PO07132 Overhead Line Distribution Design Manual

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OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION

LINE DESIGN MANUAL

THIS DOCUMENT PROVIDES GUIDELINES ON THE


MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN OF
EVOENERGY OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION LINES (11KV,
22KV AND 400V)

This Design Manual sets out the requirements and must be applied to the design of an
overhead distribution line in the ACT. It relates to the information necessary to assess
various aspects of the development and its suitability for connection to Evoenergy’s
electricity system.

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CONTENTS

1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE 4 Voltage drop and rise limits 27


5.8 Ferroresonance 28
1.1 Scope 4
1.2 Purpose 4 5.9 Communication 28
1.3 Software 4 6. DESIGN PROCESS 29
2. REFERENCES AND STANDARDS 5 6.1 General 29
2.1 Australian Standards 5 6.2 Design inputs 30
2.2 Acts, Codes of Practice, and other documents 5 6.3 Route selection 30
2.3 Evoenergy documents 6 6.4 Conductor selection 30
2.4 Evoenergy drawings index 6 6.5 Route survey and ground profile 31
6.6 Structure selection 31
3. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 12
6.7 Circuit profile 31
3.1 Acronyms 12 6.8 Land use 31
3.2 Definitions 12 6.9 Pole positions and details 31
4. DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES 16 6.10 Uplift 31
6.11 Mechanical loads 32
4.1 Wind return periods for design working life and
6.12 Fittings and other requirements 32
security level 16
6.13 Design documentation 32
4.2 Service conditions 16
4.3 Design life of overhead network 16 7. INTERFACE TO EXISTING NETWORK 34
4.4 Design options analysis and selection 17 7.1 General 34
4.5 Environmental considerations 17 7.2 AS/NZS 7000 limited application to existing
4.6 Design considerations and load cases 19 network 34
4.7 Limit states 19 7.3 Existing network conductor tensions 34
4.8 Load factors and load cases 22 7.4 Maintaining/ reinstating stays 34
4.9 Design wind pressures 22 7.5 Midspan conductor clearances in adjacent spans
4.10 Design temperatures 23 35
4.11 Designs for bushfire areas 24 7.6 Designs to not create 3 or 4-way bare LV
constructions 35
4.12 Classification of rural and urban 24
7.7 Mechanical assessment required on pole
5. SAFETY IN DESIGN 25 structures 35
5.1 What is safety in design 25 7.8 Inspection of network conductors 35
5.2 Legalities and responsibilities relating to safe 7.9 Reinforced poles 35
design 25 7.10 Banned legacy constructions 36
5.3 Safe design considerations specific to overhead 8. ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS AND
line design 25 CLEARANCE 37
5.4 Non-standard design 26
8.1 General 37
5.5 Maximum demand 26
8.2 Structure geometry 37
5.6 Use of the ADMS for LV network voltage
analysis 27 8.3 Conductor clearance requirements 37

5.7

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8.4 Support structure clearance requirements Foundations/ footing 62
12.8 Stay loading consideration 63
12.9 Ground/aerial stay wire tension 64
12.7 38 12.10 Sidewalk stay wire selection/ tension 64
8.5 Third party assets clearance requirements 12.11 Engineering notes 66
38
13. EARTHING 67
8.6 Required clearances to vegetation 39
8.7
8.9 Required clearances
Plant, conductor, andtoelectrical
pools apparatus 39 13.1 General 67
8.8 clearance requirements
Required clearance to streetlight assets 40
40 13.2 Types of OH earthing (Separate vs CMEN)
8.10 Stay clearances 40 67
8.11 Aircraft navigation overcrossing marking 40 13.3 Reference manual 67
8.12 Railway crossings and line design within rail 13.4 Reference standard construction drawings
corridor/ easement 41 67
8.13 Water crossings 41
14. OVERHEAD LINE ACCESSORIES 68
8.14 Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) 41
14.1 General 68
9. CONDUCTORS 43
14.2 Insulators 68
9.1 Conductor selection 43 14.3 Surge arresters 69
9.2 Conductor attributes 44 14.4 Cross arms 69
9.3 Conductor stringing 51 14.5 Conductor attachments and ties 69
9.4 Line deviation limitations 52 14.6 Armour rods and preformed ties 70
9.5 Conductor stress and fatigue 53 14.7 Vibration dampers 70
10. POLES 54 14.8 Low voltage spreaders 70
14.9 Aerial markers 71
10.1 Pole selection 54
14.10 Temporary visual indicators 71
10.2 Pole types 54
14.11 Non-standard insulators and fittings 72
10.3 Pole rules 54
10.4 Pole–mounted switchgear 55 15. SWITCHGEAR 73
10.5 Constraints on the use of certain poles 55 15.1 General 73
11. FOUNDATION 57 15.2 Three phase air-break switch (air) 73
15.3 Three phase gas switch (SF6) 73
11.1 General 57
15.4 Three phase reclosers (vacuum) 73
11.2 Footing design for directly embedded poles
57 15.5 Switch selection considerations 74
11.3 Calculation of embedment depth 59 15.6 Site attributes for overhead switch devices
75
11.4 Minimum embedment depths for Evoenergy
standard poles 60 VERSION CONTROL 76
12. STAYS 61 DOCUMENT CONTROL 76

