SPS and SBM-UG CU Combined Workshop on Plagiarism APA

and Critical Writing

August 2022
School of Postgraduate Studies
FT Acad CU MSc EBM/EM and MBA GB/GFS

Dr. John Heng

(Program Director)

Email:
john.heng@psb-
academy.edu.sg

Mr Alex Soon Dr. Florence Ng

Dr. Tey Jia Sin
Email: Email:
Email:
alex.soon@psb- florence.ng@psb-
jiasin.tey@psb-
academy.edu.sg academy.edu.sg
academy.edu.sg
Document Classification: Restricted / Confidential
 SBM-UG: CU Programme Leaders

Dr. Melissa Liow Dr. Tamilchelvi Ms. Salitha Nair

Assistant Head of School Senior Lecturer Dr. Swami Nyayapati Mr. Victor Ong
Senior Lecturer
PL: CU IHTM PL: CU AF & BF Senior Lecturer Asst Lecturer II
PL: CU BM & DM
melissa.liow@psb- Chelvi.CHOKKALINGAM@ PL: CU GL PL: CU MC
Salitha.Nair@psb-
academy.edu.sg psb-academy.edu.sg swami.nyayapati@psb- victor.ong@psb-
academy.edu.sg
academy.edu.sg academy.edu.sg
 At the end of this session you should be able to:

• Understand what is meant by plagiarism

• Avoid plagiarising others’ work
• Understand how to use APA referencing correctly
• Know where to seek advice on accurate referencing
• Examples

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Avoiding Plagiarism & APA Referencing

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8
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Examples

• Collusion
• Falsification
• Deceit
• Cheating
• Plagiarism
Details

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Collusion

• Conscious collaboration, without official approval

• Between two or more students
• In preparation of work submitted as individual work
• Where one/more students have copied some students work, both(all)
may be penalised

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Falsification

• Presentation of fictitious or deliberate distorted data

• For example in surveys and projects
• Also includes citing references that do not exist.

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Deceit

• Misrepresentation or non-disclosure of relevant information

• Failure to disclose any cases of work being submitted for assessment which has been
or will be used for other academic purposes

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Cheating

• Any attempt to gain unfair advantage in assessment or assisting another to do

so
• taking unauthorised material into exam rooms
• Copying from other students
• Collusion, impersonation, plagiarism or prior access to exam papers

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Plagiarism

It is considered academic dishonesty regardless of

whether deliberate or just due to poor referencing
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skills.
Oxford English Dictionary 2013
Coventry University Definition

“Plagiarism is intentionally or unintentionally reproducing

(copying, rewording, paraphrasing, adapting, etc) work that
was produced by another person(s) without proper
acknowledgment in an attempt to gain academic benefit.
Intentionally or negligently allowing such reproduction to
happen may also constitute plagiarism.”

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Examples

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Examples

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Examples

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High Similarity %

Company’s Information.

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 CU updates

Plagiarism Guideline
The following table is to be used as suggested guide for the penalties to be imposed for
coursework.
Level of Study Master Level
Level of Breach Action to be taken on a case-by-case basis can include the Similarity %, after filtering
followings (depending on the severity):
Unintentional/Minor 1) Warning (verbal/written) Ranges from 1% to 15%
2) Counselling on Plagiarism
3) No Penalty
4) Marks Capped at Pass (on the high side)
Moderate 1) Zero Mark for Assignment Ranges from 16 to 20%
2) If Repeated Moderate Breach, Zero Mark for Module
Considerable/Major 1) Zero Mark for Module More than 20%
2) Expulsion from course of study
Note: should the university’s penalties differ then PSB Academy will defer to the relevant
university procedure
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• CU has ZERO tolerance policy
against Self Plagiarism.
• Normally will reflect as student
papers in SI reports.

If suspect GhostWriting, what would happen?

• Lecturer would alert the CU Program Leader.
• A meeting with student will be organized.
• If student can defend paper, allow normal submission process.
• If student cannot, CU Program Leader to highlight to CU link
tutor to activate academic integrity process.
• Student can risk expulsion from the programme.
Late Submission and Turnitin Report regeneration :
Late Submission:
7.5 Work for assessment submitted after the notified deadline shall be
awarded a mark of 0% or a fail grade as appropriate.
7.6 Students who fail to submit work for assessment or attend
examinations shall be deemed to have failed the assessments
concerned and shall be recorded as absent.

Turnitin Report:
Similarity Reports will regenerate within an hour of the due date and
time to allow student submissions to compare against one another
within the assignment.
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How To Avoid Plagiarism:
When to Cite Sources
• Which of these statement need a citation?

