BY RAM SHARAN MONDI

321106101012

3RD YEAR B.ARCH , 2ND SEMESTER

ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION

• A bus terminal is the point where a bus route starts OR

ends, And where vehicles Stop and wait before Departing
on their return journeys.

• It is also a place where passengers board and alight from

vehicles.• Often provides a convenient point where services
can be controlled from.

• The size and nature of the terminal varies from a road-side

bus stop with no adequate facilities for passengers or bus
crews ;to a purpose built off-road bus station, offering a
wide range of facilities

• If the number of vehicles arriving and departing is low, - a

road-side bus stop will normally be adequate.

• With a large number of vehicles arriving and departing, it

might be required to consider off-road built bus station to
avoid traffic congestion.
 INTRODUCTION
❑ A bus terminal should satisfy

Passenger protection from passing traffic

• Access for people with disabilities
• All-weather surface to step from/to the bus
• Proximity to pedestrian crossings
• Proximity to major trip generators
• Street lighting
❑ Operating elements consist of:

Adequate curb space for the number of buses expected at

the stop at one time
• Bus routing patterns
• Directions (i.e., one-way) and widths of intersection
streets
• Types of traffic signal controls (signal, stop, or yield)
• Volumes and turning movements of other traffic.
• Width of pedestrian pavements.
• Pedestrian activity through intersections.
DESIGN ISSUES
❑ Passenger Amenities

a. Shelter c. Safety and Security

They are to extend along the full length of
the platform serving as a weather
protection to the passengers. Security is essential as the BRT stops
• should be of high quality, prefabricated would be open for extended hours and
and modular likely to be unattended.

• The Shelter roofs should be such that rain • Visibility is also an important criterion to
water is directed away for the vehicle side. security.
• Passengers should be able to see the
b. Passenger Information surrounding locations and be seen from
the locations outside the station.
Passenger information should be provided such as
signage's, route details and graphics • Adequate illumination, especially at
nights is necessary.
• bold identification signage, transit route maps,
neighbourhood maps placed at prominent locations.
• Signage and graphics should readily distinguish the bus
stations from the regular stops
.• Digital display could be optionally placed at station
 DESIGN ISSUES

d. Barrier Free Design

Accessible to by the physically challenged.
• The internal layout of the shelter should be barrier free to
facilitate easy circulation.
• Access via ramps need to be provided for stops having
high platforms.
e. Platform Dimensions
The Length of the platform depends upon the length of the
vehicle and the number of bays required which is in turn
dependant upon design bus volumes and service times at
any given time.
• Width of the platform varies from 2.5 M to 5 M.• The
Platforms could be provided either at a low height or at a
higher level.
• Access to the high platforms from the pedestrian path
needs to be provided through• ramps.
DESIGN ISSUES
f. Aesthetic Designer

• Aesthetics and passenger friendliness in

addition to a modern appearance together
formulate the essential architectural
considerations.
• The design should symbolize an image
representing speed in hand with modernity.
• Over use of advertising displays resulting
in a visual clutter needs to be curtailed at
bus stops.

g. Fare Collection
• Off board fare collection policy reduces the dwell time
at bus stations and enables rapid boarding and lighting.
The station can be divided into paid areas and free
areas. Entry into the paid area of the station can be
controlled by introduction of turnstiles or other control
devices. Bogotá is one such example of a controlled
access station..
 PLANNING ASPECTS
In general, the four basic planning criteria for planning of
terminals are -
1 .Need
NEED of the terminal arises with increase in the demand.
An organized bus terminal should meet the following
requirements-
• Accessibility
• Comfort and convenience
• Safety
• Easy processing

2 .Size
• The following factors are considered to characterize the
size of the terminal and its functions-
• Flow of traffic
• System characteristics
• User characteristics
PLANNING ASPECTS

3.Location
• The design should symbolize an image
representing speed in hand with modernity.
• Over use of advertising displays resulting
in a visual clutter needs to be curtailed at
bus stops.

4. Design
Workability of terminal should be kept in mind for efficient
• Segregation of bus and non-bus traffic• Segregation of pedestrian and
vehicular movement
• Elimination of vehicular traffic conflict• Segregation of pedestrian flows•
Minimum processing for the buses
• Segregation of transportation and no-transportation activities
 BUS DIMENSIONS

Electric city bus : capacity –

60 passengers (including driver) Big Bus (64 seater):
overall length - 40' (12m). overall length - 45'-0" (13.5m)
overall width - 813" (2.5m) overall width - 9'-9"(3.0m)
overall height - 10'-9" (3.32m) Door height - 6'-2" (1.9m)
front overhang - 8'-6" (2.59m)
rear overhang - 10'-9" (3.31m) Bays - possible arrangements:
linear arrangement.
Bus (52 seater): angular arrangement.
overall length - 40'°(12m) radial arrangement.
overall width - 8'-6" 92.6m)
max. overall height - 12'-5" (3.8m) max.

