary the vertical distance and repeat.
Discover any pattern of relationship between
In general
the vertical height and the ink drop observed.
Implies that ⇒ is logically equivalent to ⇔
Identically equal to ≡ is approximately equal to >> • You are provided (or you construct a model
In set language as shown) - three vertical sticks (size of a
Belongs to ∈ does not belong to ∉
is equivalent to is not equivalent to pencil) stuck to a horizontal board. You
↔ ↔
union ∪ intersection ∩ should also have discs of varying sizes with
universal set ξ is contained in ⊂ holes (like a doughnut). Start with one disc;
natural (counting) Ν the empty set ø place it on (in) stick A. Transfer it to another
numbers whole numbers W
integers real numbers stick (B or C); this is one move (m). Now try
Ζ R
with two discs placed in A such that the large
In measures
Kilometre km Metre m disc is below, and the smaller disc is above
Centimetre cm Millimetre mm (number of discs = n=2 now). Now transfer
Kilogram kg Gram g them one at a time in B or C to obtain similar
Litre L Centilitre cL
square kilometre km2 Square meter m2
situation (larger disc below). How many
square centimetre cm2 Hectare ha moves? Try with more discs (n = 1, 2, 3,
cubic metre m3 Cubic centimetre cm3 etc.) and generalise.
kilometres per hour km/h Metres per second m/s

A B C

95
• The board has some holes to hold marbles, red on • Find by construction the centre of a circle, using
one side and blue on the other. Start with one only a 60-30 setsquare and a pencil.
pair. Interchange the positions by making one
move at a time. A marble can jump over another • Various types of “cryptarithm”.
to fill the hole behind. The move (m) equal 3.
Try with 2 (n=2) and more. Find the relationship EVALUATION
between n and m. The assignments/project work are to be evaluated by
the subject teacher and by an External Examiner.
(The External Examiner may be a teacher nominated
by the Head of the school, who could be from the
faculty, but not teaching the subject in the
Red Blue section/class. For example, a teacher of Mathematics
of Class VIII may be deputed to be an External
• Take a square sheet of paper of side 10 cm. Four Examiner for Class X, Mathematics projects.)
small squares are to be cut from the corners of
The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner
the square sheet and then the paper folded at the
will assess the assignments independently.
cuts to form an open box. What should be the
size of the squares cut so that the volume of the Award of Marks (20 Marks)
open box is maximum?
Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 10 marks
• Take an open box, four sets of marbles (ensuring External Examiner 10 marks
that marbles in each set are of the same size) and
some water. By placing the marbles and water The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to
in the box, attempt to answer the question: do CISCE by the Head of the school.
larger marbles or smaller marbles occupy more The Head of the school will be responsible for the
volume in a given space? online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal
• An eccentric artist says that the best paintings by the due date.
have the same area as their perimeter
(numerically). Let us not argue whether such
sizes increase the viewer’s appreciation, but only
try and find what sides (in integers only) a
rectangle must have if its area and perimeter are
to be equal (Note: there are only two such
rectangles).

96
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN MATHEMATICS - GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES
Criteria Preparation Concepts Computation Presentation Understanding Marks
Grade I Exhibits and Admirable use of Careful and Presents well stated Shows strong personal 4 marks for
selects a well- mathematical concepts accurate work with conclusions; uses contribution; each
defined problem. and methods and appropriate effective mathematical demonstrate knowledge criterion
exhibits competency in computation, language, symbols, and understanding of
Appropriate use
using extensive range of construction and conventions, tables, assignment and can
of techniques.
mathematical measurement with diagrams, graphs, etc. apply the same in
techniques. correct units. different situations.
Grade II Exhibits and Appropriate use of Commits negligible Some statements of Neat with average 3 marks for
selects routine mathematical concepts errors in conclusions; uses amount of help; each
approach. and methods and shows computation, appropriate math assignment shows criterion
adequate competency in construction and language, learning of mathematics
Fairly good
using limited range of measurement. with a limited ability to
techniques. symbols, conventions,
techniques. use it.
tables, diagrams,
graphs, etc.
Grade III Exhibits and Uses appropriate Commits a few Assignment is Lack of ability to 2 marks for
selects trivial mathematical concepts errors in presentable though it is conclude without help; each
problems. and shows competency computation, disorganized in some shows some learning of criterion
in using limited range construction and places. mathematics with a
Satisfactory
of techniques. measurement. limited ability to use it.
techniques.

Grade IV Exhibits and Uses inappropriate Commits many Presentation made is Lack of ability to 1 mark for
selects an mathematical concepts mistakes in somewhat disorganized conclude even with each
insignificant for the assignment. computation, and untidy. considerable help; criterion
problem. construction and assignment contributes
measurement. to mathematical learning
Uses some
to a certain extent.
unsuitable
techniques.
Grade V Exhibits and Not able to use Inaccurate Presentation made is Assignment does not 0 mark
selects a mathematical concepts. computation, completely contribute to
completely construction and disorganized, untidy mathematical learning
irrelevant measurement. and poor. and lacks practical
problem. applicability.
Uses unsuitable
techniques.

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 SCIENCE (52)
PHYSICS
SCIENCE Paper - 1
Aims: 3. To develop instrumental, communication,
1. To acquire knowledge and understanding of the deductive and problem-solving skills.
terms, facts, concepts, definitions, laws, principles 4. To discover that there is a living and growing
and processes of Physics. physics relevant to the modern age in which we
2. To develop skills in practical aspects of handling live.
apparatus, recording observations and in drawing
diagrams, graphs, etc.
CLASS IX

There will be one paper of two hours duration Examples of Scalar and vector quantities only,
carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of rest and motion in one dimension; distance and
practical work carrying 20 marks. displacement; speed and velocity; acceleration
Note: Unless otherwise specified, only SI Units are to and retardation; distance-time and velocity-time
be used while teaching and learning, as well as for graphs; meaning of slope of the graphs; [Non-
answering questions. uniform acceleration excluded].
Equations to be derived: v = u + at;
1. Measurements and Experimentation
S = ut + ½at2; S = ½(u+v)t; v2 = u2 + 2aS.
(i) International System of Units, the required [Equation for S n th is not included].
SI units with correct symbols are given at
the end of this syllabus. Other commonly Simple numerical problems.
used system of units - fps and cgs. 3. Laws of Motion
(ii) Measurements using common instruments, (i) Contact and non-contact forces; cgs & SI units.
Vernier callipers and micro-metre screw Examples of contact forces (frictional force,
gauge for length, and simple pendulum for normal reaction force, tension force as
time. applied through strings and force exerted
Measurement of length using, Vernier during collision) and non-contact forces
callipers and micro-metre screw gauge. (gravitational, electric and magnetic).
General properties of non-contact forces. cgs
Decreasing least-count leads to an increase in
and SI units of force and their relation with
accuracy; least-count (LC) of Vernier
Gravitational units.
callipers and screw gauge), zero error (basic
idea), (no numerical problems on callipers (ii) Newton’s First Law of Motion (qualitative
and screw gauge), simple pendulum; time discussion) introduction of the idea of inertia,
period, frequency, graph of length l versus T2 mass and force.
Newton's first law; statement and qualitative
only; slope of the graph. Formula T=2.π. l g discussion; definitions of inertia and force
[no derivation]. Only simple numerical from first law, examples of inertia as
problems. illustration of first law. (Inertial mass not
included).
2. Motion in One Dimension
(iii)Newton’s Second Law of Motion (including
Scalar and vector quantities, distance, speed, F=ma); weight and mass.
velocity, acceleration; graphs of distance-time and
speed-time; equations of uniformly accelerated Detailed study of the second law. Linear
motion with derivations. momentum, p = mv; change in momentum ∆p

98
 = ∆(mv) = m∆v for mass remaining constant, of cases where bodies with density ρ >, = or
rate of change of momentum; < the density ρ' of the fluid in which it is
immersed.
∆ p/∆ t = m∆v /∆t = ma or
p 2 - p1 mv - mu m ( v - u ) Relative Density (RD) and Archimedes’
{ = = = ma } ; principle. Experimental determination of RD
t t t of a solid and liquid denser than water.
Simple numerical problems combining Floatation: principle of floatation; relation
between the density of a floating body, density
F = ∆p /∆t = ma and equations of motion. of the liquid in which it is floating and the
Units of force - only cgs and SI. fraction of volume of the body immersed;
(iv) Newton’s Third Law of Motion (qualitative (ρ 1 /ρ 2 = V 2 /V 1 ); apparent weight of floating
discussion only); simple examples. object; application to ship, submarine,
iceberg, balloons, etc.
Statement with qualitative discussion;
examples of action - reaction pairs, (F BA and Simple numerical problems involving
F AB ); action and reaction always act on Archimedes’ principle, buoyancy and
different bodies. floatation.
(v) Gravitation 5. Heat and Energy
Universal Law of Gravitation. (Statement and (i) Concepts of heat and temperature.
equation) and its importance. Gravity, Heat as energy, SI unit – joule,
acceleration due to gravity, free fall. Weight
and mass, Weight as force of gravity 1 cal = 4.186 J exactly.
comparison of mass and weight; gravitational (ii) Anomalous expansion of water; graphs
units of force, (Simple numerical problems), showing variation of volume and density of
(problems on variation of gravity excluded) water with temperature in the 0 to 10 0C
4. Fluids range. Hope’s experiment and consequences
of Anomalous expansion.
(i) Change of pressure with depth (including the
formula p=hρg); Transmission of pressure in (iii) Energy flow and its importance:
liquids; atmospheric pressure. Understanding the flow of energy as Linear
Thrust and Pressure and their units; pressure and linking it with the laws of
exerted by a liquid column p = hρg; simple Thermodynamics- ‘Energy is neither created
daily life examples, (i) broadness of the base nor destroyed’ and ‘No Energy transfer is
of a dam, (ii) Diver’s suit etc. some 100% efficient.
consequences of p = hρg; transmission of (iv) Energy sources.
pressure in liquids; Pascal's law; examples;
atmospheric pressure; common manifestation Solar, wind, water and nuclear energy (only
and consequences. Variations of pressure qualitative discussion of steps to produce
with altitude, (qualitative only); applications electricity). Renewable versus non-renewable
such as weather forecasting and altimeter. sources (elementary ideas with example).
(Simple numerical problems) Renewable energy: biogas, solar energy,
(ii) Buoyancy, Archimedes’ Principle; floatation; wind energy, energy from falling of water,
relationship with density; relative density; run-of-the river schemes, energy from waste,
determination of relative density of a solid. tidal energy, etc. Issues of economic viability
and ability to meet demands.
Buoyancy, upthrust (F B ); definition; different
cases, F B >, = or < weight W of the body Non-renewable energy – coal, oil, natural
immersed; characteristic properties of gas. Inequitable use of energy in urban and
upthrust; Archimedes’ principle; explanation rural areas. Use of hydro electrical powers
for light and tube wells.

99
 (v) Global warming and Green House effect: Elementary ideas and simple applications
Meaning, causes and impact on the life on only. Difference between ultrasonic and
earth. Projections for the future; what needs supersonic.
to be done. 8. Electricity and Magnetism
Energy degradation – meaning and examples. (i) Simple electric circuit using an electric cell
6. Light and a bulb to introduce the idea of current
(including its relationship to charge); potential
(i) Reflection of light; images formed by a pair of difference; insulators and conductors; closed
parallel and perpendicular plane mirrors;
and open circuits; direction of current
Laws of reflection; experimental verification; (electron flow and conventional)
characteristics of images formed in a pair of
mirrors, (a) parallel and (b) perpendicular to Current Electricity: brief introduction of
each other; uses of plane mirrors. sources of direct current - cells, accumulators
(construction, working and equations
(ii) Spherical mirrors; characteristics of image
formed by these mirrors. Uses of concave and excluded); Electric current as the rate of flow
convex mirrors. (Only simple direct ray of electric charge (direction of current -
diagrams are required). conventional and electronic), symbols used in
circuit diagrams. Detection of current by
Brief introduction to spherical mirrors -
Galvanometer or ammeter (functioning of the
concave and convex mirrors, centre and
meters not to be introduced). Idea of electric
radius of curvature, pole and principal axis,
focus and focal length; location of images circuit by using cell, key, resistance
from ray diagram for various positions of a wire/resistance box/rheostat, qualitatively.;
small linear object on the principal axis of elementary idea about work done in
concave and convex mirrors; characteristics transferring charge through a conductor
of images. wire; potential difference V = W/q.
f = R/2 (without proof); sign convention and (No derivation of formula) simple numerical
direct numerical problems using the mirror problems.
formulae are included. (Derivation of
formulae not required) Social initiatives: Improving efficiency of
existing technologies and introducing new
Uses of spherical mirrors. eco-friendly technologies. Creating
Scale drawing or graphical representation of awareness and building trends of sensitive use
ray diagrams not required. of resources and products, e.g. reduced use of
7. Sound electricity.

(i) Nature of Sound waves. Requirement of a (ii) Induced magnetism, Magnetic field of earth.
medium for sound waves to travel; Neutral points in magnetic fields.
propagation and speed in different media; Magnetism: magnetism induced by bar
comparison with speed of light. magnets on magnetic materials; induction
Sound propagation, terms – frequency (f), precedes attraction; lines of magnetic field
wavelength (λ), velocity (V), relation V = fλ. and their properties; evidences of existence of
(Simple numerical problems) effect of different earth’s magnetic field, magnetic compass.
factors on the speed of sound; comparison of Uniform magnetic field of earth and non-
speed of sound with speed of light; uniform field of a bar magnet placed along
consequences of the large difference in these magnetic north-south; neutral point;
speeds in air; thunder and lightning. properties of magnetic field lines.

(ii) Infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic frequencies and (iii) Introduction of electromagnet and its uses.
their applications. Self-explanatory.

100
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF 5. Obtain five sets of readings of the time taken for
PRACTICAL WORK 20 oscillations of a simple pendulum of lengths
about 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 cm; calculate the
Candidates will be asked to carry out experiments for
time periods (T) and their squares (T2) for each
which instructions are given. The experiments may be
length (l). Plot a graph of l vs. T2. Draw the best
based on topics that are not included in the syllabus
- fit straight - line graph. Also, obtain its slope.
but theoretical knowledge will not be required. A
Calculate the value of g in the laboratory.
candidate will be expected to be able to follow simple
instructions, to take suitable readings and to present It is 4π2 x slope.
these readings in a systematic form. He/she may be 6. Take a beaker of water. Place it on the wire gauze
required to exhibit his/her data graphically. on a tripod stand. Suspend two thermometers -
Candidates will be expected to appreciate and use the one with Celsius and the other with Fahrenheit
concepts of least count, significant figures and scale. Record the thermometer readings at 5 to 7
elementary error handling. different temperatures. You may start with ice-
A set of 6 to 10 experiments may be designed as given cold water, then allow it to warm up and then heat
below or as found most suitable by the teacher. it slowly taking temperature (at regular intervals)
Students should be encouraged to record their as high as possible. Plot a graph of T F vs. T C .
observations systematically in a neat tabular form - in Obtain the slope. Compare with the theoretical
columns with column heads including units or in value. Read the intercept on T F axis for T C = 0.
numbered rows as necessary. The final result or 7. Using a plane mirror strip mounted vertically on a
conclusion may be recorded for each experiment. board, obtain the reflected rays for three rays
Some of the experiments may be demonstrated (with incident at different angles. Measure the angles of
the help of students) if these cannot be given to each incidence and angles of reflection. See if these
student as lab experiments. angles are equal.
1. Determine the least count of the Vernier callipers 8. Place three object pins at different distances on a
and measure the length and diameter of a small line perpendicular to a plane mirror fixed
cylinder (average of three sets) - may be a metal vertically on a board. Obtain two reflected rays
rod of length 2 to 3 cm and diameter 1 to 2 cm. (for each pin) fixing two pins in line with the
2. Determine the pitch and least count of the given image. Obtain the positions of the images in each
screw gauge and measure the mean radius of the case by extending backwards (using dashed lines),
given wire, taking three sets of readings in the lines representing reflected rays. Measure the
perpendicular directions. object distances and image distances in the three
cases. Tabulate. Are they equal? Generalize the
3. Measure the length, breadth and thickness of a result.
glass block using a metre rule (each reading
correct to a mm), taking the mean of three readings 9. Obtain the focal length of a concave mirror (a)
in each case. Calculate the volume of the block in by distant object method, focusing its real image
cm3 and m3. Determine the mass (not weight) of on a screen or wall and (b) by one needle method
the block using any convenient balance in g and removing parallax or focusing the image of the
kg. Calculate the density of glass in cgs and SI illuminated wire gauze attached to a ray box. One
units using mass and volume in the respective could also improvise with a candle and a screen.
units. Obtain the relation between the two density Enter your observations in numbered rows.
units. 10. Connect a suitable dc source (two dry cells or an
4. Measure the volume of a metal bob (the one used acid cell), a key and a bulb (may be a small one
in simple pendulum experiments) from the used in torches) in series. Close the circuit by
readings of water level in a measuring cylinder inserting the plug in the key. Observe the bulb as
using displacement method. Also calculate the it lights up. Now open the circuit, connect another
same volume from the radius measured using identical bulb in between the first bulb and the cell
Vernier callipers. Comment on the accuracies. so that the two bulbs are in series. Close the key.
Observe the lighted bulbs. How does the light
from any one bulb compare with that in the first

101
 case when you had only one bulb? Disconnect the south. Plot the magnetic field in the region around
second bulb. Reconnect the circuit as in the first the magnet. Identify the regions where the
experiment. Now connect the second bulb across combined magnetic field of the magnet and the
the first bulb. The two bulbs are connected in earth is (a) strongest, (b) very weak but not zero,
parallel. Observe the brightness of any one bulb. and (c) zero. Why is neutral point, so called?
Compare with previous results. Draw your own
12. Using a spring balance obtain the weight (in N) of
conclusions regarding the current and resistance in
a metal ball in air and then completely immersed
the three cases.
in water in a measuring cylinder. Note the volume
11. Plot the magnetic field lines of earth (without any of the ball from the volume of the water displaced.
magnet nearby) using a small compass needle. On Calculate the upthrust from the first two weights.
another sheet of paper, place a bar magnet with its Also calculate the mass and then weight of the
axis parallel to the magnetic lines of the earth, i.e. water displaced by the bob M=V.ρ, W=mg). Use
along the magnetic meridian or magnetic north the above result to verify Archimedes principle.

102
 CLASS X
There will be one paper of two hours duration electrical energy, nuclear energy, sound
carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of energy, light energy).
practical work carrying 20 marks.
Mechanical energy: potential energy U = mgh
Note: Unless otherwise specified, only SI Units are to (derivation included) gravitational PE,
be used while teaching and learning, as well as for examples; kinetic energy K= ½ mv2
answering questions. (derivation included); forms of kinetic energy:
translational, rotational and vibrational -
1. Force, Work, Power and Energy only simple examples. [Numerical problems
on K and U only in case of translational
(i) Turning forces concept; moment of a force; motion]; qualitative discussions of electrical,
forces in equilibrium; centre of gravity; chemical, heat, nuclear, light and sound
[discussions using simple examples and energy, conversion from one form to another;
simple numerical problems]. common examples.
Elementary introduction of translational and (v) Machines as force multipliers; load, effort,
rotational motions; moment (turning effect) of mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and
a force, also called torque and its cgs and SI efficiency; simple treatment of levers, pulley
units; common examples - door, steering systems showing the utility of each type of
wheel, bicycle pedal, etc.; clockwise and anti- machine.
clockwise moments; conditions for a body to
Functions and uses of simple machines:
be in equilibrium ( translational and
rotational); principle of moment and its Terms- effort E, load L, mechanical
verification using a metre rule suspended by advantage MA = L/E, velocity ratio
two spring balances with slotted weights VR = V E /V L = d E / d L , input (W i ), output (W o ),
hanging from it; simple numerical problems; efficiency (η), relation between η and MA, VR
Centre of gravity (qualitative only) with (derivation included); for all practical
examples of some regular bodies and machines η <1; MA < VR.
irregular lamina. Lever: principle. First, second and third class
(ii) Uniform circular motion. of levers; examples: MA and VR in each case.
Examples of each of these classes of levers as
As an example of constant speed, though also found in the human body.
acceleration (force) is present. Differences
between centrifugal and centripetal force. Pulley system: single fixed, single movable,
block and tackle; MA, VR and η in each
(iii) Work, energy, power and their relation with case.
force.
(vi) Principle of Conservation of energy.
Definition of work. W = FS cosθ; special
Statement of the principle of conservation of
cases of θ = 00, 900. W= mgh. Definition of
energy; theoretical verification that U + K =
energy, energy as work done. Various units of
constant for a freely falling body. Application
work and energy and their relation with SI
of this law to simple pendulum (qualitative
units. [erg, calorie, kW h and eV]. Definition
only); [simple numerical problems].
of Power, P=W/t; SI and cgs units; other
units, kilowatt (kW), megawatt (MW) and
gigawatt (GW); and horsepower (1hp=746W)
[Simple numerical problems on work, power
and energy].
(iv) Different types of energy (e.g., chemical
energy, Mechanical energy, heat energy,

103
2. Light of prisms; technical terms; centre of
curvature, radii of curvature, principal axis,
(i) Refraction of light through a glass block and a
foci, focal plane and focal length; detailed
triangular prism - qualitative treatment of
study of refraction of light in spherical lenses
simple applications such as real and apparent
through ray diagrams; formation of images -
depth of objects in water and apparent bending
principal rays or construction rays; location
of sticks in water. Applications of refraction
of images from ray diagram for various
of light.
positions of a small linear object on the
Partial reflection and refraction due to principal axis; characteristics of images. Sign
change in medium. Laws of refraction; the convention and direct numerical problems
effect on speed (V), wavelength (λ) and using the lens formula are included
frequency (f) due to refraction of light; (derivation of formula not required).
conditions for a light ray to pass undeviated.
Scale drawing or graphical representation of
Values of speed of light (c) in vacuum, air,
ray diagrams not required.
water and glass; refractive index µ = c/V, V =
fλ. Values of µ for common substances such Power of a lens (concave and convex) –
as water, glass and diamond; experimental [simple direct numerical problems]:
verification; refraction through glass block; magnifying glass or simple microscope:
lateral displacement; multiple images in thick location of image and magnification from ray
glass plate/mirror; refraction through a glass diagram only [formula and numerical
prism, simple applications: real and apparent problems not included]. Applications of
depth of objects in water; apparent bending of lenses.
a stick under water. (Simple numerical (iv) Using a triangular prism to produce a visible
problems and approximate ray diagrams spectrum from white light; Electromagnetic
required). spectrum. Scattering of light.
(ii) Total internal reflection: Critical angle; Deviation produced by a triangular prism;
examples in triangular glass prisms; dependence on colour (wavelength) of light;
comparison with reflection from a plane dispersion and spectrum; electromagnetic
mirror (qualitative only). Applications of total spectrum: broad classification (names only
internal reflection. arranged in order of increasing wavelength);
Transmission of light from a denser medium properties common to all electromagnetic
(glass/water) to a rarer medium (air) at radiations; properties and uses of infrared
different angles of incidence; critical angle and ultraviolet radiation. Simple application
(C) µ = 1/sin C. Essential conditions for total of scattering of light e.g. blue colour of the
internal reflection. Total internal reflection in sky.
a triangular glass prism; ray diagram, 3. Sound
different cases - angles of prism (60º,60º,60º),
(60º,30º,90º), (45º,45º,90º); use of right angle (i) Reflection of Sound Waves; echoes: their use;
prism to obtain δ = 90º and 180º (ray simple numerical problems on echoes.
diagram); comparison of total internal Production of echoes, condition for formation
reflection from a prism and reflection from a of echoes; simple numerical problems; use of
plane mirror. echoes by bats, dolphins, fishermen, medical
(iii) Lenses (converging and diverging) including field. SONAR.
characteristics of the images formed (using (ii) Natural vibrations, Damped vibrations,
ray diagrams only); magnifying glass; Forced vibrations and Resonance - a special
location of images using ray diagrams and case of forced vibrations.
thereby determining magnification.
Meaning and simple applications of natural,
Types of lenses (converging and diverging), damped, forced vibrations and resonance.
convex and concave, action of a lens as a set

104
 (iii) Loudness, pitch and quality of sound: (iv) Magnetic effect of a current (principles only,
laws not required); electromagnetic induction
Characteristics of sound: loudness and
intensity; subjective and objective nature of (elementary); transformer.
these properties; sound level in decibel(dB) Oersted’s experiment on the magnetic effect of
(as unit only); noise pollution; electric current; magnetic field (B) and field
interdependence of: pitch and frequency; lines due to current in a straight wire
quality and waveforms (with examples). (qualitative only), right hand thumb rule –
4. Electricity and Magnetism magnetic field due to a current in a loop;
Electromagnets: their uses; comparisons with
(i) Ohm’s Law; concepts of emf, potential a permanent magnet; Fleming’s Left Hand
difference, resistance; resistances in series and
Rule, the DC electric motor- simple sketch of
parallel, internal resistance.
main parts (coil, magnet, split ring
Concepts of pd (V), current (I), resistance (R) commutators and brushes); brief description
and charge (Q). Ohm's law: statement, V=IR; and type of energy transfer(working not
SI units; experimental verification; graph of V required): Simple introduction to
vs I and resistance from slope; ohmic and electromagnetic induction; frequency of AC in
non-ohmic resistors, factors affecting house hold supplies , Fleming’s Right Hand
resistance (including specific resistance) and Rule, AC Generator - Simple sketch of main
internal resistance; super conductors, parts, brief description and type of energy
electromotive force (emf); combination of
transfer(working not required). Advantage of
resistances in series and parallel and
AC over DC. Transformer- its types,
derivation of expressions for equivalent
resistance. Simple numerical problems using characteristics of primary and secondary
the above relations. [Simple network of coils in each type (simple labelled diagram
resistors]. and its uses).