• “Depression affects 1 in 15 adults globally”

• “All raw meat should be cooked to an internal temperature of at least 150 degrees”

• “It felt like it was at least 40 degree Celsius outside”

• “We felt that one class that should be mandatory in all colleges is finance. This is
due to the fact that in 2015 alone, the average student loan debt was over $20 000”

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How To Avoid Plagiarism:
When to Cite Sources

• Rule of thumb:

1. How do I know this information?

2. Am I presenting this information as a fact?
3. When I typed this information in a search engine, did I find sources
that had published this idea?

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How To Avoid Plagiarism:
When to Cite Sources

• Do you need to cite a source when you are putting information in your
own words?

• “I have often felt the first Shakespeare play one should encounter is The
Comedy of Errors. This play, while short, is filled with the most
interesting characters - my favorite being Dromio of Ephesus, who has
the first encounter of mistaken identity.'”

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Referencing Quick Guide
• What is referencing and why must I do it?

• Referencing is a key academic practice for university students, whereby you

acknowledge your sources as citation.

• This gives authors credit for their contribution to your understanding, whilst
also giving those who read your work the opportunity to reproduce your
research by studying the same texts you have used.

• You can lose marks for incorrect citation, and you may be accused of
plagiarism or academic misconduct.

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Referencing Quick Guide

• The Institute of Education promotes APA 7th edition, which is commonly used in
education, psychology and other social sciences.

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When to reference

You should cite the work of those individuals whose ideas theories or
research have directly influenced your work, for example whenever you:

• paraphrase another person’s ideas

• quote directly
• refer to data or data sets
• adapt or reprint a table
• use images or graphics you did not create yourself
• reprint long passages of text.

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 CONTENT

1) Introduction to APA referencing

2) How to reference
3) Authors
4) Hints and tips
5) An example of a piece of writing and a list of references
6) Book
7) Journal article
8) Webpages and electronic reports
9) Figures

Library

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Introduction to APA referencing

Within Coventry University, most courses and subject areas use APA (7th
edition) style of referencing. This very quick guide is intended to help you
get started.

You must reference in your assignments. If you do not, it is considered plagiarism.

You can lose marks, and may fail the assignment. You must reference when:
• you use a direct quote (you must also put the quote in ‘quotation marks’)
• you paraphrase something you have read, by putting it into your own words
• you summarise what someone else has said about a topic and
• you include data, images, diagrams etc. that you did not create yourself.
Accurate referencing can earn you marks, as citing the work of others
shows that you are widening your understanding through reading, adds
evidence to your assignment and strengthens your arguments.
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How to reference

APA referencing has two elements to it: the in-text citation, and the list of
references.
In-text citations are short references which go in the body of your assignment. They include the
author’s last name, or a company name, the year of publication, and the page number if
relevant.
If you use the author’s name in your sentence, put the other details directly after the name. For
example: Ward (2016, p. 33) claims that a virtual learning environment can enhance your
learning. Otherwise, put the in-text citation at the end of the sentence.
For instance: it is argued that a virtual learning environment may also increase student
collaboration (Zisu, 2017, p. 10).

Every in-text citation should have a matching entry in the

list of references, and vice versa.
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Con’t
How to reference

APA referencing has two elements to it: the in-text citation, and the list of
references.

The list of references goes at the end of your assignment. It includes all of the
additional information about a source, such as the title and publisher. Your
references should be in alphabetical order by author and in a single list.

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Authors
One or two authors
If a source has one or two authors, you should use all of their names in both the in-text
citation and list of references. For example:
• (McCall & Taylor, 2014, p. 98)
• McCall, J., & Taylor, J. (2014). A guide to computers (2nd ed.). Palgrave.

Three to five authors

If a source has three or more authors, in the in-text citation, you should use all
of their names in the first in-text citation. For the subsequent citation, you
should use the first author’s name followed by ‘et al.,’. You must list all authors
in the list of references. For example:
• First citation: (Wilson, Mohammed, Quinn, & Amos, 2017, p. 103)
• Subsequent citation: (Wilson et al., 2017, p. 103)
• Wilson, J., Mohammed, S., Quinn, J., & Amos, T. (2017). Guide to management
34 (3rd ed.). Palgrave.
Authors

Six or more authors

If a source has three or more authors, in the in-text citation, you should use the first
author’s name followed by ‘et al.,’. You must list all authors in the list of references. For
example:
• (Straus et al., 2017, p. 105)
• Straus, J., Frost, R., Quinn, J., Kotler, P., Amos, T & Sinha, N. (2019). Guide to marketing
management (3rd ed.). Palgrave.