12.1 General 61 APPENDIX A – O/H NETWORK LEGACY


12.2 Ground stays 61 DRAWINGS 77
12.3 Aerial stays 61
12.4 Sidewalk stays 61
12.5 Stay wire/ fittings 61
12.6 Standard stay constructions 62

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1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE
1.1 Scope
The scope of this document is to provide guidelines on the minimum requirements for design of Evoenergy overhead
distribution lines (11kV, 22kV and 400V). Content of this document is based on AS/NZS 7000 and SA/SNZ HB331,
which is a handbook to provide guidance for the application of AS7000.
This document covers the following aspects:
 Design criteria for overhead lines
 Standard construction practices
 Application of Australian standards and guidelines.
As design calculations will primarily be performed using software, the manual will provide guidance for setting input
parameters on software for line design, rather than detail by-hand calculations. However, this document is a
comprehensive design manual providing all necessary design data, requirements, worked examples and engineering
notes.
This manual provides the standard approach to overhead line design for the Evoenergy distribution network. If the
standard design guidelines are not suitable for any situation, the designers may choose to depart from these standard
design guidelines and develop a solution based on appropriate engineering analysis. Approval by the Asset Owner is
required for departures from this overhead design manual.
For switching requirements and design, the designer should consult with the Overhead Asset Manager, System Control
Manager and Asset Planning section for guidance on network requirement before making a decision.
The strict application and compliance of AS/NZS 7000 to the overhead network is limited to new overhead lines and
existing assets that require life extension or maintenance tasks to be conducted.

1.2 Purpose
The guideline is intended to:
 Promote standardisation and a uniform design philosophy.
 Be practical and ensure earthing is cost effective to design, install, supervise and maintain.
 Provide a convenient reference for design parameters, standards, and policy.
 Support designers with limited ‘first-principles’ line engineering expertise.
 Support training of new designers (not as complete training material, but as an underpinning
reference).
 Support any future auditing of designs submitted by external design consultants.

1.3 Software
It is recommended to use the latest version of the Poles & Wires software for distribution line design.

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2. REFERENCES AND STANDARDS
2.1 Australian Standards
DOCUMENT
DOCUMENT TITLE
NUMBER
AS 1154.1 Insulator and conductor fittings for overhead power line
AS 1154.2 Insulator And Conductor Fittings for Overhead Power Lines - Dimensions
Insulator And Conductor Fittings for Overhead Power Lines - Performance and
AS 1154.3
General Requirements for Helical Fittings
AS 1726 – 1993 Geotechnical site investigations
AS 2067 Substations and High Voltage Installations Exceeding 1 KV A.C.
AS 2947-2009 Crossing of waterways by electricity infrastructure.
AS 3609 Insulators - Porcelain Stay Type - Voltages Greater Than 1000 V AC
Air navigation - Cables and their supporting structures - Marking and safety
AS 3891.1-2008 requirements - Permanent marking of overhead cables and their supporting
structures for other than planned low-level flying
Air navigation - Cables and their supporting structures - Marking and safety requirements -
AS 3891.2-2008
Marking of overhead cables for planned low-level flying operations.
Polymeric Insulators for Indoor and Outdoor Use with A Nominal Voltage > 1000 V
AS 62217
- General Definitions, Test Methods and Acceptance Criteria
AS 62271 High-voltage switchgear and control gear
Insulators - Porcelain and Glass for Overhead Power Lines - Voltages Greater Than
AS/NZS 2947.2
1000 V AC. - Characteristics
AS/NZS 7000 Overhead Line Design
SA/SNZ HB331 Overhead Line Design handbook

2.2 Acts, Codes of Practice, and other documents


DOCUMENT
DOCUMENT TITLE
OWNER

Woík Health and Section 22 - Duties of peísons conducting businesses oí undeítakings that design plant,
Safety Act 2011 substances oí stíuctuíes
(ACľ)