(ii) Electrical power and energy. 5. Heat

Electrical energy; examples of heater, motor, (i) Calorimetry: meaning, specific heat capacity;
lamp, loudspeaker, etc. Electrical power; principle of method of mixtures; Numerical
measurement of electrical energy, W = QV = Problems on specific heat capacity using heat
VIt from the definition of pd. Combining with loss and gain and the method of mixtures.
ohm’s law W = VIt = I2 Rt = (V2/R)t and Heat and its units (calorie, joule),
electrical power P = (W/t) = VI = I2R = V2/R. temperature and its units (oC,, K); thermal
Units: SI and commercial; Power rating of (heat) capacity C' = Q/T... (SI unit of C'):
common appliances, household consumption Specific heat Capacity C = Q/mT (SI unit of
of electric energy; calculation of total energy C) Mutual relation between Heat Capacity
consumed by electrical appliances; W = Pt and Specific Heat capacity, values of C for
(kilowatt × hour = kW h), [simple numerical some common substances (ice, water and
problems]. copper). Principle of method of mixtures
(iii) Household circuits – main circuit; switches; including mathematical statement. Natural
fuses; earthing; safety precautions; three-pin phenomenon involving specific heat.
plugs; colour coding of wires. Consequences of high specific heat of water.
[Simple numerical problems].
House wiring (ring system), power
distribution; main circuit (3 wires-live, (ii) Latent heat; loss and gain of heat involving
neutral, earth) with fuse / MCB, main switch change of state for fusion only.
and its advantages - circuit diagram; two- Change of phase (state); heating curve for
way switch, staircase wiring, need for water; latent heat; specific latent heat of
earthing, fuse, 3-pin plug and socket; fusion (SI unit). Simple numerical problems.
Conventional location of live, neutral and Common physical phenomena involving latent
earth points in 3 pin plugs and sockets. Safety heat of fusion.
precautions, colour coding of wires.

105
6. Modern Physics Derived Unit
(i) Radioactivity and changes in the nucleus; quantity Name Symbol
background radiation and safety precautions. Volume cubic metre m3
Brief introduction (qualitative only) of the Density kilogram per cubic metre kg m-3
nucleus, nuclear structure, atomic number Velocity metre per second m s-1
(Z), mass number (A). Radioactivity as
Acceleration metre per second square m s-2
spontaneous disintegration. α, β and γ - their
nature and properties; changes within the Momentum kilogram metre per kg m s-1
nucleus. One example each of α and β decay second
with equations showing changes in Z and A.
Uses of radioactivity - radio isotopes. Some derived units are given special names due to
Harmful effects. Safety precautions. their complexity when expressed in terms of the
Background radiation. fundamental units, as below:
Radiation: X-rays; radioactive fallout from Derived quantity Unit
nuclear plants and other sources.
Name Symbol
Nuclear Energy: working on safe disposal of
Force newton N
waste. Safety measures to be strictly
reinforced. Pressure pascal Pa
(ii) Nuclear fission and fusion; basic introduction Energy, Work joule J
and equations. Power watt W
A NOTE ON SI UNITS Frequency hertz Hz
SI units (Systeme International d’Unites) were Electric charge coulomb C
adopted internationally in 1968. Electric resistance ohm Ω
Fundamental units Electromotive force volt V
The system has seven fundamental (or basic) units,
When the unit is named after a person, the symbol has
one for each of the fundamental quantities.
a capital letter.
Fundamental quantity Unit
Standard prefixes
Name Symbol
Decimal multiples and submultiples are attached to
Mass kilogram kg units when appropriate, as below:
Length metre m Multiple Prefix Symbol
Time second s 109 giga G
6
Electric current ampere A 10 mega M
3
10 kilo k
Temperature kelvin K
-1
10 deci d
Luminous intensity candela cd -2
10 centi c
Amount of substance mole mol -3
10 milli m
-6
Derived units 10 micro µ
-9
These are obtained from the fundamental units by 10 nano n
multiplication or division; no numerical factors are 10 -12
pico p
involved. Some derived units with complex names -15
10 femto f
are:

106
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF 5. Determine the focal length of a convex lens by
PRACTICAL WORK using two pins and formula f = uv/(u+v).
Candidates will be asked to carry out experiments for 6. For a triangular prism, trace the course of rays
which instructions will be given. The experiments passing through it, measure angles i 1 , i 2 , A and
may be based on topics that are not included in the δ.Repeat for four different angles of incidence
syllabus but theoretical knowledge will not be (say i 1 =400 , 500, 600 and 700). Verify i 1 + i 2 =A+δ
required. A candidate will be expected to be able to and A = r 1 + r 2 .
follow simple instructions, to take suitable readings 7. For a ray of light incident normally (i 1 =0) on one
and to present these readings in a systematic form. face of a prism, trace course of the ray. Measure
He/she may be required to exhibit his/her data the angle δ. Explain briefly. Do this for prisms
graphically. Candidates will be expected to appreciate with A=600, 450 and 900.
and use the concepts of least count, significant figures
and elementary error handling. 8. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the material
of the given calorimeter, from the temperature
Note: Teachers may design their own set of readings and masses of cold water, warm water
experiments, preferably related to the theory syllabus. and its mixture taken in the calorimeter.
A comprehensive list is suggested below:
9. Determination of specific heat capacity of a metal
1. Lever - There are many possibilities with a meter by method of mixtures.
rule as a lever with a load (known or unknown) 10. Determination of specific latent heat of ice.
suspended from a point near one end (say left), the
lever itself pivoted on a knife edge, use slotted 11. Using as simple electric circuit, verify Ohm’s law.
weights suspended from the other (right) side for Draw a graph, and obtain the slope.
effort. 12. Set up model of household wiring including ring
main circuit. Study the function of switches and
Determine the mass of a metre rule using a spring
fuses.
balance or by balancing it on a knife edge at some
point away from the middle and a 50g weight on Teachers may feel free to alter or add to the above list.
the other side. Next pivot (F) the metre rule at the The students may perform about ten experiments.
40cm, 50cm and 60cm mark, each time Some experiments may be demonstrated.
suspending a load L or the left end and effort E
near the right end. Adjust E and or its position so EVALUATION
that the rule is balanced. Tabulate the position of The practical work/project work are to be evaluated by
L, F and E and the magnitudes of L and E and the the subject teacher and by an External Examiner.
distances of load arm and effort arm. Calculate (The External Examiner may be a teacher nominated
MA=L/E and VR = effort arm/load arm. It will be by the Head of the school, who could be from the
found that MA <VR in one case, MA=VR in faculty, but not teaching the subject in the relevant
another and MA>VR in the third case. Try to section/class. For example, a teacher of Physics of
explain why this is so. Also try to calculate the real Class VIII may be deputed to be an External Examiner
load and real effort in these cases. for Class X, Physics projects.)
2. Determine the VR and MA of a given pulley The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner will
system. assess the practical work/project work independently.
3. Trace the course of different rays of light Award of Marks (20 Marks)
refracting through a rectangular glass slab at Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 10 marks
different angles of incidence, measure the angles
of incidence, refraction and emergence. Also External Examiner 10 marks
measure the lateral displacement. The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to
CISCE by the Head of the school.
4. Determine the focal length of a convex lens by (a)
the distant object method and (b) using a needle The Head of the school will be responsible for the
and a plane mirror. online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal
by the due date.

107
 SCIENCE (52)
CHEMISTRY
SCIENCE Paper - 2
Aims:
3. To acquire skills in proper handling of apparatus
1. To acquire the knowledge of terms, concepts, and chemicals.
processes, techniques and principles related to the
subject. 4. To develop scientific temper, attitude and
problem-solving skills.
2. To develop the ability to apply the knowledge of
contents and principles of chemistry in unfamiliar 5. To recognize Chemical Science as having an
situations. important impact on the environment relating to
cycles in nature; natural resources, pollution.

CLASS IX

There will be one paper of two hours duration of (ii) Relative Atomic Masses (atomic weights)
80 marks and Internal Assessment of practical work and Relative Molecular Masses (molecular
carrying 20 marks. weights): either - standard H atom or 1/12th
of carbon 12 atom.
Note: All chemical processes/reactions should be
studied with reference to the reactants, products, • Definitions
conditions, observations and the (balanced) • Calculation of Relative Molecular Mass
equations and diagrams. and percentage composition of a
compound.
1. The Language of Chemistry
(i) Symbol of an element; valency; formulae of 2. Chemical changes and reactions
radicals and formulae of compounds. (i) Types of chemical changes.
Balancing of simple chemical equations. • Direct combination
• Symbol – definition; symbols of the • Decomposition
elements used often. • Displacement;
• Valency - definition; hydrogen • Double decomposition
combination and number of valence (The above to be taught with suitable
electrons of the metals and non-metals; chemical equations as examples).
mono, di, tri and tetra valent elements.
(ii) Energy changes in a chemical change.
• Radicals – definition; formulae and
valencies. Exothermic and endothermic reactions with
examples – evolution/absorption of heat,
• Compounds – name and formulae. light and electricity.
• Chemical equation – definition and
3. Water
examples of chemical equations with
one reactant and two or three products, (i) Water as a universal solvent.
two reactants and one product, two
• Solutions as 'mixtures' of solids in
reactants and two products and two
water; saturated solutions.
reactants and three or four products;
balancing of equations. (by hit and trial • Qualitative effect of temperature on
method). solubility (e.g. solutions of calcium
sulphate, potassium nitrate and
sodium chloride in water).

108
 (ii) Hydrated and anhydrous substances. (a) Electrovalent Bond
(a) Hydrated substances: • Definition
Water of Crystallisation – meaning • Atomic orbit structure for the
and examples. formation of Electrovalent
(b) Anhydrous substances: compounds (e.g. NaCl, MgCl 2 ,
CaO);
Meaning and examples only
(c) Properties: (b) Covalent Bond

• Efflorescence • Definition

• Deliquescence • Atomic orbit structure for the

formation of Covalent molecules on
• Hygroscopy the basis of duplet and octet of
• Removal of hardness electrons (examples: hydrogen,
chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen,
(i) By boiling hydrogen chloride, water,
(ii) By addition of washing ammonia, carbon tetrachloride,
soda methane.)
(Definition and examples of each of the 5. The Periodic Table
above).
Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s law of Octaves,
(iii) Drying and Dehydrating Agents Mendeleev’s contributions; Modern Periodic
Meaning and examples only. Law, the Modern Periodic Table. (Groups and
periods)
(iv) Soft water and Hard water
• General idea of Dobereiner’s triads,
• Meaning, (in terms of action of
Newland’s law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s
soap)
periodic law.
• Advantages and disadvantages of
• Discovery of Atomic Number and its use as
soft water and hard water.
a basis for Modern Periodic law.
• Types and causes of hardness.
• Modern Periodic Table (Groups 1 to 18 and
4. Atomic Structure and Chemical bonding periods 1 to 7).
(i) Structure of an Atom, mass number and • Special reference to Alkali metals (Group 1),
atomic number, Isotopes and Octet Rule. Alkaline Earth metals (Group 2) Halogens
• Definition of an atom (Group 17) and Zero Group (Group 18).

• Constituents of an atom - nucleus 6. Study of the First Element -Hydrogen

(protons, neutrons) with associated Position of the non-metal (Hydrogen) in the
electrons; mass number, atomic periodic table and general group characteristics
number. with reference to valency electrons, burning, ion
formation applied to the above-mentioned
• Electron distribution in the orbits - 2n2
element.
rule, Octet rule. Reason for chemical
activity of an atom. (i) Hydrogen from: water, dilute acids and
alkalis.
• Definition and examples of isotopes
(hydrogen, carbon, chlorine). (a) Hydrogen from water:
(ii) Electrovalent and covalent bonding, • The action of cold water on sodium
structures of various compounds – orbit potassium and calcium.
structure

109
 • The action of hot water on 7. Study of Gas Laws
magnesium.
(i) The behaviour of gases under changes of
• The action of steam on aluminium, temperature and pressure; explanation in
zinc, and iron; (reversibility of terms of molecular motion (particles, atoms,
reaction between iron and steam). molecules); Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law;
absolute zero; gas equation; simple relevant
• The action of steam on non-metal calculations.
(carbon).
• The behaviour of gases under changes
Students can be shown the action of
of temperature and pressure;
sodium and calcium on water in the
explanation in terms of molecular
laboratory. They must be asked to
motion (particles, atoms, molecules).
make observations and write
equations for the above reactions. • Boyle’s Law: statement, mathematical
form, simple calculations.
Application of activity series for the
above-mentioned reactions. • Charles’ Law: statement,
(b) Displacement of hydrogen from dilute mathematical form, simple
acids. calculations.

The action of dilute sulphuric acid or • Absolute zero Kelvin scale of

hydrochloric acid on metals: Mg, Al, Zn temperature.
and Fe . • Gas equation P 1 V 1 / T 1 = P 2 V 2 / T 2 ;
(To understand reasons for not using simple relevant calculations based on
other metals and dilute nitric acid.) gas equation.
(c) Displacement of hydrogen from alkalis. (ii) Relationship between Kelvin scale and
Celsius Scale of temperature; Standard
The action of Alkalis ((NaOH, KOH) on temperature and pressure.
Al, Zn and Pb – unique nature of these
elements. Conversion of temperature from Celsius
Scale to Kelvin scale and vice versa.
(ii) The preparation and collection of hydrogen Standard temperature and pressure. (Simple
by a standard laboratory method other than calculations).
electrolysis.
8. Atmospheric pollution
In the laboratory preparation, the reason
for using zinc, the impurities in the gas, (a) Acid rain – composition, cause and its
their removal and the precautions in the impact.
collection of the gas must be mentioned. Sulphur in fossil fuels giving oxides of
(iii) Industrial manufacture of hydrogen by sulphur when burnt. High temperatures in
Bosch process. furnaces and internal combustion engines
produce oxides of nitrogen. (Equations to
• Main reactions and conditions. be included). Acid rain affects soil
• Separation of CO 2 and CO from chemistry and water bodies.
hydrogen.
(iv) Oxidation and reduction reactions.
Differences in terms of addition and
removal of oxygen / hydrogen.

110
 (b) Global warming: (b) washing soda, copper sulphate crystals
Greenhouse gases – their sources and ways (c) zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, lead nitrate
of reducing their presence in the
atmosphere. (d) ammonium chloride, iodine, ammonium
dichromate
(Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane
and oxides of nitrogen) Make observations, identify the products and
make deductions where possible.
(c) Ozone depletion
2. Action of dilute sulphuric acid on the following
• Formation of ozone – relevant
substances. (warm if necessary)
equations
• Function in the atmosphere. (a) a metal
• Destruction of the ozone layer – (b) a carbonate
chemicals responsible for this to be (c) a sulphide
named but reactions not required.
(d) a sulphite
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF Make observations, identify the gas evolved and
PRACTICAL WORK make deductions.
Candidates will be asked to observe the effect of 3. Apply the flame test to identify the metal in the
reagents and/or of heat on substances supplied to unknown substance.
them. The exercises will be simple and may include
the recognition and identification of certain gases (a) a sodium salt
listed below. (b) a potassium salt
Gases: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, (c) a calcium compound
Chlorine, Hydrogen chloride, Sulphur dioxide,
Hydrogen sulphide, Ammonia, Water vapour, 4. Simple experiments based on hard water and soft
Nitrogen dioxide. water – identification of hardness – simple
softening – by heating the temporary hard water,
Candidates are expected to have completed the using washing soda and advantage of using
following minimum practical work. detergents over soap in hard water.
Simple experiments on: 5. Find out the sources of pollution of water bodies
1. Action of heat on the following compounds: in the locality. Suggest preventive steps to
control it.
(a) copper carbonate, zinc carbonate

111
 CLASS X

There will be one paper of two hours duration of electricity), dissociation in solution and in
80 marks and Internal Assessment of practical work molten state to be linked with electrolysis.
carrying 20 marks.
(b) Covalent Bonding:
Note: All chemical processes/reactions should be
• Electron dot structure of covalent
studied with reference to the reactants, products,
molecules on the basis of duplet and octet
conditions, observations and the (balanced) equations
of electrons (example: hydrogen,
and diagrams.
chlorine, nitrogen, ammonia, carbon
1. Periodic Properties and variations of Properties tetrachloride, methane.
– Physical and Chemical • Polar Covalent compounds – based on
(i) Periodic properties and their variations in difference in electronegativity:
groups and periods. Examples – HCl and H 2 O including
Definitions and trends of the following structures.
periodic properties in groups and periods • Characteristic properties of Covalent
should be studied: compounds – state of existence, melting
• atomic size and boiling points, conductivity (heat and
• metallic character electricity), ionisation in solution.
• non-metallic character Comparison of Electrovalent and
• ionisation potential Covalent compounds.
• electron affinity (c) Coordinate Bonding:
• electronegativity • Definition
(ii) Periodicity on the basis of atomic number for • The lone pair effect of the oxygen atom of
elements. the water molecule and the nitrogen atom
• The study of modern periodic table up to of the ammonia molecule to explain the
period 3 (students to be exposed to the formation of H 3 O+ and OH- ions in water
complete modern periodic table but no and NH 4 + ion.
questions will be asked on elements The meaning of lone pair; the formation of
beyond period 3 – Argon); hydronium ion and ammonium ion must be
explained with the help of electron dot
• Periodicity and other related properties
diagrams.
to be explained on the basis of nuclear
charge and shells (not orbitals). 3. Study of Acids, Bases and Salts
(Special reference to the alkali metals and halogen (i) Simple definitions in terms of the molecules
groups). and their characteristic properties.
2. Chemical Bonding (ii) Ions present in mineral acids, alkalis and salts
Electrovalent, covalent and co-ordinate bonding, and their solutions; use of litmus and pH paper
structures of various compounds, Electron dot to test for acidity and alkalinity.
structure. • Examples with equation for the
(a) Electrovalent bonding: ionisation/dissociation of ions of acids,
bases and salts.
• Electron dot structure of Electrovalent
compounds NaCl, MgCl 2 , CaO. • Acids form hydronium ions (only positive
ions) which turn blue litmus red, alkalis
• Characteristic properties of electrovalent form hydroxyl ions (only negative ions)
compounds – state of existence, melting with water which turns red litmus blue.
and boiling points, conductivity (heat and

112
 • Salts are formed by partial or complete • Action on addition of Ammonium
replacement of the hydrogen ion of an acid Hydroxide to solution of Ca, Fe, Cu,
by a metal. (To be explained with suitable Zn, and Pb salts drop by drop in
examples). excess. Formation and colour of
hydroxide precipitated to be
• Introduction to pH scale to test for acidity, highlighted with the help of
neutrality and alkalinity by using pH paper equations.
or Universal indicator.
• Special action of Ammonium
(iii) Definition of salt; types of salts. Hydroxide on solutions of copper
Types of salts: normal salts, acid salt, basic salts and sodium hydroxide on
salt, definition and examples. ammonium salts.
(iv) Action of dilute acids on salts. (ii) Action of alkalis (NaOH, KOH) on certain
metals, their oxides and hydroxides.
Decomposition of hydrogen carbonates,
carbonates, sulphites and sulphides by The metals must include aluminium, zinc
appropriate acids with heating if necessary. and lead, their oxides and hydroxides,
(Relevant laboratory work must be done). which react with caustic alkalis (NaOH,
KOH), showing the amphoteric nature of
(v) Methods of preparation of Normal salts with
these substances.
relevant equations. (Details of apparatus or
procedures not required). 5. Mole Concept and Stoichiometry
Methods included are: (i) Gay Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes;
• Direct combination Avogadro’s Law.

• Displacement • Idea of mole – a number just as a dozen, a

gross (Avogadro’s number).
• Precipitation (double decomposition)
• Avogadro’s Law - statement and
• Neutralization of insoluble base explanation.
• Neutralisation of an alkali (titration) • Gay Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes.
• Action of dilute acids on carbonates and – Statement and explanation.
bi-carbonates. • Understanding molar volume- “the mass
4. Analytical Chemistry of 22.4 litres of any gas at S.T.P. is equal
to its molar mass”. (Questions will not be
(i) Action of Ammonium Hydroxide and set on formal proof but may be taught for
Sodium Hydroxide on solution of salts: clear understanding).
colour of salt and its solution; formation
and colour of hydroxide precipitated for • Simple calculations based on the molar
solutions of salts of Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb; volume and Gay Lussac’s law.
special action of ammonium hydroxide on (ii) Refer to the atomicity of hydrogen, oxygen,
solutions of copper salt and sodium
nitrogen and chlorine (proof not required).
hydroxide on ammonium salts.
On solution of salts: The explanation can be given using equations
• Colour of salt and its solution. for the formation of HCl, NH 3 , and NO.
• Action on addition of Sodium (iii) Vapour Density and its relation to relative
Hydroxide to solution of Ca, Fe, Cu, molecular mass:
Zn, and Pb salts drop by drop in
excess. Formation and colour of • Molecular mass = 2×vapour density
hydroxide precipitated to be (formal proof not required)
highlighted with the help of • Deduction of simple (empirical) and
equations. molecular formula from:

113
 (a) the percentage composition of a • Molten lead bromide
compound.
• acidified water with platinum electrodes
(b) the masses of combining elements.
• Aqueous copper (II) sulphate with copper
(iv) Mole and its relation to mass. electrodes; electron transfer at the
• Relating mole and atomic mass; arriving electrodes.
at gram atomic mass and then gram The above electrolytic processes can be
atom; atomic mass is a number dealing studied in terms of electrolyte used,
with one atom; gram atomic mass is the electrodes used, ionization reaction, anode
mass of one mole of atoms. reaction, cathode reaction, use of selective
• Relating mole and molecular mass discharge theory, wherever applicable.
arriving at gram molecular mass and (v) Applications of electrolysis.
gram molecule – molecular mass is a
number dealing with a molecule, gram • Electroplating with nickel and silver,
molecular mass is the mass of one mole choice of electrolyte for electroplating.
of molecules. • Electro refining of copper.
• Simple calculations based on relation of Reasons and conditions for electroplating;
mole to mass, volume and Avogadro’s names of the electrolytes and the electrodes
number. used should be given. Equations for the
(v) Simple calculations based on chemical reactions at the electrodes should be given
equations for electroplating, refining of copper.

Related to weight and/or volumes of both 7. Metallurgy

reactants and products. (i) Occurrence of metals in nature:
6. Electrolysis • Mineral and ore - Meaning only.
(i) Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. • Common ores of iron, aluminium and
Definitions and examples. zinc.
(ii) Substances containing molecules only, ions (ii) Stages involved in the extraction of metals.
only, both molecules and ions. (a) Dressing of the ore – hydrolytic method,
• Substances containing molecules only magnetic separation, froth flotation
ions only, both molecules and ions. method.

• Examples; relating their composition with (b) Conversion of concentrated ore to its
their behaviour as strong and weak oxide- roasting and calcination
electrolytes as well as non-electrolytes. (definition, examples with equations).

(iii) Definition and explanation of electrolysis, (c) Reduction of metallic oxides- some can be
electrolyte, electrode, anode, cathode, anion, reduced by hydrogen, carbon and carbon
cation, oxidation and reduction (on the basis monoxide (e.g. copper oxide, lead (II)
of loss and gain of electrons). oxide, iron (III) oxide and zinc oxide) and
some cannot (e.g. Al 2 O 3 , MgO) - refer to
(iv) An elementary study of the migration of ions, activity series). Active metals by
with reference to the factors influencing electrolysis e.g. sodium, potassium and
selective discharge of ions (reference should calcium. (reference only).
be made to the activity series as indicating the
tendency of metals, e.g. Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, to Equations with conditions should be
form ions) illustrated by the electrolysis of: given.
(d) Electro refining – reference only.