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Authors

No named authors
If you cannot find a named author, use the company or organisation’s name.
For example:
(Health and Care Professions Council, 2018)
Health and Care Professions Council. (2018). Standards of
proficiency. https://www.hcpc-uk.org/standards/ standards-of-
proficiency/

However you create your references, it is your responsibility to ensure that

they are correctly formatted to APA 7th edition style.
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Citing Multiple Works

• When your citation includes two or more works, order the citation according to the
alphabetical order (how they appear in the reference list), separated by a semi-colon. For
example:
• Research shows that listening to music is effective in stress management (Jane, 2020; Lee, 2018).

• When you cite two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c)
with the year to order the entries in the reference list. For example:
• According to Anne (1988a), music can bring a soothing effect and help to release stress. The
finding also further supported by the parallel study which reveal the correlation between music
and stress management (Anne, 1988b).

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An example of a piece of writing and a list of references

The example below is taken from a written assignment. In text citations are included throughout the
paragraph, indicating when the author has used information from external sources, such as text
books or websites. A list of references is provided at the end of the assignment. This lists all sources
cited in the assignment in alphabetical order.

Writing at university is designed to be challenging and intellectually stimulating (Cottrell,

2019, p. 23). As a result, students may benefit from being able to book writing support.
During the academic year 2019/2020, CU Coventry students engaged in over 150
appointments with academic writing staff (Quinn & Mohammed, 2020).
According to Wilson and Devi (2018) ‘university students look to seek help from
support services following either positive or negative feedback from academic staff’ (p.
100).
Con’t
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An example of a piece of writing and a list of references

Reference list
This is an important formatting:
The first line of each reference should begin at the left margin, with subsequent lines inset with a
hanging indent of 0.5 in (1.25cm)
Cottrell, S. (2020). The study skills handbook (5th ed.). Red Globe Press.

Quinn, D., & Mohammed, N. (2020). CU Coventry academic writing summary.

Coventry University. http://www.coventry.ac.uk/cuc/academic-writing

Wilson, B., & Devi, F. (2018). Support services in higher education. Journal of Higher
Education Services, 5(4), 90-110. https://doi.org/10.9.181.9/974975957

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 Book

indent of 0.5 in (1.25cm)

indent of 0.5 in
(1.25cm)

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 Journal article

indent of 0.5 in
(1.25cm)

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Webpages and electronic reports

http://www.coventry.ac.uk/cuc/life-at-cul

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Webpages and electronic reports

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Figures

The example below refers to including an image from a website.

To reference figures or tables from other sources, please refer to the long guide
.

An image from a website Labels

Give each figure a number in bold above it. Include a title: this should be spaced
below the figure number and should be in italics. If you have not produced the figure
yourself, you will need to add a note. This note acts as an in-text citation. In APA,
this is known as a copyright attribution.

Con’t
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Figures

• When you use a figure in your paper that has been adapted or copied directly from another source, you
need to reference the original source. This reference appears as a caption underneath the figure that you
copied or adapted for your paper.
• Any image that is reproduced from another source also needs to come with copyright permission; it is not
enough just to cite the source.
• Hints:
• Number figures consecutively throughout your paper.
• Figures should be labeled "Figure (number)" ABOVE the figure.
• Double-space the caption that appears under a figure.

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Figure from a Book

• General Format 1
• Caption under Figure
• Note: Descriptive phrase that serves as title and description. Reprinted [or adapted]
• from Book Title (page number), by Author First Initial. Second Initial. Surname,
• Year, Publisher. Copyright [Year] by the Name of Copyright Holder.
• Reprinted [or adapted] with permission.
•
• Example 1
• Caption under Figure
• Note: Short-term memory test involving pictures. Reprinted from Short-term Memory
• Loss (p. 73), by K. M. Pike, 2008, Mackerlin Press. Copyright 2008 by
• the Association for Memory Research. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure from a Journal Article

• General Format 2

• Caption under Figure

• Note: Descriptive phrase that serves as title and description. Reprinted [or adapted]
• from “Title of Article,” by Author First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Year, Journal Title,
• Volume(issue), page number. Copyright [Year] by the Name of Copyright Holder.
• Reprinted [or adapted] with permission.
•
• Example 2

• Caption under Figure

• Note: Schematic drawings of a bird's eye view of the table (a) and the test phase of
• the choice task (b). Numbers represent the dimensions in centimeters. Adapted from
• "Visual Experience Enhances Infants' Use of Task-Relevant Information in an Action
• Task," by S.-h. Wang and L. Kohne, 2007, Developmental Psychology, 43, p. 1515.
• Copyright 2003 by the American Psychological Association.
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Figure from a Website

• General Format 3

• Caption under Figure

• Note: Descriptive phrase that serves as title and description. Reprinted [or adapted]
• from Title of Website, by Author First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Year, URL. Copyright [year] by the Name of
Copyright Holder. Reprinted [or adapted]
• with permission.
•
• Example 3

• Caption under Figure

• Note: An example of the cobra yoga position. Reprinted from List of Yoga Postures,
• In Wikipedia, n.d., Retrieved October 28, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
• /List_of_yoga_postures. Copyright 2007 by Joseph Renger. Reprinted with permission.