Bus(32 seater):
overall length - 22'-8"(6.9m)
overall width - 7'-3" (2.2m)
BUS DIMENSIONS
 TURNING RADII
The principal dimensions affecting design are the minimum centerline turning radius, the wheelbase,
and the path of the inner rear tire
.• Effects of driver characteristics (such as the speed at which the driver makes a turn) and the slip
angles of wheels are minimized by assuming that the speed of the vehicle for the minimum radius
(sharpest) turn is 10 mph (15 km/h) or less.
• The boundaries of the turning paths of the several design vehicles when making the sharpest turns
are established by the outer trace of the front overhang and the path of the inner rear wheel.
• This turn assumes that the outer front wheel follows the circular arc defining the minimum turning
radius as determined by the vehicle steering mechanism.
TURNING RADII
TURNING RADII
CIRCULATION
BUS LAY BAY - LAYOUT
 DESIGNING A BUS TERMINAL

1] ATLEAST ONE ACCESSIBLE ROUTE WHICH LEADS TO THE ACCESSIBLE BUILDING ENTRANCE
2] DIRECTIONAL SIGNS FOR PC’s
3] TGSI BLOCKS FOR BLIND
4] ILLUMINATION LEVEL OF 50 LUX
5] ACCESSIBLE ENTRANCE AND EXITS
6] LEVELS AND RAMPS
7] PASSAGE WAY
8] SITTING AT BUS STAND FOR PEOPLE WITH AMBUL ATORY DISABILITIES AND IT SHOULD NOT
INTERFERE WHEEL CHAIR USERS
9] PROTECTION AGAINST WHEATER
10] 2 SEPARATE RAMPS FOR BOARDING IF BUS STAND IS NOT AT THE SAME LEVEL AS THE
WALKWAY OR PATHWAY AND ALIGHTING
11] CURBS BETWEEN ACCESS AISLE AND THE VEHICLE PICK UP SPACE , IT SHOULD HAVE A
CURB RAMP.

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 ACCESSIBLE BUSSES

1] BUS DOOR WIDTH – 1.2M WIDE

2] SHOULD BE AT LOW FLOOR
3] HAND RAIL AND FOOTING INSTALLED
4] HYDRAULIC LIFT OR PULL OUT/FOLDABLE RAMP
5] SPACE FOR A WHEEL CHAIR
6] LOCATION OF THAT SPACE FOR WHEEL CHAIR
7] WHEEL STOPPERS AND WHEEL CHAIR SAFETY BELTS
8] BUZZERS FOR BOTH SEATED OR STANDING PASSENGERS
9] PUSH BUTTON OF AN ALIGHTING BUZZER AND DISPLAY THE INFORMATIO N IN
BRAILLE/RAISED NUMBERS
10] INFORMATION OF ALL STOPS
11] INFORMATION OF ROUTE AND ITS FINAL DESTINATION

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 CASE STUDY
MADDHILAPALEM BUS DEPO

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 FLOOR PLAN

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 EVALUATING ACCESSIBILITY
1] SITE ENTRANCE

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 ENTRANCE 1

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TACTILE PAVING
TACTILE GROUND SURFACE INDICATORS 400mm X 400mm
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 TACTILE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

WIDTH – Should not be less than 1200mm

FLOOR SPACE – In large floor space of more than 200sqm where the cues of physical edges such as walls and handrails are not
present , tactile guide paths should be used to facilitate orientation of persons with visual impairment.
SURFACE – The surface of the access should be firm and slip resistant with a static coefficient of friction of good grading.
THERE ARE 3 TACTILE GUIDE PATHS :
1] DIRECTIONAL TILE
2] HAZARD WARNING TILE
3] POSITIONAL TILE

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EXTERNAL ELEMENTS
MASTER PLANNING:
Master planning approaches need to
integrate accessibility from macro
to micro scales of planning.
Accessibility requires to envision
implementation from first to last
mile connectivity, walkability
through clean well articulated
legible networks/ pathways with
tactile guiding systems, multi level
car parks (MLCP) or pickup and drop
off zones, parking, access to taxi
hire points, prepaid services,
provision of alternate modes of
transfer, such as Non -Motorized
Transportation (NMTs such as e -
rickshaws, golf carts, etc.) designed
for Persons with Disabilities and
others, transfer zones for
passengers with medical conditions
with specific ambulance parking,
level management through table top
crossings, materials and
specifications and detailing for
appropriate Public Space design
with landscape, lighting, external
signage, urban furniture and public
amenities and facilities on kerb side
which are
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 SITE PLANNING:
SITE PLANNING:

SITE PLANNING :
AN ACCESSIBLE SITE
PLANNING IMPLIES EASE OF
MOBILITY AND NAVIGATION
WITHIN THE SITE, LOW KERB
HEIGHTS, ADEQUATE SPACES
FOR WALKABLE
ENVIRONMENTS, SEAMLESS
CONNECTIVITY, HIGH VISUAL
CONTRAST IN ELEMENTS OF
BUILT ENVIRONMENT, EASILY
IDENTIFIABLE BUILT FORMS
AND SUPPORTIVE
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE
SAME INCLUDING STREET
FURNITURE, ETC.