114
 (iii) Extraction of Aluminium. decomposition of carbonates, hydrogen
carbonates, sulphides, sulphites.
(a) Chemical method for purifying bauxite by
using NaOH – Baeyer’s Process. • Precipitation reactions with silver nitrate
solution and lead nitrate solution.
(b) Electrolytic extraction – Hall Heroult’s
process: B. Ammonia
Structure of electrolytic cell - the Ammonia: its laboratory preparation from
various components as part of the ammonium chloride and collection; ammonia
electrolyte, electrodes and electrode from nitrides like Mg 3 N 2 and AlN and
reactions. ammonium salts. Manufacture by Haber’s
Process; density and solubility of ammonia
Description of the changes occurring, (fountain experiment); aqueous solution of
purpose of the substances used and the ammonia; its reactions with hydrogen chloride
main reactions with their equations. and with hot copper (II) oxide and chlorine;
(iv) Alloys – composition and uses. the burning of ammonia in oxygen; uses of
ammonia.
Stainless steel, duralumin, brass, bronze, fuse
metal / solder. • Laboratory preparation from ammonium
chloride and collection; (the preparation
8. Study of Compounds to be studied in terms of, setting of the
A. Hydrogen Chloride apparatus and diagram, procedure,
observation, collection and identification)
Hydrogen chloride: preparation of hydrogen
chloride from sodium chloride; refer to the • Ammonia from nitrides like Mg 3 N 2 and
density and solubility of hydrogen chloride AlN using warm water.
(fountain experiment); reaction with Ammonia from ammonium salts using
ammonia; acidic properties of its solution. alkalies.
• Preparation of hydrogen chloride from The reactions to be studied in terms of
sodium chloride; the laboratory method reactants, products, conditions and
of preparation can be learnt in terms of equations.
reactants, product, condition, equation, • Manufacture by Haber’s Process.
diagram or setting of the apparatus,
procedure, observation, precaution, • Density and solubility of ammonia
collection of the gas and identification. (fountain experiment).
• The burning of ammonia in oxygen.
• Simple experiment to show the density of
the gas (Hydrogen Chloride) –heavier • The catalytic oxidation of ammonia
than air. (with conditions and reaction)
• Solubility of hydrogen chloride (fountain • Its reactions with hydrogen chloride and
experiment); setting of the apparatus, with hot copper (II) oxide and chlorine
procedure, observation, inference. (both chlorine in excess and ammonia in
excess).
• Method of preparation of hydrochloric
acid by dissolving the gas in water- the All these reactions may be studied in terms of
special arrangement and the mechanism reactants, products, conditions, equations
by which the back suction is avoided and observations.
should be learnt. • Aqueous solution of ammonia - reaction
• Reaction with ammonia with sulphuric acid, nitric acid,
hydrochloric acid and solutions of
• Acidic properties of its solution - reaction
iron(III) chloride, iron(II) sulphate, lead
with metals, their oxides, hydroxides and
nitrate, zinc nitrate and copper sulphate.
carbonates to give their chlorides;

115
 • Uses of ammonia - manufacture of • Non-volatile nature of sulphuric acid -
fertilizers, explosives, nitric acid, reaction with sodium or potassium
refrigerant gas (Chlorofluro carbon – and chloride and sodium or potassium nitrate.
its suitable alternatives which are non-
9. Organic Chemistry
ozone depleting), and cleansing agents.
(i) Introduction to Organic compounds.
C. Nitric Acid
• Unique nature of Carbon atom – tetra
Nitric Acid: one laboratory method of
valency, catenation.
preparation of nitric acid from potassium
nitrate or sodium nitrate. Large scale • Formation of single, double and triple
preparation. Nitric acid as an oxidizing agent. bonds, straight chain, branched chain,
cyclic compounds (only benzene).
• Laboratory preparation of nitric acid
from potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate; (ii) Structure and Isomerism.
the laboratory method to be studied in
terms of reactants, products, conditions, • Structure of compounds with single,
equations, setting up of apparatus, double and triple bonds.
diagram, precautions, collection and • Structural formulae of hydrocarbons.
identification. Structural formula must be given for:
• Manufacture of Nitric acid by Ostwald’s alkanes, alkenes, alkynes up to 5 carbon
process (Only equations with conditions atoms.
where applicable).
• Isomerism – structural (chain, position)
• As an oxidising agent: its reaction with
(iii) Homologous series – characteristics with
copper, carbon, sulphur.
examples.
D. Sulphuric Acid
Alkane, alkene, alkyne series and their
Large scale preparation, its behaviour as an gradation in properties and the relationship
acid when dilute, as an oxidizing agent when with the molecular mass or molecular
concentrated - oxidation of carbon and formula.
sulphur; as a dehydrating agent - dehydration
(iv) Simple nomenclature.
of sugar and copper (II) sulphate crystals; its
non-volatile nature. Simple nomenclature of the hydrocarbons
with simple functional groups – (double bond,
• Manufacture by Contact Process triple bond, alcoholic, aldehydic, carboxylic
Equations with conditions where group) longest chain rule and smallest
applicable). number for functional groups rule – trivial
• Its behaviour as an acid when dilute - and IUPAC names (compounds with only one
reaction with metal, metal oxide, metal functional group).
hydroxide, metal carbonate, metal (v) Hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes.
bicarbonate, metal sulphite, metal
sulphide. • Alkanes - general formula; methane
(greenhouse gas) and ethane - methods of
• Concentrated sulphuric acid as an preparation from sodium ethanoate
oxidizing agent - the oxidation of carbon (sodium acetate), sodium propanoate
and sulphur. (sodium propionate), from iodomethane
• Concentrated sulphuric acid as a (methyl iodide) and bromoethane (ethyl
dehydrating agent- (a) the dehydration of bromide). Complete combustion of
sugar (b) Copper (II) sulphate crystals. methane and ethane, reaction of methane
and ethane with chlorine through
substitution.

116
 • Alkenes – (unsaturated hydrocarbons INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF
with a double bond); ethene as an PRACTICAL WORK
example. Methods of preparation of
Candidates will be asked to observe the effect of
ethene by dehydro halogenation reaction
ragents and/or of heat on substances supplied to them.
and dehydration reactions.
The exercises will be simple and may include the
• Alkynes - (unsaturated hydrocarbons with recognition and identification of certain gases and ions
a triple bond); ethyne as an example of listed below. The examiners will not, however, be
alkyne; Methods of preparation from restricted in their choice to substances containing the
calcium carbide and 1,2 dibromoethane listed ions.
ethylene dibromide).
Gases: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Chlorine,
Only main properties, particularly addition Hydrogen chloride, Sulphur dioxide, Hydrogen
products with hydrogen and halogen namely sulphide, Ammonia, Water vapour, Nitrogen dioxide.
Cl 2 , Br 2 and I 2 pertaining to alkenes and
alkynes. Ions: Calcium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Zinc and
Ammonium, Carbonate, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphide,
• Uses of methane, ethane, ethene, ethyne. Sulphite and Sulphate.
(vi) Alcohols: ethanol – preparation, properties Knowledge of a formal scheme of analysis is not
and uses. required. Semi-micro techniques are acceptable but
• Preparation of ethanol by hydrolysis of candidates using such techniques may need to adapt
alkyl halide. the instructions given to suit the size of the apparatus
being used.
• Properties – Physical: Nature, Solubility,
Density, Boiling Points. Chemical: Candidates are expected to have completed the
Combustion, action with sodium, ester following minimum practical work:
formation with acetic acid, dehydration 1. Action of heat on the following substances:
with conc. Sulphuric acid to prepare
ethene. (a) Copper carbonate, zinc carbonate
• Denatured and spurious alcohol. (b) zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, lead nitrate

• Important uses of Ethanol. Make observations, identify the products and

make deductions where possible (equations not
(vii) Carboxylic acids (aliphatic - mono carboxylic required).
acid): Acetic acid – properties and uses of
acetic acid. 2. Make a solution of the unknown substance: add
sodium hydroxide solution or ammonium
• Structure of acetic acid. hydroxide solution, make observations and give
• Properties of Acetic Acid: Physical your deduction. Warming the mixture may be
properties – odour (vinegar), glacial acetic needed. Choose from substances containing Ca2+,
acid (effect of sufficient cooling to produce Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, NH 4 +.
ice like crystals). Chemical properties – 3. Supply a solution of a dilute acid and alkali.
action with litmus, alkalis and alcohol (idea Determine which is acidic and which is basic,
of esterification).
giving two tests for each.
• Uses of acetic acid. 4. Add concentrated hydrochloric acid to each of
the given substances, warm, make observations,
identify any product and make deductions: (a)
copper oxide (b) manganese dioxide.

117
EVALUATION Award of Marks (20 Marks)
The assignments/project work are to be evaluated by Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 10 marks
the subject teacher and by an External Examiner. (The External Examiner 10 marks
External Examiner may be a teacher nominated by the
The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to
Head of the school, who could be from the faculty, but
CISCE by the Head of the school.
not teaching the subject in the section/class. For
example, a teacher of Chemistry of Class VIII may be The Head of the school will be responsible for the
deputed to be an External Examiner for Class X online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal
by the due date.
Chemistry projects.)
The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner will
assess the assignments independently.

NOTE: According to the recommendation of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC),
the groups are numbered from 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups IA …. VIIA, VIII, IB …… VIIB
and 0. However, for the examination both notations will be accepted.
Old IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIII IB IIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 0
notation
New 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
notation

118
 SCIENCE (52)
BIOLOGY

SCIENCE Paper - 3
Aims:
1. To acquire the knowledge of the economic 4. of the significance of life and its importance in
importance of plants and animals. human welfare.
2. To develop an understanding of the 5. To understand the capacities and limitations of
inter-relationship between sustainability and all the biological and economic activities so as to
environmental adaptations. be able to use them for a better quality of life.
3. To develop an understanding of the 6. To acquire the ability to observe, experiment,
interdependence of plants and animals so as to hypothesize, infer, handle equipment accurately
enable pupils to acquire a clearer comprehension and make correct recordings.
CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration of 2. Flowering Plants
80 marks and Internal Assessment of Practical Work (i) Flower: Structure of a bisexual flower,
carrying 20 marks. functions of various parts.
1. Basic Biology • A brief introduction to complete and
incomplete flowers.
(i) The cell, a unit of life, protoplasm, basic
• Essential and non-essential whorls of a
difference between prokaryotic and
bisexual flower; their various parts and
eukaryotic cell; differences between an
functions.
animal and a plant cell.
• Inflorescence and placentation (meaning
• A basic understanding of the cell theory, only)
structure of plant and animal cell with
functions of various cell organelles. (Charts or actual specimens may be used to
(Protoplasm, Cytoplasm, Cell Wall, Cell help enhance clarity of concepts.)
Membrane, Nucleus, Nucleolus, (ii) Pollination: self and cross-pollination.
Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, • Explanation, advantages and
Ribosome, Golgi bodies, Plastids, disadvantages of self and cross-
Lysosomes, Centrosome and Vacuole). pollination.
• Major differences between a prokaryotic • Agents of pollination and the
and eukaryotic cell. characteristic features of flowers
• Differences between a plant cell and an pollinated by various agents such as
animal cell should be mainly discussed insects, wind, and water.
with respect to cell wall, centrosome, • A brief idea as to how nature favours
vacuoles and plastids. cross pollination.
(ii) Fertilisation.
(ii) Tissues: Types of plant and animal tissues. • Events taking place between pollination
• A brief understanding of their location, and fertilisation leading to the formation
basic structure and functions with of zygote in the embryo sac.
examples.
• A brief explanation of the terms double
• A brief understanding of their role in fertilization and triple fusion.
different physiological processes in
plants and animals.

119
 • Fruit and Seed - definition and • Agriculture: nitrogen cycle (role of
significance. nitrogen fixing, nitrifying and
denitrifying bacteria)
3. Plant Physiology
(i) Structure of dicot and monocot seeds, • Industry -curing of tea, tanning of
Germination of seeds, types, and conditions leather.
for seed germination. (b) Harmful role of bacteria - spoilage of
food, diseases in plants and animals,
• Structure and germination of Bean seed
bio-weapons.
and Maize grain.
(iii) Economic importance of Fungi.
• Differences between monocot and dicot
seeds. A brief idea of the useful role of Fungi in
breweries, bakeries, cheese processing, and
• Differences between hypogeal and epigeal mushroom cultivation. (Processes of
germination. manufacture are not required).
• Conditions for seed germination - To be 5. Human Anatomy and Physiology
explained and supported by experiments.
(a) Nutrition:
(ii) Respiration in plants: outline of the process,
gaseous exchange. (i) Classes of food; balanced diet.
Malnutrition and deficiency diseases.
• A brief outline of the process mentioning
the terms Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and • Functions of carbohydrates, fats,
their significance. proteins, mineral salts (calcium,
iodine, iron and sodium), vitamins
• A reference to be made to aerobic and and water in proper functioning of
anaerobic respiration with chemical the body.
equations in each case.
• Sources of vitamins, their functions
• Experiments on gaseous exchange and and deficiency diseases.
on heat production.
• Meaning and importance of a
4. Diversity in living organisms ‘Balanced Diet’.
(i) A brief outline of the five Kingdom • Role of cellulose in our diet.
classification.
• Causes, symptoms and prevention of
• Main characteristics of each kingdom Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.
with suitable examples:
(ii) The structure of a tooth, different types
- Monera, Protista, Fungi. of teeth.
- Plantae - Thallophyta, Bryophyta,
• Structure of a tooth to be discussed
Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta.
with the help of a diagram.
• Animalia - non-chordates from Porifera
• Functions of different types of teeth.
to Echinodermata and Chordates - all
five Classes. • Dental formula of an adult.
(ii) Economic importance of Bacteria. (iii)Digestive System: Organs, digestive
glands and their functions (including
(a) Useful role of bacteria:
enzymes and their functions in digestion,
• Medicine: antibiotics, serums and absorption and assimilation of digested
vaccines food).
• Organs and glands of the digestive
system and their functions with

120
 reference to digestion, absorption and 6. Health and Hygiene
assimilation.
(i) A brief introduction to maintaining good
• brief idea of peristalsis. health.
(b) Skeleton - Movement and Locomotion. General idea of personal hygiene, public
hygiene and sanitation.
• Functions of human skeleton
(ii) A brief introduction to communicable,
• Axial and Appendicular Skeleton non-communicable, endemic, epidemic,
• Types of joints with reference to their pandemic and sporadic diseases; modes of
location: transmission.
- immovable joints • Meaning of each of the above with
examples.
- slightly movable joints
• Modes of transmission: air borne, water
- freely movable (hinge joint, ball and
borne; vectors (housefly, mosquito,
socket joint, gliding joint, pivot joint.) cockroach).
(c) Structure and functions of skin. (iii) Bacterial, Viral, Protozoan, Helminthic
diseases:
• Various parts of the skin and their
functions. • Bacterial: Cholera, typhoid,
tuberculosis.
• Special derivatives of the skin with
reference to sweat glands, sebaceous • Viral: AIDS, Chicken pox, Hepatitis.
glands, hair, nails and mammary glands.
• Protozoan: Malaria, Amoebic
• Heat regulation - vasodilation and Dysentery, Sleeping sickness.
vasoconstriction.
• Helminthic: Ascariasis, Taeniasis,
(d) Respiratory System: Organs; mechanism of Filiariasis.
breathing; tissue respiration, heat production.
(symptoms and measures to control the
• Structures of the respiratory system. above diseases.)
• Differences between anaerobic respiration in (Scientific names of causative agents not
plants and in man. required).
• Role of diaphragm and intercostal muscles in (iv) Aids to Health: Active and passive immunity.
breathing to provide a clear idea of the • Meaning of Active and passive immunity.
breathing process.
• An understanding of the use and action
• Brief idea of gaseous transport and tissue of the following – vaccination,
respiration. immunization, antitoxin, serum,
• Brief understanding of respiratory volumes. antiseptics, disinfectants, antibiotics.
• Effect of altitude on breathing; asphyxiation • An idea of the local defense system and
and hypoxia. its merits, difference between antiseptics
and disinfectants.
(v) Health Organisations: Red Cross, WHO.
Major activities of the Red Cross and WHO.

121
7. Waste generation and management (iii) Specimens of germinating seeds with plumule
and radicle (the bean seed and maize grain) for
(a) Sources of waste - domestic, industrial,
examination, identification, drawing and
agricultural, commercial and other
labelling the parts.
establishments.
ANIMAL LIFE
• Domestic waste: paper, glass, plastic,
rags, kitchen waste, etc. (i) The examination of a human cheek cell under
the microscope to study various parts of the cell.
• Industrial: mining operations, cement
factories, oil refineries, construction units. (ii) Identification of sugar, starch, protein and fat.
through conduct of relevant tests.
• Agricultural: plant remains, animal
waste, processing waste. (iii) Examination and identification of specimens
belonging to the following groups of animals:
• Municipal sewage: Sewage, degradable
and non-degradable waste from offices, Non-Chordata - Porifera, Coelenterata,
etc. Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes Annelida,
Arthropoda. Mollusca and Echinodermata.
• e-waste: brief idea about e-waste.
Chordata- Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves,
(b) Methods of safe disposal of waste. Mammalia.
• Segregation, dumping, composting, Identification of the structure of the following
drainage, treatment of effluents before organs through specimens/models and charts:
discharge, incineration, use of scrubbers Lung and skin.
and electrostatic precipitators.
(iv)Experiments to show the mechanism of
• Segregation of domestic waste into breathing.
biodegradable and non-biodegradable by
Bell jar experiment should be discussed.
households: garden waste to be converted
Comparison should be made with the human
to compost; sewage treatment plants.
lungs and respiratory tract to show the
mechanism of breathing.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF
(v) Visit a few establishments in the locality such as
PRACTICAL WORK motor repair workshops, kilns, pottery making
The practical work is designed to test the ability of units, fish and vegetable markets, restaurants,
the candidates to make accurate observations from dyeing units. Find out the types of wastes and
specimens of plants and animals. methods prevalent for their disposal. On the
basis of the information collected prepare a
PLANT LIFE
report, suggest measures to improve the
(i) The examination of an onion peel under the environmental conditions.
microscope to study various parts of the cell.
(vi)Visit a water treatment plant, sewage treatment
(ii) A cross-pollinated flower to be examined and plant or garbage dumping or vermicomposting
identified and the parts to be studied and labelled sites in the locality and study their working.
e.g. Hibiscus.

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 CLASS X

There will be one paper of two hours duration of 2. Plant Physiology

80 marks and Internal Assessment of practical work (i) Absorption by roots, imbibition, diffusion
carrying 20 marks. and osmosis; osmotic pressure, root pressure;
1. Basic Biology turgidity and flaccidity; plasmolysis and
deplasmolysis; the absorption of water and
(i) Cell Cycle and Cell Division.
minerals; active and passive transport (in
Cell cycle – Interphase (G 1 , S, G 2 ) and brief); The rise of water up to the xylem;
Mitotic phase. Forces responsible for ascent of sap.
Cell Division: • Understanding of the processes related
• Mitosis and its stages. to absorption of water by the roots.
• A basic understanding of Meiosis as a • Characteristics of roots, which make
reduction division (stages not required). them suitable for absorbing water.
• A brief idea of homologous chromosomes • Structure of a single full-grown root
and crossing over leading to variations. hair.
• Significance and major differences
• A general idea of Cohesive, Adhesive
between mitotic and meiotic division.
forces and transpirational pull.
(ii) Structure of chromosome.
• Experiments to show the conduction of
Basic structure of chromosome with water through the xylem.
elementary understanding of terms such as
chromatin, chromatid, gene structure of DNA (ii) Transpiration - process and significance.
and centromere. Ganong’s potometer and its limitations. The
(iii) Genetics: Mendel’s laws of inheritance and factors affecting rate of transpiration.
sex-linked inheritance of diseases. Experiments on transpiration. A brief idea of
guttation and bleeding.
• The three laws of Mendel.
• Concept of transpiration and its
• Monohybrid cross – phenotype and
importance to plants
genotype.
• Dihybrid cross – Only phenotype. • Experiments related to transpiration:
• The following terms to be covered: gene, (a) Loss in weight of a potted plant or a
allele, heterozygous, homozygous, leafy shoot in a test tube as a result
dominant, recessive, mutation, variation, of transpiration.
phenotype, genotype.
(b) Use of cobalt chloride paper to
• Sex determination in human beings. demonstrate unequal rate of
Sex linked inheritance of diseases to transpiration in a dorsiventral leaf.
include only X-linked like haemophilia
• Mechanism of stomatal transpiration on
and colour blindness.
the basis of potassium ion exchange
theory.
• Adaptations in plants to reduce
transpiration.
• A brief idea of guttation and bleeding.

123
(iii) Photosynthesis: the process and its 3. Human Anatomy and Physiology
importance to life in general; experiments to
(i) Circulatory System: Blood and lymph, the
show the necessity of light, carbon dioxide,
structure and working of the heart, blood
chlorophyll, formation of starch and release
vessels, circulation of blood (only names of
of oxygen; carbon cycle.
.
the main blood vessels entering and leaving
The process and significance of the heart, liver and kidney will be required).
Photosynthesis. Lymphatic system.
• The internal structure of chloroplast to • Composition of blood (structure and
be explained to give an idea of the site of functions of RBC, WBC and platelets).
light and dark reactions.
• Brief idea of tissue fluid and lymph.
• Opening and closing of stomata based on
• Increase in efficiency of mammalian red
potassium ion exchange theory.
blood cells due to absence of certain
• Overall balanced chemical equation to organelles; reasons for the same.
represent photosynthesis.
• A brief idea of blood coagulation.
• Introduction of the terms
• Structure and working of the heart along
"photochemical" for light phase and
with names of the main blood vessels
"biosynthetic" for dark phases.
entering and leaving the heart, the liver
• Light reaction - activation of chlorophyll and the kidney.
followed by photolysis of water, release
• Concept of systole and diastole; concept
of O2 , formation of ATP
of double circulation.
(photophosphorylation) and NADPH.
• Brief idea of pulse and blood pressure.
• Dark reaction - only combination of
hydrogen released by NADP with CO 2 to • Blood vessels: artery, vein and capillary
form glucose. (detailed equations are not to be explained with the help of diagrams
required). to bring out the relationship between
their structure and function.
• Adaptations in plants for photosynthesis.
• Brief idea of the lymphatic organs:
• Experiments with regard to the factors
spleen and tonsils.
essential for photosynthesis; emphasis on
destarching and the steps involved in • ABO blood group system, Rh factor.
starch test.
• Significance of the hepatic portal system.
• A diagrammatic representation of
“carbon cycle”.
(ii) Excretory System: A brief introduction to the
(iv) Chemical coordination in Plants: A general excretory organs; parts of the urinary system;
study of plant growth regulators; Tropic structure and function of the kidneys; blood
movements in plants. vessels associated with kidneys; structure and
function of nephron
• A brief idea of the physiological effects of
Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, • A brief idea of different excretory organs
Abscisic acid and Ethylene in regulating in the human body.
the growth of plants.
• External and internal structure of the
• A basic understanding of the tropic kidney;
movements in plants with reference
to – Phototropism, Geotropism, • Parts of the urinary system along with
Hydrotropism, Thigmotropism and the blood vessels entering and leaving
Chemotropism (supported with suitable the kidney; functions of various parts of
examples). the urinary system (emphasis on diagram
with correct labelling). A general idea of
the structure of a kidney tubule/ nephron.