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Figures

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50
From Internet. https://

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Referencing List

ascending chronological

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 Critical Thinking/Critical Writing (CTW)

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CTW

• Critical writing depends on critical thinking.Your writing will involve reflection on

written texts: that is, critical reading.

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Critical Thinking

• In philosophy, curiosity is one quality that contributes to critical-thinking skills.

• A main objective of thinking critically is to pursue knowledge.
• Critical thinking is making informed decisions based on logic
• A lot of creativity goes into thinking logically.
• Both curiosity and creativity play an important role in critical thinking.

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Critical Thinking

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Critical Thinking

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Being Analytical

• Be analytical about what you read or watch.

• Distinguish between facts and fiction

• Use logic and reasoning to understand complex problems; decompose into smaller
problems

• Helps break down difficult topics into more manageable components

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Being Self-Aware

• Be open-minded; question own conclusions and weigh new information you read
against own experience and logic
• Look beyond habits of thinking in everyday life.

• Does not imply abandoning previous beliefs because science has not proven them;
acknowledge own way of thinking and compare them to other ways of thinking

• A self-aware person is not simply out to prove others wrong, but also to learn from
others point of view and new evidences.

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Critical Writing

• Describe what you are reading.

• Analyse the material’s core arguments and
conclusions.
• Evaluate its significance and its successes /
failures.

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Bloom’s revised taxonomy
Critical Writing

• A mistake many beginning writers make is to use only one source to support
their ideas (or, worse, no sources, making unsubstantiated statements).
• The main problem with using only one source is: what if your source says one
thing, but most other writers say something completely different?
• In critical writing you therefore need to consider more than one viewpoint. This
leads to the first part of the simple definition of critical writing, which is:

Critical writing uses more than one source in developing an argument

https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/critical/

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Critical Writing

• Another mistake beginning writers make is to use several sources but to string
quotes together (e.g. A says this, B says that, C says something else), without
really analysing what these writers say.
• In critical writing, you need to evaluate and analyse the information from
sources, rather than just accepting it as being true.

Critical writing evaluates and analyses the information from different

sources

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Critical Writing

• Putting this together, a simple definition of critical writing is as follows:

Critical writing is writing which evaluates and analyses more than one
source in order to develop an argument.

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Descriptive writing

• Descriptive writing simply describes what something is like and is still necessary
in your writing, for example to give the background of your research, to state the
theory, to explain the methods of your experiment, to give the biography of an
important person, or to outline the history of an event.

You should, however, keep the amount of description to a minimum.

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Critical Writing- Examples

CW

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Critical Writing- Examples

CW

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CTW- Summary

They can be summarised as follows:

• describe - give the background to your research, explain your methods,
summarise an event, etc.
• evaluate - what are the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments and
evidence from other writers?
• analyse - why should the conclusions of other writers may be accepted or
treated with caution?
• conclude - what are the conclusions, based on the evidence?

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Master degree Level 7 standard.

• A MUST:
• Pls be advised that this program is a Master Degree Level 7 standard and
students must DEMONSTRATE CRITICAL WRITING OR
ANALYSIS as such to deserve appropriate marks.
• Example of Student’s submission (To reduce Plagiarism and improve critical writing)
using a translator

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 Q&A

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 MORE EXAMPLES:

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APA vs Harvard: Journal Articles

https://libguides.navitas.com/harvard/APA-v-
Harvardps://libguides.navitas.com/harvard/
APA vs Harvard: Book

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APA vs Harvard: In-text Citations

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APA vs Harvard: In-text Citations

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More Comparisons
(https://libguides.coventry.ac.uk/c.php?g=680766&p=4866979)

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More Comparisons
(https://libguides.coventry.ac.uk/c.php?g=680766&p=4866979)

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More Comparisons
(https://libguides.coventry.ac.uk/c.php?g=680766&p=4866979)

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More Comparisons
(https://libguides.coventry.ac.uk/c.php?g=680766&p=4866979)

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