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SITE ENTRANCES
1. Site map with braille / tactile features
along with appropriate wayfinding
signage shall be part of the site
entrance to aid ease of mobility for
all.
2. Clear pedestrian access with inclusive
features for wheeling devices such as
wheelchairs, rollators, baby strollers,
baggage trolleys, etc.
3. TGSIs from the point of entrance
independently and safe access to the
site.
4. Low height counter windows for
interaction with security personnel
5. Site entrances must be designed with
adequate colour contrast for legibility
in context with the surrounding
environment . For e.g., Mentioning Gate
nos. on a site with multiple entries
aids people to minimise effort and
provides access.
6. Safe parking and waiting zones with
adequate street furniture must be an
integral part of site entrances to
ensure safety for women, children,
elderly,
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 PARKING
ACCESSIBLE PARKING
IMPLIES ADEQUATE
PARKING FOR PERSONS
WITH DIVERSE DISABILITIES
AND VULNERABLE USER
GROUPS LIKE THE ELDERLY,
ETC. IN BUILT
ENVIRONMENTS AT ALL
SCALES. CONTEXTUALLY, IT
SHALL INCLUDE BOTH
PARKING FOR ADAPTED
SCOOTERS, TRICYCLES,
CARS OR ANY OTHER
PERSONAL VEHICULAR
SYSTEM ADOPTED BY AN
INDIVIDUAL WITH
DISABILITY TO REACH THE
BUILDING PREMISES.
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 AC C ES S R OU TES /WAL K WAYS
Ac c e s s r o u te s a n d w a l k w a ys
d e f i n e t h e m o b i l i t y c h a r a c te r o f
a s i te o r o f t h e b u i l t
e n v i r o n m e n t . I n s i m p l e te r m s ,
w a l k i n g r o u te s o r p a t h w a ys a r e
o n e o f t h e c r i t i c a l e l e m e n ts to
m a ke s i te s s o c i a l l y i n c l u s i v e
a l l o w i n g d i ve rs e u s e r g r o u p s to
a c c e s s t h e m . To m a ke t h e m
u n i ve rs a l l y a c c e s s i b l e , t h e
f o l l o w i n g r ec o m m e n d a t i o n s s h a l l
r eq u i r e to b e a d h e r ed to.

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 LIGHTING, ILLUMINATION AND SIGNAGE: KERB RAMPS
1. Walkways should be well illuminated ensuring
adequate visual contrast and unobstructed routes for 1. can typically be of four types viz. a. With flared sides b.With
all. Lighting fixtures not exceeding a height of 4m
from ground level should be provided. This would returned or continuous kerbs c.With built up or extended kerbs
enhance accessibility for persons with low vision.
and d.With parallel kerbs.
2. If lighting intensity of the lighting fixture is increased
the height of mounting the fixture from the ground 2. Are provided preferably for kerb heights upto 200 mm. Kerbs
level may also be increased, for providing optimum
illumination level
higher than 200 mm may pose challenges to safe slopes for
persons using wheelchairs, etc.
3. Light pole may preferably be located within the tree -
planting zone. 3. The surface finish should be slip resistant
4. Lower level light poles are preferred to avoid shadow 4. Should be designed not to allow water accumulate on the
where there are high trees.
walking surface
5. Universally accessible signage using pictograms for
various public amenities in the built environment shall 5. Do not require handrails
be provided along access routes for ease in
navigation.
6. Should not project into the road surface as they may pose a
6. For access routes longer than 60 m, direction signs
danger to users and an obstruction to vehicles
with distances shall also be provided to enable first 7. Edge surfaces have to be completely level with the road.
time visitors or persons with diverse abilities to plan
and orient their mobility better. 8. Should be located or protected to prevent obstruction by
parked vehicles
9. Should be free from any obstruction such as signposts, traffic
lights, etc.
10. When located at road crossings or other identified paths
intended for pedestrian use while crossing a vehicular way,
they should have a detectable warning surface in the form of
tactile warning indicators at both entry and exit points
connecting the tactile guiding path on the walkway.
11. Have a detectable warning surface of 600 mm depth where the
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colour and texture are contrasted with the adjacent surfaces.
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 APPLICATION OF TGSI’s

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OUTDOOR DRINKING WATER PROVISIONS:

SANITARY INFRASTRUCTURE:

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 STREET FURNITURE ELEMENTS:

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 EXTERNAL LANDSCAPING:

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