124
 • A brief idea of ultra-filtration (emphasis (iv) Endocrine System: General study of the
on the diagram of malpighian capsule); following glands: Adrenal, Pancreas, Thyroid
selective reabsorption and tubular and Pituitary. Endocrine and Exocrine
secretion in relation to the composition glands.
of blood plasma and urine formed. • Differences between Endocrine and
(iii)Nervous system: Structure of Neuron; central, Exocrine glands.
autonomous and peripheral nervous system • Exact location and shape of the
(in brief); brain and spinal cord; reflex action endocrine glands in the human body.
and how it differs from voluntary action.
• Hormones secreted by the following
Sense organs – Eye: Structure, functions, glands: Pancreas: insulin and glucagon;
defects and corrective measures: Ear: Parts Thyroid: only thyroxin; Adrenal gland:
and functions of the ear. Cortical hormones and adrenaline;
• Parts of a neuron. Pituitary: growth hormone, tropic
• Various parts of the external structure of hormones, ADH and oxytocin.
the brain and its primary parts: Medulla • Effects of hypo secretion and hyper
Oblongata, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, secretion of hormones.
Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Pons; • A brief idea of Feedback mechanism with
their functions. reference to TSH.
• Reference to the distribution of white and (v) The Reproductive System: Organs,
gray matter in Brain and Spinal cord. fertilisation functions of placenta in the
• Voluntary and involuntary actions – growth of the embryo Menstrual cycle.
meaning with examples. • Functions of Male and Female
• Diagrammatic explanation of the reflex reproductive organs and male accessory
arc, showing the pathway from receptor glands. An idea of secondary sexual
to effector. characters.
• A brief idea of the peripheral and • Structure and functions of the various
autonomic nervous system in regulating parts of the sperm and egg.
body activities. • Explanation of the terms: Fertilization,
• Differences between natural and implantation, placenta, gestation and
acquired reflex. parturition.
• External and Internal structure and • A brief idea of the role of placenta in
functions of the Eye and Ear and their nutrition, respiration and excretion of the
various parts. embryo; its endocrinal function.
• A brief idea of stereoscopic vision, • Functions of Foetal membranes and
adaptation and accommodation of eye. amniotic fluid.
• Defects of the eye (myopia, hyperopia • Menstrual cycle outline of menstrual
hypermetropia, presbyopia, astigmatism cycle.
and cataract) and corrective measures • Role of Sex hormones: Testosterone,
(diagrams included for myopia and Oestrogen and Progesterone in
hyperopia only) reproduction.
• The course of perception of sound in • Identical and fraternal twins: meaning
human ear. and differences only.
• Role of ear in maintaining balance of the
body.

125
4. Population 6. Pollution
Population explosion in India; need for adopting (i) Types and sources of pollution; major
control measures - population control. pollutants.
• Main reasons for the sharp rise in human • Air: Vehicular, industrial, burning
garbage, brick kilns.
population in India and in the world.
• Water: Household detergents,
• A brief explanation of the terms: sewage, industrial waste, oil spills.
demography, population density, birth rate,
• Thermal pollution.
death rate and growth rate of population.
• Soil: Industrial waste, urban
• Problems faced due to population explosion: commercial and domestic waste,
unemployment, over exploitation of natural chemical fertilizers.
resources, low per capita income, price rise, • Biomedical waste – used and
pollution, unequal distribution of wealth. discarded needles, syringes, soiled
• Methods of population control: Surgical dressings etc.
methods – Tubectomy and vasectomy. • Radiation: X-rays; radioactive fallout
from nuclear plants.
5. Human Evolution • Noise: Motor Vehicles, Industrial
Basic introduction to Human evolution and establishments, Construction Sites,
Theories of evolution: Lamarck’s theory of Loudspeakers etc.
inheritance; Darwin’s theory of evolution by (ii) Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable
natural selection. wastes
• A brief idea of human ancestors – Biodegradable wastes: meaning and
Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo example; paper, vegetable peels, etc.
erectus, Neanderthals, Cro-Magnon and Non-biodegradable wastes: meaning and
Homo sapiens sapiens (Modern Man) with example; plastics, glass, Styrofoam etc.
reference to the following characteristics: Pesticides like DDT etc.
(iii)Effects of pollution on climate,
- Bipedalism
environment, human health and other
- Increasing Cranial capacity organisms; control measures.
- Reduction of size of canine teeth • Brief explanation of: Greenhouse effect
and Global warming, Acid rain, Ozone
- Forehead and brow ridges layer depletion.
- Development of chin • Measures to control pollution:
- Reduction in body hair - Use of unleaded petrol / CNG in
automobiles
- Height and Posture
- Switching of engines at traffic signal
• Lamarck’s theory of inheritance of acquired lights
characteristics – with reference to use of - Social forestry
organs (e.g.: neck and forelimbs of giraffe) - Setting of sewage treatment plants
and disuse of organs (e.g.: vestigial organs - Ban on polythene and plastics
in humans like wisdom teeth, vermiform - Organic farming
appendix, pinnae). - Euro Bharat vehicular standard.
(A brief idea of the above measures)
• Darwin’s theory of Natural selection:
Survival of the fittest - e.g. adaptation of • A brief mention of “Swachh Bharat
peppered moth. Abhiyan”- A national campaign for
Clean India.

126
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF (ii) The identification of different types of blood cells
PRACTICAL WORK under a microscope.
The practical work is designed to test the ability of (iii) Identification of the internal structure of the Ear
the candidates to make an accurate observation from and Eye (Through models and charts).
specimens of plants and animals. (iv) Identification and location of selected endocrine
glands: Adrenal, Pancreas, Thyroid and Pituitary
PLANT LIFE glands with the help of a model or chart.
(i) Observation of permanent slides of stages of
mitosis. EVALUATION
(ii) Experiments demonstrating:
The practical work/project work are to be evaluated
• Diffusion: using potassium permanganate in by the subject teacher and by an External Examiner.
water. (The External Examiner may be a teacher nominated
• Osmosis: Thistle Funnel experiment and by the Head of the school, who could be from the
potato osmoscope. faculty, but not teaching the subject in the relevant
• Absorption: using a small herbaceous plant. section/class. For example, a teacher of Biology of
(iii) Experiments on Transpiration: Class VIII may be deputed to be an External
Examiner for Class X, Biology projects.)
• demonstration of the process using a Bell Jar.
• demonstration of unequal transpiration in a The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner
dorsiventral leaf using cobalt chloride paper. will assess the practical work/project work
• demonstration of uptake of water and the rate independently.
of transpiration using Ganong’s potometer. Award of marks (20 Marks)
(iv) Experiments on Photosynthesis:
Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 10 marks
• to show the necessity of light, carbon dioxide
and chlorophyll for photosynthesis. External Examiner 10 marks

• to show the release of O 2 during The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to
photosynthesis using hydrilla / elodea. CISCE by the Head of the school.

ANIMAL LIFE The Head of the school will be responsible for the
online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal
(i) Identification of the structures of the urinary by the due date.
system, heart and kidney (internal structure) and
brain (external view) through models and charts

127
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE - GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES
Criteria Preparation Procedure/ Testing Observation Inference/ Results Presentation

Grade I Follows instructions (written, Analyses problem Records Processes data without Presentation is accurate
(4 marks) oral, diagrammatic) with systematically. data/observations format. Recognises and and good. Appropriate
understanding; modifies if Recognises a number of without being given a comments upon sources of techniques are well
needed. Familiarity with and variables and attempts to format. Comments error. used.
safe use of apparatus, materials, control them to build a upon, recognises use Can deal with unexpected
techniques. logical plan of of instruments, degree results, suggesting
investigation. of accuracy. modifications.
Recording is
systematic.
Grade II Follows instructions to perform Specifies sequence of Makes relevant Processes data appropriately Presentation is
(3 marks) experiment with step-by-step operation; gives reasons observations. No as per a given format. Draws adequate. Appropriate
operations. Awareness of for any change in assistance is needed qualitative conclusions techniques are used.
safety. Familiarity with procedure. Can deal with for recording format consistent with required
apparatus, materials and two variables, controlling that is appropriate. results.
techniques. one.
Grade III Follows instructions to perform Develops simple Detailed instructions Processes data approximately Presentation is
(2 marks) a single operation at a time. experimental strategy. needed to record with a detailed format reasonable, but
Safety awareness. Familiarity Trial and error observations. Format provided. Draws disorganised in some
with apparatus & materials. modifications made to required to record observations qualitative places. Overwriting;
proceed with the results. conclusions as required. rough work is untidy.
experiment.
Grade IV Follows some instructions to Struggles through the Format required to Even when detailed format is Presentation is poor and
(1 mark) perform a single practical experiment. Follows very record observations/ provided, struggles or makes disorganised but
operation. Casual about safety. obvious experimental readings but tends to errors while processing data. follows an acceptable
Manages to use apparatus & strategy. make mistakes in Reaches conclusions with sequence. Rough work
materials. recording. help. missing or untidy.
Grade V Not able to follow instructions Cannot proceed with the Even when format is Cannot process results, nor Presentation
(0 marks) or proceed with practical work experiment without help given, recording is draw conclusions, even with unacceptable;
without full assistance. from time to time. faulty or irrelevant. considerable help. disorganised, untidy/
Unaware of safety. poor. Rough work
missing.

128
 ECONOMICS (64)
Candidates offering Economic Applications in (Group III) are not eligible to offer Economics (Group II)
Aims: 3. To acquire knowledge of contemporary economic
1. To acquire the knowledge of terms, facts, problems and to appreciate the efforts being made
concepts, trends, principles, assumptions, etc. in to solve these problems.
Economics. 4 To develop an understanding of the Nation’s
2. To develop familiarity with the basic terminology physical and human resources and how to avoid
and elementary ideas of Economics. their misuse.
5. To understand the various economic processes
that help in improving our standard of living.

CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration (iii) Economic growth and development.
carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 Meaning and differences.
marks.
3. Problems of an Economy
1. Introduction to Economics
(i) Limited availability of Resources.
(i) Definition of Economics according to Adams,
Robbins, Keynes and Samuelson. Meaning and types of resources with
Self-explanatory. examples; meaning and examples of limited
resources; an understanding of the basic
(ii) Micro & Macro Economics.
economic problem - Human wants are
Meaning, difference and examples only.
unlimited in relation to limited resources that
(iii) Types of activities. have alternative uses; need for efficient use of
Economic and non-economic activities: resources (brief understanding with an
meaning and examples; difference between example.)
Economic and non-economic activities.
(ii) Central problems of an economy.
(iv) Sectors in an Economy.
What to produce? How to produce? For whom
Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors: to produce? - A brief understanding with
meaning and examples along with; examples.
differences.
(v) Basic Economic terms. 4. The Indian Economy: A Study
Meaning of the following economic terms: (i) Primary Sector: Agriculture - contribution of
Wants, Goods, services, wealth, utility, agriculture; problems of Indian agriculture;
production, consumption, sustainable government measures to increase agricultural
consumption, factors of production, market, production; Green revolution and its impact;
price, value, income, saving, wealth, welfare, food security.
economy. (a) Agriculture and allied activities:
(vi) Entities. meaning; contribution of agriculture to
Government sectors, firms, households, employment, industry, trade and self-
foreign sector: meaning only. sufficiency in food production: a brief
understanding of the above.
2. Types of Economies
(b) Problems of Indian Agriculture: a brief
(i) On the basis of Nature. understanding of: limited use of
Capitalist Economy, Socialist Economy, technology, fragmentation of land
Mixed Economy – with reference to India holdings, dependence on monsoon, lack of
(meaning and differences). rural credit facilities, inadequate storage
(ii) On the basis of Development. & marketing facilities.
(c) Government measures to improve
Developed Economy and Developing
agricultural production: Use of High
Economy: meaning and differences.
Yielding variety seeds, use of fertiliser

129
 and insecticides, Better irrigation Causes of unemployment- any five to be
facilities, Adoption of technology, Setting discussed.
up of agricultural research centres and (iii) Schemes and Programmes introduced by the
institutes, Provision & expansion of rural government to remove poverty &
credit facilities. Provision of better unemployment.
storage and marketing facilities: a brief
understanding of the above. Any two programmes to be studied with the
objectives. For example, IRDP, JRY, PKVY,
(d) Green Revolution: meaning and its
HRIDAY, MNREGA, etc.
positive impacts.
(e) Meaning of Food Security; role of Food 6. Major Reforms and Emerging trends in the
Corporation of India(FCI). Indian Economy
(ii) Secondary: Industry: meaning and types; (i) LPG Model
adverse impacts of industrialisation and Liberalisation, Privatisation and
measures to overcome adverse impacts. Globalisation: meaning of each term and its
(a) Meaning of Industry; a brief positive impact on the Indian economy.
understanding of the interdependence of (ii) Smart city
Agriculture and Industry.
Concept of Smart city; Case Study: take one
(b) Types of Industries; large scale and suitable example of a smart city and discuss
medium scale Industries. Meaning, the development taken place in the form of
features and examples only. Cottage & infrastructure development, reduction of
Small-Scale Industries. Meaning, features unemployment, poverty alleviation, HR
and examples; significance with reference development and industrial development.
to India.
(iii) ‘Digital India’ and ‘Skill India’.
(c) Adverse impacts of industrialisation: a
brief understanding of the adverse Case study of each of the above (not to be
impacts with reference to industrial tested).
pollution and deforestation; measures to INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
overcome the adverse impacts:
The minimum number of assignments:
Afforestation, Waste management.
(iii) Tertiary Sector: Education and Healthcare, One project/assignment as prescribed by the teacher
Transportation, Banking, Insurance, from the syllabus.
Communication, Storage and Warehousing. Suggested Assignments:
Role of each of the above in the economic 1. A case study on the effects of industrial pollution.
development of the country in brief with the 2. Conduct a research on the local economy using
help of examples. any one parameter, for example, education, health,
5. Major Problems of the Indian Economy employment and so on.
(i) Poverty 3. Conduct a research on any industry and study how
Meaning of poverty line - concept based on the output has been impacted post liberalisation
calorie intake; Relative and absolute poverty: and globalisation.
meaning with examples; causes of poverty: 4. Analyse any recent government scheme in context
any five causes of poverty to be discussed. to the infrastructural development in the country.
(ii) Unemployment 5. Visit a small scale or cottage industry and write a
Meaning; Types: Seasonal, Structural, report on the basis of the techniques of production
Technological: meaning and example of each. being used.

130
 CLASS X
There will be one paper of two hours duration (ii) Elasticity of demand and elasticity of supply:
carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of meaning, types, percentage method of
20 marks. measuring elasticity of demand and elasticity
of supply, factors affecting elasticity of
1. The Productive Mechanism
demand and supply.
Factors of production: Land, labour, capital and The concept of price elasticity of demand and
entrepreneur: their impact on the production elasticity of supply are to be explained with
structure in an economy. percentage method. Factors affecting the
(i) Land: meaning and characteristics, elasticity of demand and supply are to be
productivity of land – meaning only; factors specified. (Numerical problems are not for
affecting productivity of land. testing).
(ii) Labour: meaning and characteristics; 3. Market
division of labour: meaning, type and
advantages; efficiency of labour; meaning, Meaning and types.
reasons for low efficiency of Indian labour. Meaning of Market; Types of Markets: Perfect
(iii) Capital: meaning and characteristics and competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic
types: physical and financial capital- meaning Competition, Oligopoly - meaning with examples;
with examples; Capital Formation; meaning, a brief understanding of the features of the
Process of capital formation; Need for capital different types of markets along with differences.
formation;
4. Banking in India
(iv) Entrepreneur: meaning, functions and role of
entrepreneur in economic development. (i) Money
A basic understanding of the inconvenience
2. Theory of Demand and Supply of the barter system and the evolution of
(i) Meaning and concept of Demand and Supply. money; legal definition of money; functions of
money: medium of exchange, measure of
Law of demand and supply: demand and value; standard of deferred payment, store of
supply schedule and curve (both individual value.
and market); movement and shift of the
demand and supply curve; determinants of (ii) Commercial banks: Meaning and functions.
demand and supply; exceptions to the law of Meaning. Functions of Commercial banks:
demand. Accepting deposits (a brief understanding of
the types of deposits); Advancing loans (a
Meaning of demand and supply; the concept
brief understanding of the types of loans,
of Demand, types of demand and concept of
methods of advancing loans); Credit creation
supply to be explained (with examples).
(a brief understanding of credit creation on
A basic understanding of the law of demand the basis of Primary and derivative deposits).
and supply in which demand and supply
(iii) Central Bank
schedules to be used to explain the demand
and supply curves. The individual demand and Meaning. Functions of Central Bank:
supply curves must be distinguished from monopoly of Note issue; Bankers Bank;
market demand and supply curves. Concept of Banker, Agent and Advisor to the
movement and shift of Demand and Supply Government; Custodian of Foreign
curves are to be explained. Determinants of Exchange; Lender of the Last Resort: A brief
demand and supply are to be specified. understanding of the functions.
Exceptions to the law of demand are to be
discussed.

131
(iv) Monetary Policy of the Central Bank 5. Inflation
(a) Qualitative Credit control measures: (i) Inflation, Wholesale Price Index (WPI),
margin requirements; credit rationing; Consumer Price Index (CPI), Food Basket.
moral suasion.
Meaning of the above.
(b) Quantitative Credit control measures:
(ii) Stages of Inflation
Bank Rate, Open Market Operations,
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Creeping, Walking, Running and Hyper –
Liquidity Ratio. meaning only.
A brief understanding of the above. (iii) Types of Inflation: Cost push inflation and
demand- pull inflation
(v) Demonetisation
Meaning, causes and differences only
A brief understanding.
(diagram not required). Positive and negative
(vi) Public Finance effects of inflation on production. Positive and
negative effects of inflation on distribution
(a) Meaning of Public Finance.
with reference to fixed income group and
(b) Sources of Public Revenue: business income group only.
• Tax Revenue. 6. Consumer Awareness
Direct Tax (meaning, merits and (i) Consumer Exploitation and Consumer
demerits); Indirect Tax (meaning, awareness.
merits and demerits); difference
Meaning of consumer exploitation; a brief
between direct and indirect taxes.
understanding of the forms of consumer
Goods and Services Tax (GST) - exploitation; reasons for exploitation of
Meaning and objectives; consumers in India - a brief understanding.
Meaning of Consumer Awareness.
Progressive, proportional, regressive
and degressive taxes - meaning only. (ii) Consumer Rights & Duties.
• Non-tax revenue. A brief understanding of the above. COPRA -
meaning and features; RTI - meaning and
Meaning with examples.
significance.
(c) Public Expenditure.
(iii) Food adulteration.
Meaning of public expenditure, Revenue
Meaning and harmful effects.
and Capital expenditure with examples;
reason for growth of public expenditure in (iv) Technical and Administrative measures for
India. Consumer Protection:
(d) Public Debt. A brief understanding of: Public Distribution
System (PDS); Bureau of Indian Standards
Meaning and types of Public debts.
(BIS); AGMARK, ECOMARK.

132
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EVALUATION
The minimum number of assignments: The assignments/project works are to be evaluated
by the subject teacher and by an External Examiner.
One project/assignment as prescribed by the teacher
from the syllabus. (The External Examiner may be a teacher nominated
by the Head of the school, who could be from the
Suggested Assignments: faculty, but not teaching the subject in the
 A visit to a local industrial unit and analyse the section/class. For example, a teacher of Economics of
combination of the factors of production being Class XI may be deputed to be an External Examiner
used in the production process. for Class X, Economics projects.)
The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner will
 Survey 15 people from your neighbourhood about
assess the assignments independently.
the type of taxes they pay. From your survey
conclude which type of tax is easier to pay and Award of Marks: (20 Marks)
why. Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 10 marks
 Visit a nearby store. Select five items of regular External Examiner 10 marks
consumption. Study the following: the impact of The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to
GST on these five products; how this has impacted CISCE by the Head of the school.
the demand for these products; how it has
benefitted the producer, consumer and the The Head of the school will be responsible for the
government. online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal
by the due date.

133
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN ECONOMICS - GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES

Grade Preparation/ Research Information Observation Inference Presentation Marks

Follows instructions with A good deal of Systematic record of Work indicates Methodical, precise
I 4
understanding. relevant matter. data; good understanding, good and clear expression;
Masters research Uses wide range of arrangement of data; comprehension of neat and tidy
techniques easily. sources. creative subject. presentation; optimum
Reference work is representation. utilisation of skills.
orderly.
Follows instructions but Selects matter Able to record data Can judge and grasp Work neat and tidy
II 3
needs a little help in relevant to context. correctly. information correctly; and clearly presented;
research techniques. Limited use of conclusion quantitatively methodical and
Reference notes quite references/ sources. evaluated. appropriate techniques
orderly. used.
Follows instructions but Relevant matter but Assistance required Requires some assistance Reasonably clear but
III 2
needs constant guidance. limited reference in presenting, to grasp the relevance and work disorganised in
Reference notes at times work. Matter is recording and validity of information; places; writing untidy
disorderly. sketchy. arranging data. able to relate to economic in places.
scenario.
Struggles with research Hardly any reference Tends to make Assistance required in Sequence of work
IV 1
methods and needs material. mistakes in order to grasp the acceptable but not
constant guidance. Use of irrelevant organising data. relevance and validity of very neat; poor
Reference notes copied matter. Matter is quite information; tends to presentation.
without reference to sketchy. make errors.
keywords.
Cannot follow No reference Makes mistakes in Cannot process results; Data presentation
V 0
instructions. work/copied from organizing data; not faulty conclusions in spite untidy and
Works ‘blindly’ without other textbooks/ able to proceed even of assistance provided. disorganised; effort
reference to keywords. sketchy matter. with assistance. and initiative lacking.

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 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (82)
Candidates offering Environmental Applications (Group III) are not eligible to offer
Environmental Science (Group II).

The subject deals with the interdependence of living 4. To develop an awareness of the need and
things within their environment and provides an responsibility to keep the natural system in a
insight into the orderly interplay of factors condition that it sustains life.
influencing environmental change. The impact of
5. To develop sensitivity in personal attitudes to
human demands on renewable and non-renewable
environmental issues.
resources and the limited availability of these
resources in nature, have been linked to correlate 6. To develop an understanding of how local
with patterns of human behaviour necessary to environments, contribute to the global
evolve a sustainable environmental paradigm. environment.
Aims: 7. To develop a sense of responsibility and concern
for welfare of the environment and all life forms
1. To acquire knowledge of the origin and
which share this planet.
functioning of the natural system and its
correlation with the living world. 8. To develop a keen civic sense.
2. To develop an understanding that human beings, 9. To develop a sound basis for further study,
plants and animals are part of a natural personal development and participation in local
phenomenon and are interdependent. and global environmental concerns.
3. To appreciate the influence of human activity on
natural processes.
CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration (e) A sustainable world.
carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of Concept of sustainability to be explained;
20 marks. sustainable societies to be discussed.
1. Understanding our Environment 2. Living things in Ecosystems
(a) Environmental Science. (a) Ecosystem.
What do we understand by ‘Environment’? Concept of ecosystems to be explained; biotic
What does the study of Environmental Science and abiotic structures, organisms and
involve? species; populations, communities.
(b) Our main environmental problems. (b) Habitat and ecological niche.
Environmental problems to be studied in To be discussed in terms of address and
terms of resource depletion, pollution and function.
extinction of species.
(c) How species interact with each other.
(c) A global perspective of environmental
problems. Interaction of species should be covered in
terms of - predation, competition, parasitism,
To be studied with reference to the developed mutualism and commensalism. Law of
and developing countries. Limiting Factors; synergisms.
(d) The root of environmental problems.
(d) Adapting to the environment.
Population crisis and consumption crisis
should be covered. Evolution by natural selection; co-evolution,
extinction.

148
3. How Ecosystems work 5. Water
(a) Energy flow in ecosystems. (a) Our water resources.
An explanation of how life depends on the sun; Water resource in the form of frozen solid in
who eats what; respiration: burning the fuel. polar ice caps, surface water (rivers of
Energy transfer: food chains, food webs and controversy, dams), groundwater (aquifers
trophic levels. running low). Solutions to water shortages
must be covered in terms of desalting the sea,
(b) The cycling of materials.
towing water, water conservation and water
The water cycle, the carbon cycle (how harvesting.
humans are affecting the carbon cycle) and
(b) Freshwater pollution.
the nitrogen cycle; Not to be tested, for
knowledge and understanding only. Point pollution and non-point pollution;
wastewater treatment plants, pathogens. The
Interdependence of natural cycles.
manner in which water pollution affects
(c) How ecosystems change. ecosystems; artificial eutrophication, thermal
Succession- secondary and primary. pollution. Cleaning up water pollution. The
special problem of groundwater pollution;
4. Kinds of Ecosystems bottled water.

(a) Forests. (c) Ocean pollution.

Tropical rainforests and threats to How pollutants get into oceans; preventing
rainforests; temperate rainforests; temperate ocean pollution; who owns the oceans?
deciduous forests; Taiga.
6. Air
(b) Grasslands, Deserts and Tundra.
(a) Causes of air pollution.
Tropical savannas; temperate grasslands:
prairies, steppes and pampas; deserts; Air pollution due to - natural disasters;
Tundra. Threats to the temperate grasslands, domestic combustion; air pollution on
deserts and Tundra. wheels; industrial air pollution.
Major air pollutants - carbon monoxide,
(c) Freshwater ecosystems.
oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur, ozone,
The study to cover - lakes and ponds; wetlands lead, hydrocarbons, benzene and particulates
- marshes and swamps; rivers. Threats to -their sources, health effects and the
wetlands and rivers must also be highlighted. environmental effects must be studied.
(d) Marine ecosystems. Classification of air pollutants based on
Estuaries, coral reefs, oceans and how each is composition - gaseous pollutants and
threatened should be discussed. Polar particulate matter (grit, dust, smoke and lead
ecosystems of the Arctic and the Antarctic and oxide); broader classification - primary and
the threats to them must also be covered. secondary pollutants.

Only threats to the specifically mentioned Aerosols (smog), sources – natural

ecosystems will be tested for the purpose of (continental, oceanic and anthropogenic);
the examination. The rest are for knowledge their effect on our lives.
and understanding. Air pollution episode - the Bhopal gas
(e) Biogeographic zones of India. tragedy.

The different biogeographic zones/ regions of (b) Thermal inversions, photochemical smog and
India and predominant wildlife in these zones/ acid precipitation.
regions. Thermal inversions (Los Angeles),
Photochemical Smog (Mexico City) and Acid

149
 Precipitation (Mumbai) - how acid overgrazing, overculture, clearance of slopes,
precipitation affects ecosystems. drought, heavy rainfall, bad farming
practices.
(c) Impact of air pollution.
(c) Land pollution.
Impact of air pollution should be covered in
terms of economic losses, lowered Causes and consequences of land pollution -
agricultural productivity and health salinization, fertilizers, pesticides, toxic
problems. wastes, nuclear wastes, domestic wastes,
ground water contamination.
7. Atmosphere and Climate
9. People
(a) The atmosphere.
(a) World poverty and gap between developed
Balance between photosynthesis and
and developing countries.
respiration; layers of the atmosphere. Not to
be tested, for knowledge and understanding Dimensions of world poverty and gap between
only. developed and developing countries using
development indicators such as per-capita
(b) Climate.
incomes, housing, levels of disease and
What determines climate (latitude, nutrition.
atmospheric circulation patterns, ocean
(b) Poverty in developed countries, poverty in
circulation patterns, local geography,
developing countries.
seasonal changes in climate). Not to be tested,
for knowledge and understanding only. Rural poverty and urban poverty.
(c) Greenhouse earth. (c) The implications of poverty trap for the
environment in developing countries.
The Greenhouse Effect, rising carbon dioxide
levels, GHGs and the earth’s temperature Self-explanatory.
(global warming); effect on weather, 10. Urbanisation
agriculture and sea-levels; slowing the
temperature change. (a) Causes of urbanisation.
(d) The Ozone layer. The push-pull factors to be discussed.
Ozone in the troposphere, ozone in the (b) Manifestations of urbanisation.
stratosphere; detection of the damage to the
ozone layer; causes and consequences of Growth of slums, growth of informal sector,
ozone thinning; alternatives to CFCs. pressure on civic amenities; degradation of
human resources; growing sense of despair.
8. Soil and Land
(c) Social, economic and environmental
(a) Deforestation. problems.
Causes and consequences of rapid and Problems of housing, congestion, pollution,
progressive deforestation in the developing loss of agricultural land and provision of
world - fuel crisis, competition for land, land services to be covered.
exploited for cash and food crops, population
pressures, increasing demand for timber to 11. Agriculture
meet the needs of the developed world,
(a) Unsustainable patterns of modern
grazing and its link with desertification.
industrialised agriculture.
Effects of deforestation on climate, Monocultures, disappearance of traditional
atmosphere and soil process. crop varieties, pollution risk due to use of
(b) Soil erosion and desertification. pesticides and inorganic fertilizers; problems
of irrigation – surface and ground water.
Causes and consequences of soil erosion and
desertification - removal of vegetation,

150
(b) Environmental damage due to large farm INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
units.
Self-explanatory. Any one project/assignment from the prescribed
syllabus.
(c) Food mountains in developed countries.
Surplus and waste. Suggested Assignments
(d) The Green Revolution. 1. Make a survey of any one threat to the local
Discussion on whether Green Revolution is a environment with suggestions as to how the
success or a failure. impact of the threat could be gradually reduced.
2. Make a functional model of an
apparatus/equipment that could be used to
alleviate the impact of any pollutant and, make a
survey to study the effectiveness of this
apparatus/equipment. (The report of the study is to
form a part of the Project Work.)

151
 CLASS X

There will be one paper of two hours duration (d) Development framework for poverty
carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 alleviation.
marks.
Social mobilisation, agricultural
1. Controlling Air Pollution development, small-scale industries, human
development. Not to be tested, for knowledge
(a) From domestic combustion.
and understanding only.
Reducing pollution from domestic cooking;
clean cooking - kerosene as a desirable 3. Managing the Urban environment
cooking fuel in rural areas.
(a) Urbanisation - a challenge to the future.
(b) From industries.
Sustainable cities: the need of the hour.
Measures for controlling industrial air
(b) Planning environmental improvement.
pollution - technological measures (energy
efficient devices, clean technologies), Efficient land use, planning energy, shelter
meteorological controls; zoning strategy; and transport; water supply management,
penalties and subsidies; wastewater and sanitary waste management,
construction activities.
Case Study: the Taj Trapezium.
(c) Rural development to counter migration.
(c) From vehicles.
Self-explanatory.
Vehicle emission control - modify engine
design (catalytic converters, four stroke (d) Development of secondary cities to counter
engines), clean fuels, public transport options, migration.
traffic management, economic policy Self-explanatory.
measures.
(e) Community participation and contribution of
2. Addressing Population private enterprises.
(a) The link between growing population and Community participation in keeping
environmental degradation. surroundings clean, participation of private
UN’s population projections for 2050, the enterprises in city improvement, measures to
climate link, the choice of alternative futures. increase private enterprise participation.
Growing population in the developing
countries and rising consumption in the 4. Managing Soil and Land
developed countries. (a) Conserving soil.
(b) The demographic transition.
Erosion control techniques - terracing,
Stages of transition, transition stages of contour ploughing, dry farming, tree planting,
certain developed nations and developing bunds, gullies, wind-breaks, use of organic
nations (such as India, China, Korea, fertilisers.
Malaysia). Not to be tested, for knowledge
and understanding only. Soil conservation techniques - land-use
management, vegetative and mechanical
(c) Strategies for controlling growth of practices, conserving soil and water together;
population. appropriate cropping systems – cropping
Strategies to include family planning and patterns (strip cropping), tree crops, and
birth control, health care, education, foliage crops.
economic development; women-centered
human development.

152
 (b) Land reforms. Conservation tillage farming - meaning of
conservation tillage, advantages and
Meaning, measures enforced in India to give
disadvantages.
land to the landless.
Trickle drip irrigation – need for a trickle drip
(c) Integrated rural development.
irrigation system; operation of a drip
Objectives, self-help schemes like social and irrigation system; advantages and
community forestry. disadvantages.
(d) Role of women and community in New organic fertilizers – integrated nutrient
conservation. supply programme, organic fertilizers - bulky
organic manures, green manures, bio-
Self-explanatory.
fertilizers, and sewage sludge.
(e) Combating deforestation.
Gene banks – what are gene banks; objectives
Reforestation, energy plantations, forest of maintaining gene banks.
harvesting of non-timber forest products,
exploring alternative sources of livelihood, (b) Problem of global food security, food aid.
change in consumption patterns. Global food imbalance, distributional
inequality; role of food aid in achieving global
(f) Managing forest grazing.
food security.
Causes and consequences of overgrazing,
controlled forest grazing as in National 6. Biodiversity
Forest Policy, 1988.
(a) Biodiversity at risk due to human actions.
(g) Alternatives to timber.
Reasons for loss of biodiversity; Man - the
Recycling of timber and paper. super consumer: impact of his actions on the
earth’s resources; reasons for concern:
5. Food economic, ecological and aesthetic.
(a) Sustainable agriculture. (b) Conserving our genetic resource: in-situ and
Integrated pest management – understanding ex-situ; harvesting wildlife.
the term, aims, advantages, disadvantages. In-situ - wildlife sanctuaries, national parks
Genetically modified organisms, application and biosphere reserves.
in plants and animals and environmental Ex-situ – zoological parks, botanical gardens,
risks. gene banks in agricultural research centres
New crop strains – high yielding varieties and and forestry institutions.
their viability, hybrid varieties. Harvesting wildlife to meet commercial needs.
Mixed cropping – advantages and (c) Conservation strategies at national and
disadvantages; regenerative farming international levels.
techniques - intercropping, crop rotation,
agroforestry, polyvarietal cultivation and Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, Project Tiger
polyculture. 1973, IUCN, the Ramsar Convention on
Wetlands, 1971, CITES, The Convention on
Biological Diversity.

153
7. Energy (d) Role of multinational corporations.
(a) Fossil fuels used to produce electricity. Definition of MNCs, their contribution to
development and debatable contribution to
Electricity: energy on demand; dwindling
environment; case study - Bhopal gas
supplies of fossil fuels; renewable and non- tragedy; measures to regulate activities of
renewable energy resources. Not to be tested, MNCs in developing countries.
for knowledge and understanding only.
(b) Nuclear energy. 10. Towards a Sustainable Future
Nuclear fission, advantages and (a) Global interdependence – economic and
disadvantages of nuclear energy; safety environmental.
concerns (the Chernobyl disaster); Concept of economic and environmental
nuclear fusion. global interdependence; global
(c) A sustainable energy future. environmental health – the shared
responsibility of nations; trade and aid as
Energy conservation; alternative energy ways of reducing world inequalities.
sources - solar energy, wind energy,
hydroelectricity, geothermal energy, biomass, (b) International cooperation.
liquid fuels from biomass- methanol, ethanol, The Montreal Protocol; the Global
gasohol, CNG, hydrogen. Environmental Facility (GEF) support; the
Earth Summit, UN’s International
8. Waste Conference on Population and Development
(a) Solid waste: the throwaway society. (Cairo); the Kyoto Treaty.

Solid waste, biodegradable and non- (c) Sustainable development.

biodegradable materials; where does the The concept of sustainable development,
trash go - landfills and incinerators. sustainable development and developed
countries; sustainable development and
(b) Solid waste: options for the future.
developing countries.
Producing less waste, reusing, recycling, (d) Role of non-governmental organisations.
composting, vermiculture, biotechnology;
finding alternatives to materials we use. Self-explanatory.
(e) Technology that sustains.
9. Environment and Development
Satellite imagery as a means of monitoring the
(a) Global environmental pollution. global environment: satellite remote sensing,
Who is responsible - developed or developing advantages in collecting environmental data,
countries? Need for mutual cooperation. applying data in areas of environmental
damage as deforestation, desertification, land
(b) Economic development and environmental degradation, wastelands, mining, ozone layer
degradation. depletion and predicting droughts and floods.
Role of developed and developing countries; The concept of alternate technology, adopting
contrasting views of developed and alternate technology to create self-sustaining
developing countries; debt trap. societies in the developed and developing
(c) International trade. world.
Its link to environmental deterioration – Role of biotechnology in achieving global
unfair trade practices. food security.

154
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EVALUATION
A minimum of three assignments as prescribed by the The assignments/project work are to be evaluated by
teacher, need to be completed. the subject teacher and by an External Examiner.
(The External Examiner may be a teacher nominated
Suggested Assignments by the Head of the school, who could be from the
1. Make a field study of the effect of human faculty, but not teaching the subject in the
interaction on the natural environment and write a section/class. For example, a teacher of
project report (1500 words) on the likely impact of Environmental Science of Class XI may be deputed to
the interaction on the global environment. be an External Examiner for Class X, Environmental
Science projects.)
2. Prepare an original study/essay (2000 words) on
The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner will
an area of the prescribed curriculum that is
assess the assignments independently.
indicative of his/her appreciation/concern for
environmental issues and make a functional model Award of Marks (20 Marks)
to support the above. Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 10 marks
External Examiner 10 marks
The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to
CISCE by the Head of the school.
The Head of the school will be responsible for the
online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal
by the due date.

155
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES
Criteria Preparation Investigation/ Analysis/Inference Solutions Presentation Marks
Gathering Data Alternatives/
Innovations
Grade I Follows instructions with Is able to ask right Analyses Innovative Accurate. Feasible, 4 marks
understanding, modifies if questions. Knows whom systematically. Can ideas neat, well labelled
needed. Background to ask, when and how. see sequences or presented. diagrams. Index and
information correct. Level Can deal with more than correlation. Can Alternatives references given.
of awareness high. one variable. segregate fact from suggested.
opinion.
Grade II Follows instructions step- Is able to ask questions Makes observations Alternatives Accurate. Neat, well 3 marks
by-step. Awareness is and identify whom to ask correctly. Analysis presented. labelled diagrams,
good. Background when and how. Can fair. Innovative but index and references
information correct. handle two variables not practical. given.
only.

Grade III Follows simple instructions Needs help with the Observation - help Obvious A bit disorganised, 2 marks
only. Awareness basic. investigations. Has needed. Needs solutions but neat and
Background information suggestions but cannot guidance to see presented. Not accurate. Either
sketchy. decide. correlations or innovative. index or references
sequence. missing.

Grade IV Follows some instructions Needs to be told what Detailed instructions Thinks of Poorly organised. 1 mark
but confused. Has to be questions to be asked, required to draw solutions under Some things
made aware. Background whom to ask or where to inferences. Charts guidance. missing. Index and
information incorrect in gather the data from. have to be made. references missing.
places.

Grade V Confused about Gets stuck at every step. Even with help, Solutions not Overall impression 0 mark
instructions. Has to be Questionnaire has to be analysis is not clear. forthcoming. very poor. Not very
made aware. Needs help formulated. Takes teacher’s word accurate.
with background for it.
information.

156
 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (86)
Aims:
1. To empower students by enabling them to build 3. To develop logical and analytical thinking so
their own applications. that they can easily solve interactive programs.
2. To introduce students to some effective tools to 4. To help students learn fundamental concepts of
enable them to enhance their knowledge, computing using object oriented approach in one
broaden horizons, foster creativity, improve the computer language.
quality of work and increase efficiency. 5. To provide students with a clear idea of ethical
issues involved in the field of computing.
CLASS IX
There will be one written paper of two hours duration 2. Elementary Concept of Objects and Classes
carrying 100 marks and Internal Assessment of
Modelling entities and their behaviour by objects, a
100 marks.
class as a specification for objects and as an object
factory, computation as message passing/method
THEORY – 100 Marks
calls between objects (many examples should be
1. Introduction to Object Oriented Programming done to illustrate this). Objects encapsulate state
concepts (attributes) and have behaviour (methods). Class as
(i) Principles of Object Oriented Programming, a user defined data type.
(Difference between Procedure Oriented and A class may be regarded as a blueprint to create
Object oriented). objects. It may be viewed as a factory that produces
All the four principles of Object Oriented similar objects. A class may also be considered as
Programming should be defined and a new data type created by the user, that has its own
explained using real life examples (Data functionality.
abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism,
Encapsulation). 3. Values and data types
(ii) Introduction to JAVA - Types of java Character set, ASCII code, Unicode, Escape
programs – Applets and Applications, Java sequences, Tokens, Constants and Variables, Data
Compilation process, Java Source code, Byte types, type conversions.
code, Object code, Java Virtual Machine
Escape sequences [\n, \t, \\, \”, \’], Tokens and its
(JVM), Features of JAVA.
types [keywords, identifiers, literals, punctuators,
Definition of Java applets and Java operators], primitive types and non-primitive types
applications with examples, steps involved in with examples, Introduce the primitive types with
compilation process, definitions of source size in bits and bytes, Implicit type conversion and
code, byte code, object code, JVM, features Explicit type conversion.
of JAVA - Simple, Robust, secured, object
oriented, platform independent, etc. 4. Operators in Java
Forms of operators, Types of operators, Counters,
Accumulators, Hierarchy of operators, ‘new’
operator, dot ( . ) operator.
Forms of operators (Unary, Binary, Ternary), types
of operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical,
Assignment, Increment, Decrement, Short hand
operators), Discuss precedence and associativity of
operators, prefix and postfix, Creation of dynamic

157
 memory by using new operator, invoking members (initializations and updations). Demonstrate break
of class using dot operator, Introduce and continue statements with the help of loops.
System.out.println() and System.out.print() for
Loops are fundamental to computation and their
simple output.
need should be shown by examples.
(Bitwise and shift operators are not included).
9. Nested for loops
5. Input in Java
Introduce nested loops through some simple
Initialization, Parameter, introduction to packages, examples. Demonstrate break and continue
Input streams (Scanner Class), types of errors, statements with the help of nested loops.
types of comments
Programs based on nested loops [ rectangular,
Initialization – Data before execution, Parameters triangular [right angled triangle only] patterns],
– at the time of execution, input stream – data entry series involving single variable.
during execution – using methods of Scanner class (Nested while and nested do while are not
[nextShort(), nextInt( ), nextLong( ), nextFloat ( ), included.)
nextDouble( ), next( ), nextLine( ), next ( )
.charAt(0) ] 10. Computing and Ethics
Discuss different types of errors occurring during Ethical Issues in Computing.
execution and compilation of the program (syntax
errors, runtime errors and logical errors).Single Intellectual property rights; protection of
line comment (//) and multiline comment (/* … */ ) individual’s right to privacy; data protection on
the internet; protection against Spam; software
6. Mathematical Library Methods piracy, cybercrime, hacking, protection against
Introduction to package java.lang [ default ], malicious intent and malicious code. The stress
methods of Math class. should be on good etiquette and ethical practices.
pow(x,y), sqrt(x), cbrt(x), ceil(x), floor(x), round
(x), abs(a), max(a, b), min(a,b), random( ). INTERNAL ASSESSMENT - 100 Marks
Java expressions – using all the operators and This segment of the syllabus is totally practical
methods of Math class. oriented. The accent is on acquiring basic
programming skills quickly and efficiently.
7. Conditional constructs in Java Programming Assignments (Class IX)
Application of if, if else, if else if ladder,
Students are expected to do a minimum of
switch-case, default, break. 20 assignments during the whole year to reinforce the
if, if else, if else if, Nested if, switch case, break concepts studied in the class.
statement, fall through condition in switch case, Suggested list of Assignments:
Menu driven programs, System.exit(0) - to
terminate the program. The laboratory assignments will form the bulk of the
course. Good assignments should have problems
8. Iterative constructs in Java which require design, implementation and testing.
They should also embody one or more concepts that
Definition, Types of looping statements, entry
have been discussed in the theory class. A
controlled loops [ for, while], exit controlled loop
significant proportion of the time has to be spent in the
[do while] , variations in looping statements, and
laboratory. Computing can only be learnt by doing.
Jump statements.
The teacher-in-charge should maintain a record of all
Syntax of entry and exit controlled loops, break and
the assignments done as a part of practical work
continue, Simple programs illustrating all three
throughout the year and give it due credit at the time
loops, inter conversion from for – while – do while,
of cumulative evaluation at the end of the year.
finite and infinite, delay, multiple counter variables

158
Some sample problems are given below as examples. (vii) Programs based on Looping Statement
The problems are of varying levels of difficulty:
(a) Programs based on for looping statement.
(i) Programs using Assignment statements.
(b) Programs based on printing simple series,
Example: Calculation of Area / Volume /
summation of simple series, product of
Conversion of temperature / Swapping of values
simple series.
etc.
(c) Prime number, perfect number, composite
(ii) Programs based on– Input through parameters.
number, Fibonacci series. Lowest Common
Example: Implementation of standard formula
Multiple (LCM), Highest Common Factor
etc.
(HCF) etc.
(iii) Programs based on – Input through Scanner
(d) To find the biggest and smallest number
class.
from n number of entered numbers.
Example: Implementation of standard formula
etc. (e) Program based on while loop like
Armstrong number, Spy number, Niven
(iv) Programs based on Mathematical methods.
number, Palindrome number, etc.
Example: larger/smaller of two numbers, cube
root, square root, absolute value, power, etc. (viii) Programs based on nested loops
[rectangular, triangular(right angled triangle
(v) Programs based on if, if else, if else if ladder,
only) patterns], series involving single variable.
nested if etc.
(ix) Generate first n multiples of numbers from 1 to
(a) if programs the limit input by the user.
• Larger / smaller of two numbers (x) Menu Driven programs.
• To check divisibility of a number, etc.
Important: This list is indicative only. Teachers and
(b) if - else programs
students should use their imagination to create
• Odd or even number innovative and original assignments.
• Eligibility to vote
• Upper case or lower case EVALUATION
• Positive or negative number Proposed Guidelines for Marking
• Vowel or Consonant
The teacher should use the criteria below to judge the
• Buzz number etc. internal work done. Basically, four criteria are being
(c) if-else-if programs suggested: class design, coding and documentation,
variable description and execution or output. The
• Programs based on discount/interest/ actual grading will be done by the teacher based on
bonus/ taxes/ commission. his/her judgment. However, one possible way: divide
• Programs based on slab system. the outcome for each criterion into one of 4 groups:
• Programs based on Nested if. excellent, good, fair/acceptable, poor/unacceptable,
then use numeric values for each grade and add to get
(vi) Programs on switch case. the total.
(a) Day of a week Class design:
(b) Name of the month
Has a suitable class (or classes) been used?
(c) Names of the seasons Are all attributes with the right kinds of types present?
(d) Calculator Is encapsulation properly done?
(e) Vowel or consonant etc. Is the interface properly designed?

159
Coding and Documentation: Evaluation of practical work (Assignments) will be
done as follows:
Is the coding done properly? (choice of names, no
unconditional jumps, proper organization of Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner): 100 Marks
conditions, proper choice of loops, error handling code
layout). Is the documentation complete and readable? Criteria Class Variable Coding and Execution
(class documentation, variable documentation, (Total- design description Documentation OR
100 (20 (20 marks) (20 marks) Output
method documentation, constraints, known bugs – if marks) marks) (40
any). marks)
Variable and Description
Excellent 20 20 20 40
Format for variable description:
Name of the Data Type Purpose/Description Good 16 16 16 32
variable

Fair 12 12 12 24

Poor 8 8 8 16

160
 CLASS X
There will be one written paper of two hours duration multiple methods and more than one method with
carrying 100 marks and Internal Assessment of the same name (polymorphism - method
100 marks. overloading).

THEORY – 100 Marks 4. Constructors

Definition of Constructor, characteristics, types of
1. Revision of Class IX Syllabus constructors, use of constructors, constructor
(i) Introduction to Object Oriented Programming overloading.
concepts, (ii) Elementary Concept of Objects and Default constructor, parameterized constructor,
Classes, (iii) Values and Data types, (iv) Operators constructor overloading., Difference between
in Java, (v) Input in Java, (vi) Mathematical constructor and method.
Library Methods, (vii) Conditional constructs in
Java, (viii) Iterative constructs in Java, (ix) Nested 5. Library classes
for loops. Introduction to wrapper classes, methods of
wrapper class and their usage with respect to
2. Class as the Basis of all Computation numeric and character data types. Autoboxing and
Unboxing in wrapper classes.
Objects and Classes
Class as a composite type, distinction between
Objects encapsulate state and behaviour – primitive data type and composite data type or
numerous examples; member variables; attributes class types. Class may be considered as a new
or features. Variables define state; member data type created by the user, that has its own
methods; Operations/methods/messages/ methods functionality. The distinction between primitive
define behaviour. and composite types should be discussed through
Classes as abstractions for sets of objects; class examples. Show how classes allow user defined
as an object factory; primitive data types, types in programs. All primitive types have
corresponding class wrappers. Introduce
composite data types. Variable declarations for
Autoboxing and Unboxing with their definition
both types; difference between the two types. and simple examples.
Objects as instances of a class.
Consider real life examples for explaining the The following methods are to be covered:
concept of class and object.
int parseInt(String s),
3. User - defined Methods long parseLong(String s),
Need of methods, syntax of methods, forms of float parseFloat(String s),
methods, method definition, method calling, double parseDouble(String s),
method overloading, declaration of methods, boolean isDigit(char ch),
Ways to define a method, ways to invoke the boolean isLetter(char ch),
methods – call by value [with programs] and call boolean isLetterOrDigit(char ch),
by reference [only definition with an example],
boolean isLowerCase(char ch),
Object creation - invoking the methods with
respect to use of multiple methods with different boolean isUpperCase(char ch),
names to implement modular programming, using boolean isWhitespace(char ch),
data members and member methods, Actual char toLowerCase (char ch)
parameters and formal parameters, Declaration
of methods - static and non-static, method char toUpperCase(char ch)
prototype / signature, - Pure and impure methods,
- pass by value [with programs] and pass by
reference [only definition with an example],
Returning values from the methods , use of

161
6. Encapsulation int compareToIgnoreCase(String str)
Access specifiers and its scope and visibility. String replace (char oldChar,char newChar)
Access specifiers – private, protected and public. String substring (int beginIndex)
Visibility rules for private, protected and public
String substring (int beginIndex, int endIndex)
access specifiers. Scope of variables, class
variables, instance variables, argument variables, boolean startsWith(String str)
local variables.
boolean endsWith(String str)
7. Arrays String valueOf(all types)
Definition of an array, types of arrays, declaration, Programs based on the above methods, extracting
initialization and accepting data of single and and modifying characters of a string, alphabetical
double dimensional arrays, accessing the elements order of the strings in an array [Bubble and
of single dimensional and double dimensional Selection sort techniques], searching for a string
arrays. using linear search technique.
Arrays and their uses, sorting techniques -
selection sort and bubble sort; Search techniques INTERNAL ASSESSMENT - 100 Marks
– linear search and binary search, Array as a This segment of the syllabus is totally practical
composite type, length statement to find the size of
oriented. The accent is on acquiring basic
the array (sorting and searching techniques using
programming skills quickly and efficiently.
single dimensional array only).
Programming Assignments (Class X)
Declaration, initialization, accepting data in a
double dimensional array, sum of the elements in The students should complete a minimum of
row, column and diagonal elements [ right and 20 laboratory assignments during the whole year to
left], display the elements of two-dimensional reinforce the concepts studied in class.
array in a matrix format. Suggested list of Assignments:
8. String handling The laboratory assignments will form the bulk of the
course. Good assignments should have problems
String class, methods of String class, which require design, implementation and testing.
implementation of String class methods, String
They should also embody one or more concepts that
array have been discussed in the theory class. A
The following String class methods are to be significant proportion of the time has to be spent in the
covered: laboratory. Computing can only be learnt by doing.
String trim () The teacher-in-charge should maintain a record of all
the assignments done by the student throughout the
String toLowerCase()
year and give it due credit at the time of cumulative
String toUpperCase() evaluation at the end of the year.
int length( ) Some sample problems are given below as examples.
The problems are of varying levels of difficulty:
char charAt (int n)
(i) User defined methods
int indexOf(char ch)
(a) Programs depicting the concept of pure,
int lastIndexOf(char ch) impure, static, non- static methods.
String concat(String str) (b) Programs based on overloaded methods.
boolean equals (String str) (c) Programs involving data members, member
methods invoking the methods with respect to
boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String str) the object created.
int compareTo(String str)

162
(ii) Constructors EVALUATION
(a) Programs based on different types of The teacher-in-charge shall evaluate all the
constructors mentioned in the scope of the assignments done by the student throughout the year
syllabus. [both written and practical work]. He/she shall ensure
(b) Programs / outputs based on constructor that most of the components of the syllabus have been
overloading used appropriately in the assignments. Assignments
(iii) Library classes should be with appropriate list of variables and
comment statements. The student has to mention the
(a) Outputs based on all the methods mentioned
output of the programs.
in the scope of the syllabus.
Proposed Guidelines for Marking
(b) Programs to check whether a given character
is an uppercase/ lowercase / digit etc. The teacher should use the criteria below to judge the
internal work done. Basically, four criteria are being
(iv) Encapsulation suggested: class design, coding and documentation,
Questions based on identifying the different variable description and execution or output. The
variables like local, instance, arguments, private, actual grading will be done by the teacher based on
public, class variable etc. his/her judgment. However, one possible way: divide
the outcome for each criterion into one of 4 groups:
(v) Arrays excellent, good, fair/acceptable, poor/unacceptable,
(a) Programs based on accessing the elements of then use numeric values for each grade and add to get
an array. the total.
(b) Programs based on sort techniques mentioned Class design:
in the scope of the syllabus. Has a suitable class (or classes) been used?
(c) Programs based on search techniques Are all attributes with the right kinds of types present?
mentioned in the scope of the syllabus. Is encapsulation properly done?
Is the interface properly designed
(d) Programs on Double dimensional arrays as
given in the scope of the syllabus. Coding and documentation:
(vi) String handling Is the coding done properly? (Choice of names, no
(a) Outputs based on all the string methods unconditional jumps, proper organization of
mentioned in the scope of the syllabus. conditions, proper choice of loops, error handling,
code layout) Is the documentation complete and
(b) Programs based on extracting the characters readable? (class documentation, variable
from a given string and manipulating the documentation, method documentation, constraints,
same. known bugs - if any).
(c) Palindrome string, pig Latin, alphabetical Variable description:
order of characters, etc.
Format for variable description:
Important: This list is indicative only. Teachers and
students should use their imagination to create Name of the Data Purpose/description
innovative and original assignments. Variable Type

163
Execution or Output: • 2 periods – Lecture cum demonstration by the
Instructor.
Does the program run on all sample input correctly?
Evaluation of practical work will be done as • 2 periods – Assignments/Practical work.
follows: The hardware and software platforms should be such
that students can comfortably develop and run
Subject Teacher (Internal 50 marks
programs on those machines.
Examiner)
Since hardware and software evolve and change very
External Examiner 50 marks rapidly the schools shall need to upgrade them as
Criteria Class Variable Coding and Execution required. Following are the minimal specifications as
(Total- design description Documentation OR of now.
50 (10 (10 marks) (10 marks) Output
marks) marks) (20 RECOMMENDED FACILITIES:
marks)
• A lecture cum demonstration room with a
Excellent 10 10 10 20 MULTIMEDIA PROJECTOR/ an LCD and
Overhead Projector (OHP) attached to the
Good 8 8 8 16 computer.
Fair 6 6 6 12 • A white board with white board markers should be
available.
Poor 4 4 4 8 • A fully equipped Computer Laboratory that allows
one computer per student.
An External Examiner shall be nominated by the Head • The computers should have a minimum of
of the School and may be a teacher from the faculty, 1 GB RAM and at least a P - IV or Equivalent
but not teaching the subject in the relevant Processor.
section/class. For example, A teacher of Computer • Good Quality printers.
Science of class VIII may be deputed to be the • A scanner, a web cam/a digital camera (Should be
External Examiner for class X. provided if possible).
The total marks obtained out of 100 are to be sent to
CISCE by the Head of the school. SOFTWARE FOR CLASSES IX & X

The Head of the school will be responsible for the Any suitable Operating System can be used.
online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal For teaching fundamental concepts of computing
by the due date. using object oriented approach, Blue J environment
(3.2 or higher version) compatible with JDK (5.0 or
EQUIPMENT higher version) as the base or any other editor or IDE,
There should be enough computer systems to provide compatible with JDK (5.0 or higher version) as the
for a teaching schedule where at least three-fourth of a base may be used. Ensure that the latest versions of
time available is used for programming and software are used.
assignments/practical work. The course shall require
at least 4 periods of about 40 minutes duration per
week. In one week, out of 4 periods the time should be
divided as follows:

164
 ART (60)
Aims:
1. To acquire a knowledge of artistic terms, facts, 2. To develop an interest in the world of art.
concepts, theories and principles in drawing and
3. To develop an artistic attitude and values through
painting, i.e. imagination, creativity, expression,
the study of art.
aesthetic sense, organisation, observation and
interest. 4. To acquire skills in observations, handling tools
and drawing illustrations.

CLASSES IX AND X

PART 1: EXTERNAL EXAMINATION PAPER 3 (3 hours) Original Imaginative

Composition in Colour
There will be four papers, candidates will be required
to offer any two papers: A paper containing a list of alternative subjects will be
Paper 1: (3 hours) Drawing and / or Painting from given to candidates one week before the examination.
Still Life - 100 Marks The actual composition will be executed in the
examination room after a period of not less than 7 days
Paper 2: (3 hours) Drawing and / or Painting from
from the distribution of the paper to the candidates;
Nature - 100 Marks
sketches or other notes must not be taken into the
Paper 3: (3 hours) Original Imaginative Composition examination room. Since this is a test of original work,
in Colour - 100 Marks it would be inappropriate for any form of guidance to
Paper 4: (3 hours) Applied Art - 100 Marks be given to candidates other than that printed on the
question paper. A variety of themes will be set; these
PAPER 1 (3 hours) Drawing and / or Painting from may be given in the form of titles indicating the subject
Still Life or of specified subjects for inclusion in composition,
A group of objects which will be artificial or natural or in any other form that will stimulate the
and may include such things as cut flowers, fruits, imagination. Candidates should base their work, if
vegetables, a growing plant, as well as domestic or possible, on scenes which they have themselves
other artificial objects: the group may be drawn or observed. Any style or technique including that which
painted. The work can be carried out, if the candidate is traditional in the candidate’s own area may be used.
wishes, in relation to the surroundings or the part of PAPER 4 (3 hours) Applied Art
the room in which the group is placed. If the group is
painted, the background must be included. Candidates will be required to answer any one
question. The object of this paper is to test the ability
PAPER 2 (3 hours) Drawing and / or Painting from
of candidates in craftwork where the material is
Nature
restricted to flat paper, ink and/or colour. Questions
This paper is divided into two separate sections. will be set requiring the design and execution of the
Candidates may offer either A or B. In both sections, following:
the subject may be interpreted freely, either in a  the page of a book, book cover, or end paper;
decorative or in a realistic manner.
 a notice or pictorial poster;
A. Study of the structure of natural forms: such as a
spray or branch, which may include flowers,  a card such as Christmas card or invitation card, or
foliage or fruit, fossils, bones, etc. Candidates are emblem;
expected to reveal their appreciation of natural  a patterned paper for a specific purpose.
growth or structure by means of drawing or
Several but not all of these alternative subjects will be
painting.
set, and candidates will be required to select any one
B. A subject will be set for drawing or painting out of of them. There will be an opportunity to make full use
doors. There should be evidence of a direct study of the calligrapher's art withdrawn and painted, pen-
from nature. made or brush-written lettering.

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Notes carried out on stiff boards, or which is mounted
(a) Any medium may be used provided that it is cannot be accepted. The paper used by candidates
suitable for the subject. Painted work must be must not be less than 35 cm x 25 cm and the work
carried out in a quick-drying medium and must be submitted must fill or approximately fill the page.
completely dry before it is dispatched. When (g) All drawing must be packed flat and not rolled.
acrylic paint is used for examination work, it must Half-Imperial and Royal sheets should be folded
be mixed with water. All paints used must be of across the middle, when drawings are too large to
adequate quality; if coloured crayons or chalk are enclose in the envelopes provided, it is essential
used, they must have a range and quality that the information required on the front of the
comparable with that of paints and must be envelope be given and that the envelope itself be
carefully fixed at the examination centre before packed in the same parcel with the drawings.
the work is sent to the Examiner. Monochrome (h) Examiners are caused great inconvenience by
may be used where permitted by the regulations candidates failing to write their examination
for each Paper but will not be accepted as number either clearly or correctly, thus making
satisfying the requirement in respect of colour for identification difficult. Schools are asked to co-
Paper 3. operate by impressing upon candidates that they
(b) Candidates must use their judgement with regard must write their names on drawings and paintings
to (i) the size of a drawing or painting (ii) the on the front (top right-hand corner) and also on the
proportion of height to width within the space back of their assignments.
available. In all cases credit will be given to good They must not write anything else on the front of
composition. the picture. Failure to observe this instruction may
(c) In each of Papers 1 to 3, the test is of free drawing result in loss of marks.
or painting. Therefore, any mechanical means for
Standing Instructions for Supervisors
the execution of the drawing or painting (such as
measuring or ruling) are not allowed. Instruments PAPERS 1 and 2:
and tracing papers are allowed for Paper 4, but The printed 'Instructions' for these papers, which are
candidates are advised to restrict their use as far as sent to schools well in advance of the examination,
possible. will be limited, as far as possible, to the subjects of the
(d) Where question papers or printed instructions tests. They are for the use of the Supervisors only, in
provide for alternative groups, etc., the Supervisor consultation with the Art teacher.
in consultation with an Art Teacher will decide
which of these alternatives is to form the subject It is important that early attention should be given to
of the examination, after taking account of local the provision of the subjects required. In both Papers
convenience, etc. At centres for candidates from 1 and 2, alternative assignment must be set if required
more than one school, both of the alternative by candidates.
subjects in Paper 2 (Plant Drawing) must be The group or subject should be arranged so that each
provided if they are required by schools or candidate obtains an uninterrupted view; for Paper 1
candidates. and 2, candidates should not be more than 4 m from
(e) Suitable alternative subjects will be provided for the group. Candidates may form a semicircle but not a
the different areas, so far as this may appear complete circle round the groups; more than one
desirable. Account will be taken of different session may be arranged if there is a large number of
climatic conditions in the selection of flower candidates. The examination must be held in good
specimens, etc. light but care must be taken that the sunlight does not
fall upon the group or subject while work is in
(f) The paper supplied for use in the examination progress. If the group or subject is painted, the
room will be about 35cm x 25 cm. Schools or background must be included.
candidates wishing to work on a large scale, not
larger than Half-Imperial or Royal (65 cm x 50 The surface on which the group of objects for Paper 1
cm) or on a different type of tone or paper, will be and the group for painting only in Paper 2 is arranged
at liberty to provide their own. Work which is must be below the level of the candidate's eye-level.

179
Drawing and / or Painting from Nature: (2) Suggested topics for practical work:
Alternative A. Study of the structure of natural forms: (i) Pottery work.
It is desirable that each candidate be given a separate (ii) Sculpture; any medium.
specimen and be permitted to handle and arrange
them. (iii) Carving in any available material: e.g.
wood, plaster, stone.
If the specimens named in the Instruction are not
available, Supervisors may, with the assistance of the (iv) Panel or relief in clay or plaster.
Art teacher, substitute other specimens as similar as (v) Block-printing, batik, tie and dye, etc., on
possible to those which have been set. The name of the any material.
specimen used must be stated on the back of the
drawing in small block letters. (vi) Printing from original wood or lino block.
Sprays, when these are set, must be reasonably large (vii) Creative Photography.
and full and in good condition: they should be
(viii) Cartoon and portrait drawing.
displayed in a vase or bottle and be clearly visible
against a plain background. The container must not be (ix) Animation.
drawn.
(B) Finished Work
Or
In addition to the course work the candidates will
Alternative B. Direct study of nature: have to submit four pieces of finished Artwork
A subject is to be set for drawing or painting out of for assessment by the External Examiner. The
doors. Evidence of direct study in the outdoors must topics on which these pieces of Artwork may be
be discernible. based can be taken from the syllabus or from any
of the topics listed in (A) (2) above or from any
Original Imaginative Composition in Colour:
other aspect of Art.
Copies of the Paper are to be given to the candidates
(C) Assessment
at least a week before the paper is taken in the
examination room. Candidates should be instructed to The teacher and the External Examiner will
bring their copies of the questions paper with them at assess the Artwork of the candidates on
the time fixed for this examination. impression by placing the work of the candidates
in groups, giving the following aspects due
Applied Art:
consideration:
At centres where necessary arrangements can be
 Imaginative expression.
made, candidates may cut and print from a block in the
examination room. Folded and cutout paper may be  Quality of pattern, line and materials.
used in making designs. A collage may be used.
 Skill in the use of tools and materials.
PART 2:
 Use of colour.
(To be assessed internally by the School - 100 marks).
Other aspects may also be considered depending
Practical Work in Art on the nature of the practical work.
(A) Course Work (D) Award of Marks (100 Marks)
(1) Candidates will be required to practice sketching, Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 50 marks
painting, drawing, etc., in preparation for the
External Examiner 50 marks
examination. They will also undertake practical
work on any of the topics suggested below. The The total marks obtained out of 100 are to be sent
practical work of the candidates will be assessed to CISCE by the Head of the school.
by the teacher as course work. The teacher is free
The Head of the school will be responsible for the
to assess the course work either on the basis of online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal
continuous assessment or on the basis of by the due date.
periodical tests.

180
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN ART - GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES
Criteria Preparation Procedure/ Testing Observation Inference/ Results Presentation

Grade I Size, perspective, placement Shapes, likeness, flow Usage of light and darkness, Perfect mastery over the Inspired, technically
(4 marks) and left-over spaces utilized of drawing and flow of colour scheme, texture- colour, brush handling and the sound and good to
well. line. innovation instruments used. eyes.

Grade II Any one aspect is wrong. Any one aspect is All the above aspects are Good handling of above All above aspects are
(3 marks) wrong. without innovation. aspects. without inspiration.

Grade III Any two aspects are wrong. Any two aspects are All the above aspects are Poor handling of some aspects. Good to the eyes but
(2 marks) wrong. without proper texture. with technical errors.

Grade IV Any three aspects are Any three aspects are Only one aspect is proper Poor handling of most aspects. Not so presentable and
(1 mark) wrong. wrong. with technical errors.

Grade V All the aspects are wrong. All the aspects are All the aspects are wrong. Poor in all aspects. Unappealing in all
(0 marks) wrong. aspects.

181
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION (72)
Aims:
1. To create an awareness of the necessity for vigour 4. To develop knowledge and understanding of skills
and efficiency through physical fitness. relating to leisure time activities and of a
2. To develop knowledge and understanding of the recreational nature.
requirements for healthy living, nutrition, exercise 5. To create opportunities to develop 'esprit de corps',
and relaxation. courtesy, sportsmanship, social skills, democratic
3. To create awareness of the necessity to develop conduct and ideals.
good posture and physical poise. 6. To develop appreciation of the aesthetic and
cultural aspects of movement.
CLASS IX

There will be one written paper of two hours duration External rotation, Saddle joint - Flexion,
carrying 100 marks and Internal Assessment of Extension, Adduction, Abduction and
100 marks. Circumduction.
Meaning and examples of each of the above.
PART 1: THEORY – 100 Marks
(v) Benefits of exercise on the Skeletal System
SECTION A Increases flexibility, makes bones stronger,
1. The Human Anatomy and Physiology strengthens joints, Good posture, Brings about
a healthy lifestyle.
(i) Skeletal System: Bones
Identification of the following bones within the 2. Muscular System
body:
(i) Types of muscles
Neck – Cranium and Vertebrae, Shoulder –
Scapula and Clavicle, Thorax – Ribs and Voluntary/ skeletal, Involuntary/ Smooth/
Sternum, Fore limb – Humerus, radius, Ulna, Cardiac Muscles, Isometric and isotonic
Carpals, Metacarpals and Phalanges, Spine – Meaning of the above along with and
Vertebrae, Hip – Pelvis, Hind limb – Femur, difference.
Patella, Fibula, Tibia, Tarsals, Metatarsals
and Phalanges. (ii) Identification of Muscles
(ii) Functions of the skeletal system. Identification of the following muscles within
Framework and Support, Movement, the body: Latissimus dorsi, Deltoid, Rotator
Protection of vital organs, Mineral storage, cuffs, Pectorals, Biceps, Triceps, Abdominals,
Blood cell production. Hip flexors, Gluteals, Hamstring group,
Quadriceps group, Gastrocnemius, Tibialis
(iii) Classification of different types of joints: anterior.
Fixed joints / fibrous joints (skull), Slightly
(iii) Benefits of exercise on the muscular system.
movable joints / cartilaginous joints (knee,
elbow), Freely movable joints / Synovial joints Increases strength, endurance and power,
(wrist, ankle, shoulder, neck). better neuromuscular coordination, improves
A brief explanation of the above types of joints posture, enhances flexibility, decreases
with examples. chances of injury.
(iv) Types of joint movements in physical 3. Respiratory System
activities (i) Pathway of Air into the body.
Hinge joint - Flexion and Extension, Pivot join The mouth/nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea,
Rotation, Ball and Socket joint - Flexion, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Diaphragm, Lungs,
Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Internal and Alveoli.
214
 A brief understanding of the above with the Faster recovery to normal pulse after physical
help of diagrams. activity.
(ii) Mechanics of Breathing 5. Games and Sports
External respiration - breathing in oxygen and Games and sports and their psychological and
breathing out carbon dioxide, Diffusion of social benefits.
respiratory gasses in the alveoli, Internal
Meaning and difference between Games and
respiration - cellular respiration
sports;
(iii) Oxygen Debt and lactic acid accumulation. Psychological and social benefits: build
Meaning only. confidence, bring about emotional control, lead to
(iv) Second Wind. spirit of competitiveness, development of positive
Meaning only. attitude, right attitude towards winning and losing,
camaraderie, respecting authority, self-esteem,
(v) Vital capacity and Tidal volume. patience, resilience, cooperation, team work,
Meaning and difference. sportsmanship, fair play, leadership, time
(vi) Benefits of exercise on the respiratory system. management.
Increase in tidal volume, Respiratory muscles SECTION B
become stronger, increase in aerobic
Any two of the following games are to be studied:
endurance, Faster rate of recovery to perform
a physical activity. Cricket, Football, Hockey, Basketball, Volleyball,
4. Circulatory System Badminton.
(i) Structure of the Heart. The details for each game are given below:
Meaning and functions of: Atria (left and right CRICKET
atria), Ventricles (left and right ventricles),
1. Knowledge of the game
Arteries, Veins, Capillaries.
(ii) Heart rate, Stroke Volume, Cardiac output. 2. Rules of the game
Meaning and difference. The Field of play: Diagram of the cricket field and
(iii) Mechanism of blood circulation. pitch with measurements and specifications; The
Ball (Shape, Material, Circumference, Weight);
A brief understanding of the process of blood
The Bat (Length, Width, Material); Stumps and
circulation.
bails (Height, Width); The Players (Number of
(iv) Blood players (playing eleven and substitutes);
(a) Composition of Blood (Plasma, Red blood Substitutions; The Players’ Equipment;
cells, White blood cells, Platelets). Compulsory equipment; Types of matches (One
day, Five days, Four days and T20); Officials and
Meaning and functions.
their duties (2 field umpires, 1 third umpire, 1
(b) Blood groups - A, B, AB, O and Rh factor; match referee and 2 scorers); The Ball in and out
Hemoglobin; Blood pressure of Play; Ways of a batsman getting out.
Brief understanding of the Blood groups;
donors and recipients. Hemoglobin: 3. Fundamental skills and technique
function only; Systolic and diastolic blood Batting (On drive, off drive, Square cut and Leg
pressure (meaning and difference). glance); Fielding (Close catching, catching 'In the
(v) Benefits of exercise on the Circulatory system outfield', Long barrier and Throwing); Bowling (In
Increase in the size of heart, resting pulse swing, Out swing, Yorker and Full toss); wicket-
increases, Reduction in heart related keeping (Footwork, Catching the ball, and Diving).
problems, Improvement of the cardio –
vascular system, Increase in hemoglobin,

215
4. Terminology: Other match officials: Assistant Referees: Duties
and Signals; Fourth official: Duties; Additional
Maiden over, Hat trick, Extra,
assistant referee: Duties; Reserve assistant referee:
Dead rubber, Seam bowling, Over, Duties
No ball, Bouncer, Sight screen, The Duration of the Match: Periods of play, Half-
Bump ball, Danger area, Power play, time interval, Allowance for time lost, Penalty
Overthrow, Declaration, Appeal, kick, Abandoned match
Bodyline Bowling, Dot ball, Substitute, The Start and Restart of Play: Kick-off and its
Dead ball, Ball-tampering, Century, Procedure (start, both halves, both halves of extra
Follow-on, Golden duck, Nick, time and restarts play after a goal), Free kicks and
Nightwatchman, Tail ender, pull shot, its Procedure (Direct and Indirect), Penalty Kicks
Innings defeat, Cover drive, Innings, and its Procedure, Throw-in and its Procedure,
Straight drive, sweep shot, Hook shot, Goal kicks and its Procedure, Corner Kicks and its
Reverse sweep, Upper cut, Late cut, Procedure
Leg glance, pull shot, Flick shot, The Ball in and out of Play
Beamer, Off cutter, Leg cutter, Determining the outcome of a match: Goal scored,
Short pitch, Full length delivery, Winning team, Kicks from the penalty mark
Reverse swing, Offside: Offside position, Offside offence, No
offence
5. National and International governing bodies of
Fouls and Misconduct: Direct free kick, Indirect
Cricket
free kick, Disciplinary action (Yellow card and
BCCI - Board of Control for Cricket in India Red card), Restart of play after fouls and
ICC - International Cricket Council. misconduct.

6. National and International tournaments 3. Fundamental Skills and Technique

National Tournament: Ranji Trophy, Duleep Passing (Short pass and Long pass); Trapping
Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, (Step trap, inside trap, Thigh trap, Chest trap and
Irani Trophy, Indian Premier League Head trap); Shooting (Instep, Swerve shot, Chip
International Tournaments: ICC Cricket World and toe punt); Dribbling; Receiving; Heading;
Cup, ICC champions Trophy, ICC World T20, Tackle; Goalkeeping.
World Cricket League.
4. Terminology
FOOTBALL
Advantage, Zonal marking, Sliding Tackle,
1. Knowledge of the game Through pass, Quarter Circle, Man-to-
2. Laws of the game Man Marking, Additional time, Extra time,
Nutmeg, One-on-one, Step over,
The Field of play: Diagram of the Field with Technical area, Volley, Half Volley,
Measurements and Specifications, Height and Attacker, Defender, Chip,
Width of Goalpost, Height of Corner flags Cross, Overlap, Lob,
The Ball: Shape, Material, Circumference, weight, Banana Kick, Bicycle Kick, Wall Pass,
Air pressure Goal line technology (GLT).
The Players: Number of players (playing eleven
and substitutes), Number of substitutions allowed 5. National and International Governing Bodies
in a match, Substitution procedure AIFF - All India Football Federation
The Players’ Equipment, Compulsory Equipment FIFA - Federation Internationale de Football
The Referee: Powers and Duties, Compulsory Association
Equipment, Referee signals IFAB - International Football Association Board

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6. National and International Tournaments Dribbling (Straight dribble, Loose dribble, Indian
dribble, Dribbling pull back, One hand dribble:
National Tournament: Santosh Trophy, Subroto
right hand and reverse side) Shooting,
Cup, Federation Cup, Durand Cup, I – League
Goalkeeping
International Tournament: FIFA World Cup,
UEFA European Championship, AFC Cup
5. Terminology
HOCKEY Forehand, Playing Distance, Tackle,
Back Stick, Dangerous Play, Field Goal,
1. Knowledge of the game
Obstruction, Raised Ball, High Stick,
Hooking, Reverse stick, Push,
2. Rules of the game
Scoop, Advantage Flick, High ball,
Field of play: Diagram of the Field with Shooting circle, Under cutting, Jab,
Measurements and Specifications Foot, Give-and-go, Carry the
Composition of teams: Number of Players, ball, Centre pass, Back pass,
Substitution rule for Field players and Goalkeepers Reverse hit, Rebound, Rusher,
Captains: Identity and Responsibility Long corner, Through pass, Stroke,
Players’ clothing and equipment: Uniform and Cross, 16-yard hit,
equipment of field players, Goalkeepers
Match and result: Duration of the match and half 6. National and International Governing Bodies
time, Result of match
FIH - Fédération Internationale de Hockey
Start and re-start of the match: Procedure of Start
(French)
(centre pass) and Re-start (Bully, Free hit, Second
half) IHF - Indian Hockey Federation
Ball outside the field: Procedure to re-start from
different areas, side line, back line, after every goal 7. National and International tournaments
Method of scoring National Tournaments: All India Gurmeet
Conduct of play: Players, Goalkeepers and Players Memorial Hockey Tournament. Chandigarh, All
with Goalkeeping Privileges; Umpires India Chhatrapati Shivaji Hockey Tournament.
(Responsibilities of Umpires). Delhi, All India Indira Gold Cup Hockey
Penalties and procedures for taking penalties: Tournament, Jammu.
Awarding: Free Hit, Penalty Corner and Penalty International Tournaments: Sultan Azlan Shah
Stroke; Procedures: Free hit, Penalty corner, Hockey Tournament, World Hockey Cup,
Penalty stroke Champions Trophy.
Personal Penalties: Cautions (Verbal warning);
Temporary suspension: Green Card - 2 minutes BASKETBALL
suspension, Yellow Card- 5 minutes suspension;
Permanent suspension (Red Card) 1. Knowledge of the game
3. Equipment Specifications 2. Rules and Regulations of the Game
Field Equipment: Goal-post: (side board, back Court: Diagram of the court with Dimensions and
board and net); Flag post Specifications, Meaning of Court areas, lines,
Hockey Stick (Specification and Properties) circle, semi-circle, position of the scorer's table and
Ball: Shape, Material, Circumference, Weight, substitution chairs.
Colour Equipment needed to conduct the game
Teams: Definition, Rules, Players uniform
4. Fundamental Skills and Technique
Injured players
Passing (Push, Drive and Sweep) Captain and Coaches: Duties and powers
Trap (Upright stop & Flat stop) Duration of Play
Playing time, Tied score and Extra periods

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Status of the ball: Ball Live, Ball Dead Free Throws - Definition, Rule and Penalty
Jump ball and Alternating possession: Jump ball: Duties and Powers of: Officials, Table officials and
Definition, Procedure and Situations; Alternating Commissioner; Referee; Scorer and Assistant
possession: Definition and Procedure Scorer; Timer; Short clock operator.
How the ball is played: Definition and Rule
Control of Ball: Definition, Team Control: 3. Fundamental Skills and Technique
Continues and Ends Dribbling (high dribble, change of pace, crossover,
Goal: When made and its value, Definition, Rule between the legs and behind the back)
of scoring Passing (chest pass, bounce pass, baseball pass,
Throw-in, time-out, substitution: Definition, Rules outlet pass and no-look pass)
and procedures. Shooting (layup, jump shot, hook shot, free throw,
Game Lost by Forfeit, default, violation: Rules and bank shot and slam dunk)
Penalty
Defence (man to man defence, zone defence and
Player out of bounce and Ball Out of Bounds: combination defence)
Definition and Rule
Offence (early offence, set offence, motion
Dribbling: Definition, a dribble starts, a dribble offence, zone offence and spread offence)
ends, rule for dribbling
Rebounding (Offensive and Defensive)
Travelling: Definition, Pivot
Pivot
Closely Guarded Player: Definition and Rule
3 Seconds rule, 8 Seconds rule, 24 Seconds rule 4. Terminology
and procedure
Drive, Fake, Fast Break,
Ball returned to backcourt: Definition, Rule and Blocking, Charge, Carry,
Penalty
Screen, Double Dribble, Travel,
Goaltending and Interference: Definition and rule;
Meaning and penalty of Interference; Penalty for Triple Threat, Ball Handler, Dead Ball,
The Respective Violations. Front Court, Loose Ball, Held Ball,
Fouls – Definition; Personal Foul, Double Foul - Dunk, Field Goal, Alley-Oop,
Definition and Penalty; Technical Foul: Rules of
conduct, Violence, Definition and Penalty; Back Court, Press, Box out,
Unsportsmanlike Foul, Disqualifying foul - Double foul, Jump stop, Timeout
Definition and Penalty
Air ball, Jump ball, Game clock,
Fighting - Definition, Rule and Penalty; Penalty for
Block, Possession arrow
the respective Fouls; Five fouls by a player; Team
fouls: Definition and Rule.
5. National and International Governing Bodies of
Contact: General principles: Cylinder principle, Basketball
Principle of verticality, Legal guarding position,
guarding a player who controls the ball, Guarding BFI - Basketball Federation of India
a player who does not control the ball, A player FIBA - Federation Internationale De Basketball
who is in the air, Screening (Legal and Illegal),
Charging, Blocking, No charge semi-circle areas, 6. National and International tournaments
Contacting an opponent with the hand(s) or arm(s), National Tournaments: Youth National Basketball
Holding, Pushing Championships, Federation Cup Basketball
Championship, UBA Pro Basketball League
International Tournaments: FIBA World,
Championship, European Basketball
Championship, FIBA Asia Championship

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 VOLLEYBALL Substitution: Limitation, Exceptional,
Expulsion/disqualification, Illegal, Procedure,
1. Knowledge of the game
Improper request
2. Rules of the game Game delays: Types of delays, Delay sanctions
Playing Area: Diagram of the Play Area with Intervals and change of court
Measurements and Specifications; Diagram of Net,
Libero player: Designation of the Libero,
Antenna and Posts with measurements and
Equipment, Actions involving the libero, Re-
specifications
designation of a new libero
Ball: Shape, Material, Weight, Circumference, Air
Participants' conduct: Sportsmanlike conduct, Fair
Pressure
play
Composition of teams
Misconduct and its sanctions: Minor misconduct,
Players equipment and forbidden objects Misconduct leading to sanction, Sanction scale,
Team Leaders: Responsibility of Captain, Coach Cards used: Warning (Verbal and Yellow card);
and Assistant coach Penalty (Red card); Expulsion (Red plus Yellow
Playing Format: To score a point, To win a set, To card jointly); Disqualification (Red plus Yellow
win the match card separately)

Structure of Play: The Toss, Official warm-up Referees: Composition, Procedures, Location,
session, Team starting line-up, Positions and Authority and Responsibilities of: First referee,
Second referee, Scorer, Assistant scorer, Line
Positional fault, Rotation and Rotation fault
judges.
States of Play: Ball in play, Ball out of play, Ball
"IN", Ball "OUT" 3. Fundamental Skills and Techniques
Playing the ball: Team Hits, Characteristics of the Service (Underhand, Topspin, Float, Jump serve
hit, Faults in playing the ball, Ball at the net, Ball and Jump float)
crossing the net, Ball touching the net, Ball in the Pass (Underarm pass and Overhand pass)
net
Set (Overhead and Bump)
Player at the net: Reaching beyond the net,
Attack/spike (Backcourt, Line and cross-court
Penetration under the net, Contact with the net,
shot, Dip, Block-abuse, Off-speed hit, Quick hit,
Player's faults at the net
Slide and Double-quick hit)
Service: First service in a set, Service order, Block (Single block, Double block and Triple
Authorization of the service, Execution of the block)
service, Screening, Faults made during service,
Serving faults and Positional faults Dig

Attack hit: Characteristics, Restrictions, Faults 4. Terminology

Block: Blocking, Block contact, Blocking within Back row attack, Block assist, Side out,
the opponent's space, Block and team hits, Blocking error, Floater, Two set,
Blocking the service, Blocking faults
Extension roll, Free ball, Joust,
Interruptions, Delays and Intervals: Interruptions
(meaning); Number of regular game interruptions; Overlapping, Back set, Carry,
Sequence of regular game interruptions; Request Closing the block, Ball down, Quick set,
for regular game interruptions; Serving zone, Defence zone, Attack zone,

Time-outs and Technical time-outs Foot fault, Net violation, Trap set,

Exceptional game interruptions: Injury/illness, Reading an opponent,

External interference, Prolonged interruptions Cross-court attack

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5. National and International Governing Bodies of 3. Fundamental Skills
Volleyball
Grip (Forehand grip and Backhand grip)
VFI - Volleyball Federation of India Footwork
Serve (High serve, Low serve, Flick serve)
FIVB - Federation International De Volleyball
Strokes (Overhead forehand stroke, Overhead
backhand stroke, Underarm forehand stroke and
6. National and International tournaments
Underarm backhand stroke)
National Tournaments: Indian Volleyball League, Shots (Clearing/lobbing, Drop shots and Smash)
Federation Cup, Poornima Trophy
International Tournaments: World Championship, 4. Terminology
World Cup Volleyball, Super Challenge Cup Short serve Long serve Wide serve
Service order, Love, All,
BADMINTON Deuce, Forecourt, Mid-court,
1. Knowledge of the game Rear court, Rally, Set,
Rubber, Lunge, Clear lob,
2. Rules of the game Half smash, Full smash, Carry,
Baseline smash, Drive, Push shot,
Court: Diagram of the court with Measurements
Tumbling net shot, Net kill, Net lift
and Specifications, Court equipment (Posts and
Hairpin net shot, Alley, Back alley,
Net)
Follow through, Court, Wood shot
Shuttle: Dimensions and Specifications, Testing a Flick, Bird,
shuttle for speed Singles footwork base
Racket: Diagram of the racket with Measurements
and Specifications 5. National and International Governing Bodies of
Badminton
Toss: Procedure
Scoring system BAI - Badminton Association of India
Change of ends BWF - Badminton World Federation
Service: Singles (serving and receiving courts); 6. National and International tournaments
Doubles: Serving and receiving courts, Order of
play and position on court, Scoring and serving, National Tournaments: Indian Open Badminton
Sequence of serving Championship, Senior National Badminton
championship.
Service court errors
International Tournaments: World Championship,
Lets Thomas Cup.
Shuttle not in play
Continuous play, Misconduct and Penalties PART 2: INTERNAL ASSESSMENT - 100 Marks
Officials duties and appeals: Referee, Umpire, Please note the guidelines for internal assessment as
Service judge, Line judges given for Class X.

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 CLASS X

There will be one written paper of two hours duration Builds up strength and endurance, Improves
carrying 100 marks and Internal Assessment of skill levels, Builds motivation, ambition and
100 marks. confidence, Improves knowledge of the their
PART 1: THEORY - 100 Marks sport, Increases muscle tone, Facilitates
good circulation, Improves agility and
SECTION A flexibility, Improves the rate of waste product
1. Human Growth and Development disposal, Speeds up recovery time, More
(i) Growth and Development resistant to injury and illness, Improves
concentration, Increases self-esteem.
Meaning of growth and development and
difference between the two. (A brief understanding)
A brief understanding of the Stages: Infancy (iii) Principles of Sports Training.
(0 to 5 years), Childhood (5 to 12 years), Individuality, Specificity, Progression,
Adolescence (12 to 19 years), Adulthood (19 Overload, Adaptation, Recovery,
to 65 years and above) Reversibility, Variance, Frequency,
(ii) Factors that influence Human Growth and Continuity, Active participation,
Development Periodization, Intensity.
Hereditary, Environmental, Gender, A brief understanding of the above.
Nationality, Nutrition.
6. Safety in Sports
2. Physical Education
(i) Sports related injuries.
(i) Meaning of Physical Education
Muscle strain/Pulled muscle, Torn ACL
(ii) Objectives of Physical Education
(anterior cruciate ligament), Torn MCL (medial
Physical development, Psychological collateral ligament), Shin splints, Stress
development, Social development, Emotional fracture, Fracture, Plantar fasciitis, sprained
development. ankle, Tennis elbow, Low back pain, Hip
3. Body types Bursitis, Concussion, Achilles tendonitis,
Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph. Runner's knee.
4. Physical Fitness A brief understanding of the sports injuries
and first aid for these injuries.
(i) Meaning of Physical fitness and its
importance. (ii) Prevention of injuries.
(ii) Components of Physical Fitness. Warming up and cooling down to be done;
Cardiovascular/respiratory fitness of the participant; use of correct
endurance, Stamina, Strength, Flexibility, equipment and maintaining equipment;
Proper knowledge of rules of the game/ sport;
Power, Speed, Coordination, Agility,
Wearing the recommended protective gear;
Balance, Accuracy.
importance of resting between workouts;
(iii) Factors affecting Physical Fitness. supervision of coach / teacher; proper
Hereditary, Nutrition, Environment, Training training of skills and techniques; safe
(facilities and methods), Illness, Self- facilities.
motivation, Emotional stability, Lifestyle, 7. Health Education
Posture.
(i) Meaning and Importance of Health
5. Sports Training Education
(i) Meaning of Sports training. (ii) Nutrition
(ii) Importance of sports training and its Meaning of Nutrition and balanced diet.
objectives. Balanced Diet - basic constituents, functions

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 and sources: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, 3. Fundamental skills and technique
Vitamins, Minerals, Water, Fiber; Batting (On drive, Off drive, Square cut and Leg
A brief understanding of malnutrition - glance); Fielding (Close catching, Catching 'In the
undernutrition and overnutrition. outfield', Long barrier and Throwing); Bowling
(iii) Dietary modification for Sportsperson (In swing, Out swing, Yorker and Full toss);
wicket-keeping (Footwork, Catching the ball, and
Calories (carbohydrates; Proteins; Diving)
Vitamins; Fluid; Salts (sodium etc.)
4. Terminology
(iv) Meal planning guidelines for various physical
activities with sample menus. Maiden over, Hat trick, Extra,
8. Careers in Physical Education Dead rubber, Seam bowling, Over,
Various career options in Physical Education. No ball, Bouncer, Sight screen,
Bump ball, Danger area, Power play,
Coach, Physical Education Teachers, Overthrow, Declaration, Appeal,
professional sportsperson, Sports management,
Commentators, Officials. Bodyline Bowling, Dot ball, Substitute,
Dead ball, Ball-tampering, Century,
A brief understanding of the above. Follow-on, Golden duck, Nick,
Nightwatchman, Tailender, Pull shot,
SECTION B Innings defeat, Cover drive, Innings,
Candidates will be required to answer questions on Straight drive, Sweep shot, Hook shot,
any two of the following team games. Reverse sweep, Upper cut, Late cut,
Cricket, Football, Hockey, Basketball, Volleyball, Leg glance, Pull shot, Flick shot,
Badminton.
Beamer, Off cutter, Leg cutter,
The details for each game are given below: Short pitch, Full length delivery,
CRICKET Reverse swing,
1. Knowledge of the game 5. National and International governing bodies of
2. Rules of the game Cricket
The Field of play: Diagram of the cricket field and BCCI - Board of Control for Cricket in India
pitch with measurements and specifications; The ICC - International Cricket Council
Ball (Shape, Material, Circumference, Weight);
The Bat (Length, Width, Material); Stumps and 6. National and International tournaments
bails (Height, Width); The Players (Number of National Tournament: Ranji Trophy, Duleep
players (playing eleven and substitutes); Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Deodhar Trophy,
Substitutions; The Players’ Equipment; Irani Trophy, Indian Premier League.
Compulsory equipment; Types of matches (One International Tournaments: ICC Cricket World
day, Five days, Four days and T20); Officials and Cup, ICC champions Trophy, ICC World T20,
their duties (2 field umpires, 1 third umpire, 1 World Cricket League.
match referee and 2 scorers); The Ball in and out
of Play; Ways of a batsman getting out FOOTBALL
1. Knowledge of the game
2. Laws of the game
The Field of play: Diagram of the Field with
Measurements and Specifications, Height and
Width of Goalpost, Height of Corner flags
The Ball: Shape, Material, Circumference, weight,
Air pressure

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 The Players: Number of players (playing eleven 5. National and International Governing Bodies
and substitutes), Number of substitutions allowed AIFF - All India Football Federation
in a match, Substitution procedure
FIFA - Federation Internationale de Football
The Players’ Equipment, Compulsory Equipment Association
The Referee: Powers and Duties, Compulsory IFAB - International Football Association Board
Equipment, Referee signals
6. National and International Tournaments
Other match officials: Assistant Referees: Duties
and Signals; Fourth official: Duties; Additional National Tournaments: Santosh Trophy, Subroto
assistant referee: Duties; Reserve assistant referee: Cup, Federation Cup, Durand Cup, I – League
Duties International Tournaments: FIFA World Cup,
The Duration of the Match: Periods of play, Half- UEFA European Championship, AFC Cup
time interval, Allowance for time lost, Penalty
kick, Abandoned match HOCKEY
The Start and Restart of Play: Kick-off and its 1. Knowledge of the game
Procedure (start, both halves, both halves of extra 2. Rules of the game
time and restarts play after a goal), Free kicks and Field of play: Diagram of the Field with
its Procedure (Direct and Indirect), Penalty Kicks Measurements and Specifications
and its Procedure, Throw-in and its Procedure,
Composition of teams: Number of Players,
Goal kicks and its Procedure, Corner Kicks and its
Substitution rule for Field players and
Procedure
Goalkeepers
The Ball in and out of Play
Captains: Identity and Responsibility
Determining the outcome of a match: Goal scored,
Players’ clothing and equipment: Uniform and
Winning team, Kicks from the penalty mark
equipment of Field Players, Goalkeepers
Offside: Offside position, Offside offence, No
Match and result: Duration of the match and half
offence
time, Result of match
Fouls and Misconduct: Direct free kick, Indirect
Start and re-start of the match: Procedure of Start
free kick, Disciplinary action (Yellow card and
(centre pass) and Re-start (Bully, Free hit, Second
Red card), Restart of play after fouls and
half)
misconduct
Ball outside the field: Procedure to re-start from
3. Fundamental Skills and Technique
different areas, side line, back line, after every
Passing (Short pass and Long pass); Trapping goal
(Step trap, Inside trap, Thigh trap, Chest trap and
Method of scoring
Head trap); Shooting (Instep, Swerve shot, Chip
and toe punt); Dribbling; Receiving; Heading; Conduct of play: Players, Goalkeepers and Players
Tackle; Goalkeeping. with Goalkeeping Privileges; Umpires
(Responsibilities of Umpires).
4. Terminology
Penalties and procedures for taking penalties:
Advantage, Zonal marking, Sliding Tackle,
Awarding: Free Hit, Penalty Corner and Penalty
Through pass, Quarter Circle, Man-to-Man
Stroke; Procedures: Free hit, Penalty corner,
Marking, Additional time, Extra time,
Penalty stroke.
Nutmeg, One-on-one, Step over,
Technical area,Volley, Half Volley, Personal Penalties: Cautions (Verbal warning);
Attacker, Defender, Chip, Cross, Temporary suspension: Green Card - 2 minutes
Overlap, Lob, Banana Kick, suspension, Yellow Card- 5 minutes suspension;
Bicycle Kick, Wall Pass, Goal line technology Permanent suspension (Red Card).
(GLT)

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3. Equipment Specifications circle, semi-circle, position of the scorer's table
Field Equipment: Goal-post: (side board, back and substitution chairs.
board and net); Flag post Equipment needed to conduct the game
Hockey Stick (Specification and Properties) Teams: Definition, Rules, Players uniform
Ball: Shape, Material, Circumference, Weight, Injured players
Colour Captain and Coaches: Duties and powers
4. Fundamental Skills and Technique Duration of Play
Passing (Push, Drive and Sweep) Playing time, Tied score and Extra periods
Trap (Upright stop & Flat stop) Status of the ball: Ball Live, Ball Dead
Dribbling (Straight dribble, Loose dribble, Indian Jump ball and Alternating possession: Jump ball:
dribble, Dribbling pull back, One hand dribble: Definition, Procedure and Situations; Alternating
right hand and reverse side) possession: Definition and Procedure
Shooting, Goalkeeping. How the ball is played: Definition and Rule
5. Terminology Control of Ball: Definition, Team Control:
Forehand, Playing Distance, Tackle, Continues and Ends
Back Stick, Dangerous Play, Field Goal, Goal: When made and its value, Definition, Rule
Obstruction, Raised Ball, High Stick, of scoring
Hooking, Reverse stick, Push,
Scoop, Advantage Flick, High ball, Throw-in, time-out, substitution: Definition,
Rules and procedures.
Shooting circle, Under cutting, Jab,
Game Lost by Forfeit, default, violation: Rules
Foot, Give-and-go, Carry the and Penalty
ball, Centre pass, Back pass,
Player out of bounce and Ball Out of Bounds:
Reverse hit, Rebound, Rusher, Definition and Rule
Long corner, Through pass, Stroke,
Dribbling: Definition, a dribble starts, a dribble
Cross, 16-yard hit, ends, rule for dribbling
6. National and International Governing Bodies Travelling: Definition, Pivot
FIH - Fédération Internationale de Hockey Closely Guarded Player: Definition and Rule
(French)
3 Seconds rule, 8 Seconds rule, 24 Seconds rule
IHF - Indian Hockey Federation and procedure
7. National and International tournaments Ball returned to backcourt: Definition, Rule and
National Tournaments: All India Gurmeet Penalty
Memorial Hockey Tournament. Chandigarh, All Goaltending and Interference: Definition and rule;
India Chhatrapati Shivaji Hockey Tournament. Meaning and penalty of Interference; Penalty for
Delhi, All India Indira Gold Cup Hockey The Respective Violations
Tournament, Jammu.
Fouls – Definition; Personal Foul, Double Foul -
International Tournaments: Sultan Azlan Shah Definition and Penalty; Technical Foul: Rules of
Hockey Tournament, World Hockey Cup, conduct, Violence, Definition and Penalty;
Champions Trophy. Unsportsmanlike Foul, Disqualifying foul -
Definition and Penalty
BASKETBALL
Fighting - Definition, Rule and Penalty; Penalty
1. Knowledge of the game for the respective Fouls; Five fouls by a player;
2. Rules and Regulations of the Game Team fouls: Definition and Rule.
Court: Diagram of the court with Dimensions and Contact: General principles: Cylinder principle,
Specifications, Meaning of Court areas, lines, Principle of verticality, Legal guarding position,

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 Guarding a player who controls the ball, Guarding International Tournaments:
a player who does not control the ball, A player FIBA World Championship, European
who is in the air, Screening (Legal and Illegal), Basketball championship, FIBA Asia
Charging, Blocking, No charge semi-circle areas, Championship
Contacting an opponent with the hand(s) or
arm(s), Holding, Pushing VOLLEYBALL
Free Throws - Definition, Rule and Penalty 1. Knowledge of the game
Duties and Powers of: Officials, Table officials 2. Rules of the game
and Commissioner; Referee; Scorer and Assistant
Scorer; Timer; Short clock operator Playing Area: Diagram of the Play Area with
Measurements and Specifications; Diagram of
3. Fundamental Skills and Technique Net, Antenna and Posts with measurements and
Dribbling (high dribble, change of pace, specifications
crossover, between the legs and behind the back) Ball: Shape, Material, Weight, Circumference, Air
Passing (chest pass, bounce pass, baseball pass, Pressure
outlet pass and no-look pass) Composition of teams
Shooting (layup, jump shot, hook shot, free throw, Players equipment and forbidden objects
bank shot and slam dunk)
Team Leaders: Responsibility of Captain, Coach
Defence (man to man defence, zone defence and and Assistant coach
combination defence)
Playing Format: To score a point, To win a set, To
Offence (early offence, set offence, motion win the match
offence, zone offence and spread offence)
Structure of Play: The Toss, Official warm-up
Rebounding (Offensive and Defensive) session, Team starting line-up, Positions and
Pivot Positional fault, Rotation and Rotation fault
4. Terminology States of Play: Ball in play, Ball out of play, Ball
Drive, Fake, Fast Break, "IN", Ball "OUT"
Blocking, Charge, Carry, Playing the ball: Team Hits, Characteristics of the
Screen, Double Dribble, Travel, hit, Faults in playing the ball, Ball at the net, Ball
crossing the net, Ball touching the net, Ball in the
Triple Threat, Ball Handler, Dead Ball, net.
Front Court, Loose Ball, Held Ball, Player at the net: Reaching beyond the net,
Dunk, Field Goal, Alley-Oop, Penetration under the net, Contact with the net,
Back Court, Press, Box out, Player's faults at the net
Double foul, Jump stop, Timeout Service: First service in a set, Service order,
Authorization of the service, Execution of the
Air ball, Jump ball, Game clock, service, Screening, Faults made during service,
Block, Possession arrow Serving faults and Positional faults
5. National and International Governing Bodies of Attack hit: Characteristics, Restrictions, Faults
Basketball Block: Blocking, Block contact, Blocking within
BFI - Basketball Federation of India the opponent's space, Block and team hits,
FIBA - Federation Internationale De Basketball Blocking the service, Blocking faults
6. National and International tournaments Interruptions, Delays and Intervals: Interruptions
(meaning); Number of regular game interruptions;
National Tournaments: Sequence of regular game interruptions; Request
Youth National Basketball Championships, for regular game interruptions;
Federation Cup Basketball Championship, UBA Time-outs and Technical time-outs
Pro Basketball League

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 Exceptional game interruptions: Injury/illness, 5. National and International Governing Bodies of
External interference, Prolonged interruptions Volleyball
Substitution: Limitation, Exceptional, VFI - Volleyball Federation of India
Expulsion/disqualification, Illegal, Procedure, FIVB - Federation International De Volleyball
Improper request
6. National and International tournaments
Game delays: Types of delays, Delay sanctions
National Tournaments: Indian Volleyball League,
Intervals and change of court Federation Cup, Poornima Trophy
Libero player: Designation of the Libero, International Tournaments: World
Equipment, Actions involving the libero, Re- Championship, World Cup Volleyball, Super
designation of a new libero Challenge Cup
Participants' conduct: Sportsmanlike conduct, Fair
play BADMINTON
Misconduct and its sanctions: Minor misconduct, 1. Knowledge of the game
Misconduct leading to sanction, Sanction scale, 2. Rules of the game
Cards used: Warning (Verbal and Yellow card); Court: Diagram of the court with Measurements
Penalty (Red card); Expulsion (Red plus Yellow and Specifications, Court equipment (Posts and
card jointly); Disqualification (Red plus Yellow Net)
card separately)
Shuttle: Dimensions and Specifications, Testing a
Referees: Composition, Procedures, Location, shuttle for speed
Authority and Responsibilities of: First referee,
Second referee, Scorer, Assistant scorer, Line Racket: Diagram of the racket with Measurements
judges. and Specifications
3. Fundamental Skills and Techniques Toss: Procedure
Service (Underhand, Topspin, Float, Jump serve Scoring system
and Jump float) Change of ends
Pass (Underarm pass and Overhand pass) Service: Singles (serving and receiving courts);
Set (Overhead and Bump) Doubles: Serving and receiving courts, Order of
play and position on court, Scoring and serving,
Attack/spike (Backcourt, Line and cross-court Sequence of serving
shot, Dip, Block-abuse, Off-speed hit, Quick hit,
Slide and Double-quick hit) Service court errors
Block (Single block, Double block and Triple Lets
block) Shuttle not in play
Dig Continuous play, Misconduct and Penalties
4. Terminology Officials duties and appeals: Referee, Umpire,
Back row attack, Block assist, Side out, Service judge, Line judges
Blocking error, Floater, Two set, 3. Fundamental Skills
Extension roll, Free ball, Joust, Grip (Forehand grip and Backhand grip)
Overlapping, Back set, Carry, Footwork
Closing the block, Ball down, Quick set, Serve (High serve, Low serve, Flick serve)
Serving zone, Defence zone, Attack
Strokes (Overhead forehand stroke, Overhead
zone,
backhand stroke, Underarm forehand stroke and
Foot fault, Net violation, Trap set, Underarm backhand stroke)
Reading an opponent, Shots (Clearing/lobbing, Drop shots and Smash)
Cross-court attack

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4. Terminology 2. Work to be assessed by the External Examiner
Short serve Long serve Wide serve 50 marks
Service order, Love, All, The assessment of the work of the candidates by
Deuce, Forecourt, Mid-court, the External Examiner will be in two parts:
Rear court, Rally, Set, A. Physical efficiency tests.
Rubber, Lunge, Clear lob, B. Specialization tests.
Half smash, Full smash, Carry, A. Physical Efficiency Tests
Baseline smash, Drive, Push shot, The following tests to evaluate the physical fitness of
Tumbling net shot, Net kill, Net lift candidates will be organized and conducted in the
Hairpin net shot, Alley, Back alley, presence of the External Examiner. Tests should be
carried out over the duration of two days.
Follow through, Court, Wood shot
(a) Test 1
Flick, Bird,
50 metre run. Standing start. Timings to be taken to the
Singles footwork base nearest tenth of a second (weather should be relatively
windless without extremes of temperature).
5. National and International Governing Bodies of
Badminton (b) Test 2
BAI - Badminton Association of India Standing long jump. A flat non-slip surface should be
used. The candidates should stand with toes just
BWF - Badminton World Federation behind the take-off line and jump when ready. After
making a preliminary swing with the arms, the
6. National and International tournaments
candidate swings them forward vigorously, springing
National Tournaments: Indian Open Badminton with both feet simultaneously to land as far forward as
Championship, Senior National Badminton possible. Distance jumped, to be measured in
championship centimeters.
International Tournaments: World Championship, (c) Test 3
Thomas Cup
Distance run - 1000 meters run for boys, 600 meters
run for girls. Time to be taken to the nearest second.
PART 2: INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (100 Marks)
(d) Test 4
Practical work will be assessed in two parts as
follows: (i) Floor push-ups for boys - The boys take a front-
leaning position with body supported on hands and
(i) Assessment by the Teacher(s).
balls of feet; the arms are straight and at right
(ii) Assessment by an External Examiner. angle to the body. He then dips or lowers the body
1. Work to be assessed by Teacher (s) - 50 marks. so that the chest nearly touches the floor, he then
pushes back to the starting position by
The skill and performance of the candidates will straightening the arms and repeats the procedures
be assessed by the teacher(s), responsible for as many times as possible. The arms must be
preparing the candidates for the examination, in completely extended with each push-up; the body
two of the following games and activities of their must be held straight throughout. Scoring consists
choice: of the number of correct push-ups.
Athletics, cricket, hockey, football, handball, (ii) Push-ups for girls -- This is executed from a stall
volleyball, softball, basketball, tennis, badminton, bar bench or a stool 32cm high by 50 cm long and
swimming, dancing, gymnastics, yoga, boxing, 35 cm wide. It should be placed on the floor about
wrestling, judo and karate, table tennis, kho-kho 15 cm from a wall so that the subjects will not take
and kabaddi. a position too far forward. The girl should grasp
the outer edges of the bench, or stool, at the nearest
corners and assume the front-leaning rest position,

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 with the balls of her feet on the floor and with her (ii) Fields events
body and arms forming a right angle. She should Boys - long jump, high jump, hop-step-and-jump,
then lower her body so that the upper chest touches pole vault, shot put, discus and javelin throw.
the near edge of the bench or stool, then raise it to
a straight arm position as many times as possible. Girls - long jump, high jump, shot put (8 lbs.) and
The girl's body should be held straight throughout. throwing the softball.
If the body sways or arches, if the subject does not (b) Gymnastics - The candidates will be tested in four
go completely down or does not push completely exercises using any two of the following apparatus
up, half credit is given (up to 4 half credits). of their choice:
(e) Test 5 (i) Ground/mat work
Shuttle run. A flat course of 10 meters is required Boys - Front roll, back roll, cartwheel,
to be measured between two parallel base lines. headspring, handspring, handstand, and
Behind each base line, as a semicircle 50 cm somersault.
radius with centre on the base line is required to be Girls - Ballet, flexibility and agility
marked. Two wooden blocks (10 cm x 5 cm x 5 movements -- the front split, the pirouette, the
cm) are to be placed in the far semicircle. The toe stand, the ballet touch, the body sweep, the
candidate stands with feet behind the base line, arabesque, the single- leg balance, the
and on a signal, runs to the far line and picks up balance; front roll, back roll, cartwheel.
one block which the candidate places in the
starting semicircle when he/she returns. Then (ii) The balance beam - (girls only)
turning without a rest, they run back to retrieve the Mounts - The straight arm support mount, the
second block and carry it back across the finish squat mount, the one knee mount, and the
line. crotch seat mount. Poses and Movements,
(f) Test 6 walking the beam, the pivot, the pirouette turn,
jumping on the beam. Dismounts -- the side-
30 - second sit-ups. The candidate lies with his/her seat dismount, the front vault dismount.
back on a mat or flat surface, feet about 30 cm
apart and knees flexed at right angles. The (iii) Parallel bars
candidate's hands with fingers interlocked are Boys - The straight arm support, the straddle
placed behind the head. A partner holds the seat, the back roll to a straddle-seat, the
candidate's feet in contact with the mat or floor. On shoulder balance, the single-let flank
the signal "Go" the candidate sits up to touch the dismount, the double-leg flank dismount.
knees with his/her elbows. Without pause he/she Girls - The straight arm support, swinging, the
returns to his/her starting position and immediately straddle seat, the forward roll.
sits up again. The number of sit-ups completed in
(iv) Vaulting Horse
30 seconds are to be counted.
Boys - The side vault, the through vault, the
B. Specialization Tests
straddle vault, the head spring vault. High
Candidates will be tested in the presence of an horse - the side vault, the through vault, the
External Examiner, in one of the following activities straddle vault. Long horse -- the through vault,
listed below: the straddle vault.
(a) Athletics (b) Gymnastics (c) Swimming Girls - The side vault, the squat stand
(d) Dancing (e) Yoga. dismount, the straddle vault, the straddle
(a) Athletics - The candidates will choose any two of stand, the head spring vault.
the following events in which they wish to be (v) Horizontal bar - (boys only)
tested:
Upward swing and dismount, swinging to
(i) Track events mount and dismount, swinging and changing
Boys - 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m. hands to face opposite direction.
Girls – 50 m, 100 m, 200 m and 800 m.

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(c) Swimming - The candidates will be tested in any Marks
two of the following of their choice. (a) Achievement of skills and performance 30
Boys - Freestyle – 50 m, 100 m, 200 m and 400 m; (b) Attendance 05
Breast stroke – 50 m, 100 m; (c) Participation in voluntary and intramural
Backstroke – 50 m, 100 m; activities 10
Butterfly stroke – 50 m, 100 m; (d) Representation of the School at different
Diving - standing one-leg dive, standing semi- levels - Inter-School, District, State 05
crouch dive, standing stationary dive, the front Achievement of skills and performances
jump dive from the springboard. In assessing the achievement of skills and
Girls - Freestyle – 50 m, 100 m and 200 m; performances, the following factors should be
Breast stroke – 50 m, 75 m; considered:
Backstroke – 50 m, 75 m; (a) Team games (See para 2, Section B) Marks
Butterfly stroke – 50 m, 75 m; (i) Ability in fundamental skills 15
Diving - standing one-leg dive, standing semi- (ii) Ability in a particular skill 05
crouch dive, standing stationary dive, the front (iii) Utilisation of fundamental
jump dive from the springboard.
skills during a game 05
(d) Dancing - The candidates will be required to give
a performance of any two of the following (iv) Offensive and defensive skills 05
dances/movements, of their choice, with suitable (b) Athletics
accompaniments:
The actual performance of the candidates should
(i) Combination of dance movements and be tested in the events chosen by him/her and
ground-mat work. assessed according to the five-point grading
(ii) Indian dancing -- Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, system given below:
Kathakali, Kathak, Manipuri, Bhangra, any
other folk dance. Marks
(iii) Western dancing -- ballet; ballroom dancing - A – Excellent 26-30
waltz, foxtrot, tango, samba, Charleston, B - Very Good 21-25
square dancing; pop-dancing - jitterbug, twist, C – Good 16-20
rock and roll.
D – Average 11-15
(e) Yoga - The candidates will be tested in any four
of the following. asanas. E - Below Average 10 & less
Ugrasam, dhamrekhasan, singhasan, (c) Swimming Marks
ultanmandhukasan, kukutasans, naunli, kapala, (i) Ability in basic skills 15
bhathi, shavasan, shirashasan, shalabhasan,
bakasan and mayurasan. e.g. breathing, floating, arm movements,
combined elementary movement, changing
METHOD OF ASSESSMENT BY TEACHERS body positions and directions and treading
water
The teacher(s) will assess the candidates, skill and
performance in the two games and activities of their (ii) Ability in stroke skills 05
choice. They will mark the candidates out of 50 marks (iii) Ability in diving skills 05
as follows:
(iv) Speed and endurance 05

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(d) Dancing Marks (a) Athletics
(i) Ability to keep rhythm 10 The candidates will be assessed in their performance
(ii) Expression and grace of movements 08 in any two of the events of their choice as given in the
syllabus, in accordance with the table attached as
(iii) Ease of performance 08
Appendix B.
(iv) Endurance 04
(b) Gymnastics
(e) Gymnastics Marks The candidates will be assessed in their performance
in four exercises, to be nominated by the External
(i) Willingness to perform 05
Examiner, using any two apparatus of the candidates'
(ii) Knowledge of sequence & choice. The External Examiner will give marks for
Performance of exercise 15 each exercise as follows:
(iii) Form, grace and ease of performance 05 Marks
(iv) Landing or recovery technique 05 (i) Perfect performance in form, grace and
timing 05
(f) Boxing, Wrestling, Judo and Karate Marks (ii) Satisfactory performance but for minor
(i) Courage, confidence, fault in form & timing 04
self-reliance & endurance 10 (iii) Performance with poor form e.g. bent
knees, toes not pointed 03
(ii) Foot work/holds 04
(iv) No form or grace but knowledge of performance
(iii) Offensive techniques 08
of exercise 02
(iv) Defensive techniques 08
(v) An attempt to perform 01
(g) Yoga Marks (c) Swimming
(i) Ability to assume the posture/activity 10 The candidates will be assessed in any two of the
events of their choice in accordance with the table
(ii) Knowledge of sequence for final given at Appendix D attached.
pose/activity 10
(d) Dancing
(iii) Perfection in posture/activity with
The candidates will be assessed in two dance
grace & poise 05
performances of their choice as given in the syllabus.
(iv) Performing a post activity with ease & The External Examiner will mark them on each
maintaining it for a length of time with performance as follows:
relaxation 05 Qualities Marks
METHOD OF ASSESSMENT BY THE (i) Knowledge of the steps/poses 04
EXTERNAL EXAMINER (ii) Grace and poise 02
Physical Efficiency Tests (iii) Rhythm and timing 02
The External Examiner will assess the performance of (iv) Endurance 02
the candidates in the physical efficiency test in (e) Yoga
accordance with the Performance Table at Appendix The candidates will be assessed in any four of the
A attached. He/she will mark the candidates out of 30 asanas given in the syllabus, to be nominated by the
marks based on his assessment. External Examiner. The External Examiner will mark
Specialisation Tests the candidates in each asana as follows:
Marks
The External Examiner will assess the performance of (i) Perfect performance 05
the candidates in the activity that they have chosen for
(ii) Satisfactory performance with minor error in
specialisation (See (ii) Specialisation Tests) out of 20
form 04
marks. The basis of his/her assessment for each
activity is given in the ensuing paragraphs. (iii) Performance with poor form 03
(iv) No form but knowledge of how to perform
the asanas 02
(v) Poor form and knowledge of performance 01

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 APPENDIX A
PERFORMANCE TABLE - PHYSICAL EDUCATION - PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY TESTS

Marks Test No.1 Test No.2 Test No.3 Test No.4 Test No.5 Test No.6
50 m dash Standing long Distance run Push-ups Shuttle run 30 sit-ups
(Timings in seconds and jump (Timings in min and s) (Numbers) (Timings in s and (Numbers)
tenths) (Distance in cm) tenths)

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
1000 m 600 m

5 7.3 7.7 179 164 4 min 40 s 2 min 45 s 24 20 10.4 11.0 22 15

4 7.4 8.0 172 152 4 min 50 s 2 min 55 s 16 12 10.7 11.3 20 13

3 7.6 8.3 165 146 5 min 3 min 05 s 10 6 11.0 11.6 18 11

2 7.9 8.6 158 139 5 min 10 s 3 min 15 s 6 3 11.3 11.9 16 9

1 8.3 8.9 151 129 5 min 20 s 3 min 25 s 3 1 11.7 12.2 13 6

Note: For timings in between or higher than those indicated in the table the lower mark should be given.
For distances in between or lower than those indicated in the table the lower mark should be given.

231
APPENDIX B
PERFORMANCE TABLE - PHYSICAL EDUCATION - SPECIALISATION TESTS
ATHLETICS - TRACK EVENTS
(All Measurements in Metres and Centimetres)

Marks 50 m 100 m 200 m 400 m 800 m 1500 m

(s and tenths) (s and tenths) (s and tenths) (s and tenths) (min and s) (min and s)

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Boys Girls Boys

10 7.3 13.0 15.5 26.5 31.0 57.0 2:25 2:55 5:10

9 7.5 13.2 15.7 27.0 31.5 58.0 2:30 3:00 5:15
8 7.6 13.3 16.0 27.3 32.0 59.0 2:34 3:04 5:20
7 7.7 13.5 16.3 27.5 32.5 60.0 2:36 3:06 5:25
6 7.8 13.6 16.5 27.7 33.0 61.0 2:38 3:08 5:30
5 7.9 13.7 16.7 28.0 33.5 62.0 2:40 3:10 5:35
4 8.0 14.6 17.0 28.5 34.0 63.0 2:42 3:12 5:40
3 8.1 15.1 17.5 29.0 34.5 63.5 2:44 3:16 5:45
2 8.2 15.5 18.0 29.5 35.0 64.0 2:46 3:20 5:50
1 8.4 16.0 18.5 30.0 35.5 64.5 2:48 3:30 6:00

Note: For timings in between or higher than those indicated in the table the lower mark should be given.

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 APPENDIX C
PERFORMANCE TABLE – PHYSICAL EDUCATION SPECIALIZATION TESTS
ATHELETIC – FIELD EVENTS

Marks Long Jump High Jump Shot Put Hops step & Pole Vault Discuss Javelin Soft ball
(m & cm) (m & cm) (m & cm) Jump (m & cm) (m & cm) (m & cm) Throw
12 lbs 8 lbs (m & cm) 1 kg (m & cm)
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Boys Boys Boys Girls
10 5.00 4.50 1.45 1.35 9.00 7.50 10.00 2.00 22.00 33.00 20.00
9 4.70 4.20 1.40 1.30 8.00 7.00 9.60 1.90 20.00 31.00 18.00
8 4.40 3.90 1.35 1.25 7.50 6.50 9.20 1.80 18.50 29.00 16.00
7 4.10 3.60 1.30 1.20 7.00 6.00 8.80 1.70 17.00 27.00 14.00
6 3.80 3.30 1.25 1.15 6.50 5.50 8.40 1.60 15.50 25.00 12.00
5 3.50 3.00 1.20 1.10 6.00 5.00 8.00 1.50 14.00 23.00 10.00
4 3.20 2.70 1.15 1.05 5.50 4.50 7.60 1.40 12.50 21.00 9.00
3 2.90 2.40 1.10 1.00 5.00 4.00 7.20 1.30 11.00 19.00 8.00
2 2.60 2.10 1.05 0.95 4.50 3.50 6.80 1.20 9.50 17.00 7.00
1 2.30 1.80 0.95 0.90 4.00 3.00 6.40 1.10 8.00 15.00 6.00

Note: For distance in between or lower than those indicated in the table the lower marks should be given.

233
 APPENDIX D
PERFORMANCE TABLE - PHYSICAL EDUCATION - SPECIALISATION TESTS - SWIMMING

Marks 50 m free style 100 m free style 200 m free style 400 m free 50 m breast stroke 75m 100 m
(s and tenths) (min and s) (min and s) style (min and s) breast stroke breast stroke
(min and s) (min and s) (min and s)

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Boys Girls Girls Boys

10 45.0 55.0 1:30 1:50 3:00 3:40 6:00 1:05 1:20 2:00 2:15
9 46.3 56.3 1:32.5 1:53 3:05 3:46 6:10 1:07.5 1:22.5 2:03.5 2:17.5
8 47.5 57.5 1:35 1:55 3:10 3:50 6:20 1:10 1:25 2:07.5 2:20
7 50.0 60.0 1:40 2:00 3:20 4:00 6:40 1:12.5 1:27.5 2:10.5 2:25
6 52.5 62.5 1:45 2:05 3:30 4:10 7:00 1:15 1:30 2:15 2:30
5 55.0 65.0 1:50 2:10 3:40 4:20 7:20 1:17.5 1:32.5 2:18.5 2:35
4 5705 67.5 1:55 2:15 3:50 4:30 7:40 1:20 1:35 2:22.5 2:40
3 58.7 68.7 1:57.5 2:17.5 3:55 4:35 7:50 1:22 1:37 2:25.5 2:42.5
2 60.0 70.0 2:00 2:20 4:00 4:40 8:00 1:24 1:39 2:28.5 2:45
1 61.2 71.2 2:02.5 2:22.5 4:05 4:45 8:10 1:26 1:41 2:30.5 2:47

Note: For timings in between or higher than those indicated in the table the lower mark should be given.

234
 APPENDIX E
PERFORMANCE TABLE - PHYSICAL EDUCATION - SPECIALISATION TESTS - SWIMMING (CONTINUED)

Marks 50 m back 75 m back 100 m 50 m butterfly 75 m 100 m Diving

stroke stroke back stroke butterfly butterfly
(min and s) (min and s) stroke (min and s) stroke stroke
(min (min and s) (min and s)
and s)
Boys Girls Girls Boys Boys Girls Girls Boys Description of action

10 0:55 1:10 1:45 2:00 0:55 1:05 1:37.5 1:50 Vertical, erect body, arms and legs
9 1:00 1:15 1:52 2:00.5 0:57 1:10 1:45 1:52.5 together

8 1:02.5 1:17.5 1:56 2:05 1:00 1:12.5 1:49 1:55 Poor angle (either backward or
7 1:05 1:20 2:00 2:10 1:02.5 1:15 1:53 2:00 forward)

6 1:07.5 1:22.5 2:05 2:15 1:05 1:17.5 1:58 2:05 Poor angle, opening of arms in front,
5 1:10 1:25 2:07.5 2:20 1:07.5 1:20 2:01 2:10 side, etc.

4 1:12.5 1:27.5 2:11 2:25 1:10 1:22.5 2:04 2:15 Poor angle, opening of arms and legs
3 1:14 1:29 2:14 2:27.5 1:12.5 1:24 2:07 2:17.5

2 1:15 1:30 2:16 2:30 1:14 1:25 2:09 2:20 Poor angle, opening of arms and legs
1 1:16 1:31 2:18 2:32.5 1:16 1:26 2:11 2:25 and fight

*Note: For timings in between or higher than those indicated in the table the lower mark should be given.

235