Woík Health and Safety Paít 4.1 Noise - Section 59 Duties of designeís, manufactuíeís, impoíteís and supplieís of
Regulation 2011 plant; and Paít 4.2 Hazaídous manual tasks – Section 61 Duties of designeís, manufactuíeís,
(ACľ) impoíteís and supplieís of plant oí stíuctuíes
ACT Work Health Safe Design of Structures Code of Practice
and Safety
National Construction National Construction Code Volume One
Code
National Construction National Construction Code Volume two
Code
Transport Canberra Standard Specification for Urban Infrastructure Works
and City Services

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NENS 04 – 2003National guidelines for safe approach distances to electrical and
ESAA
mechanical apparatus
ACT Government Design Standards for Urban Infrastructure Series
ACT Government SL2001-28, Utility Networks (Public Safety) Regulation 2001
ACT Government A2000-65, Utilities Act 2000

2.3 Evoenergy documents


DOCUMENT
DOCUMENT TITLE
NUMBER
PO07201 Chamber Type Substation Design and Construction Standard
PO07395 Technical Specification - Cables and Conductors
PO07127 Distribution Earthing Design and Construction Manual
PO07173 Evoenergy Distribution Service and Installation Rules
PO07454 Electrical Data Manual
PO07110 A Guide to Development of Network Design & Documentation
PO070523 Standard Supply Voltage for LV System
PO07106 Technical Specification - Composite Power Pole
PO07451 Technical Specification - Pole Mounted Transformers
PO06103 Manage Environmental Interactions

2.4 Evoenergy drawings index


Following is a list of important Current Standard Construction Drawings and Electrical Drawings.
 Drawing numerical series: Electrical/ Cad drawings
 Drawing D104 series: OH Parts including poles
 Drawing D201 series: OH HV Complete Assemblies
 Drawing D202 series: OH LV Complete Assemblies
 Drawing D203 series: OH Pole Substation Complete Assemblies
 Drawing D204 series: OH Conductors and Accessories including Sub and Interface Assemblies
 Drawing D30x series: UG/OH Underground/Overhead HV and LV Assemblies

DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
DRAWING NUMERICAL SERIES: ELECTRICAL/ CAD DRAWINGS
1. 3810-001 CRITERIA FOR THE USE OF SPIRAL VIBRATION DAMPERS
2. 3811-004 MINIMUM CLEARANCES INSULATED & BARE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY ZONE SUBSTATIONS IN ACT
3. 3811-014
AND NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY GROUND ASSETS IN ACT
4. 3811-015
AND NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY HIGH VOLTAGE
5. 3811-016
UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD NETWORK ASSETS IN ACT
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY LOW VOLTAGE
6. 3811-017
UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD NETWORK ASSETS IN ACT

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DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UG & OH TRANSMISSION LINE ASSETS IN
7. 3811-018
ACT
8. 3811-019 FALL IN HAZARDOUS VEGETATION IN ACT & NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY HIGH VOLTAGE UG & OH
9. 3811-020
NETWORK ASSETS IN NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY LOW VOLTAGE UG & OH
10. 3811-021
NETWORK ASSETS IN NSW
11. 3812-001 CRITERIA FOR THE USE OF LV SPREADERS
12. 3832-018 SEPARATION AND COVER REQUIREMENTS FOR CABLES AND PLANT
13. 3832-020 CLEARANCE REQUIREMENT FOR SWIMMING POOL FROM ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
14. 390-017 LINE CONFIGURATION NAMING STANDARD
CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS BETWEEN ACTEWAGL INFRASTRUCTURE AND
15. 390-018
TELECOMMUNICATION CARRIERS CABLE INSTALLATION
THIRD PARTY MICROCELL AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS RADIO FREQUENCY HAZARDS
16. 390-022
MINIMUM CLEARANCE TO GROUND
THIRD PARTY MICROCELL AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS BARE OVERHEAD MAINS
17. 390-023
MINIMUM CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS
THIRD PARTY MICROCELL AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS LV ABC CONSTRUCTION
18. 390-024
REQUIRED MINIMUM CLEARANCES
THIRD PARTY MICROCELL AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS ISOLATION SWITCH MOUNTING
19. 390-025
CONSIDERATIONS FIXED TO EVOENERGY STRUCTURES
17m, 18.5m, 20m 21.4m INTERMEDIATE REINFORCED SPUN CONCRETE POLE FOR SINGLE
20. 192-43-45
CONDUCTOR LINES CASTING REQUIREMENTS
21. 391-740-06 SPACER PLATES FOR 22kv LINE POST INSULATORS
CASTING REQUIREMENTS 12.5m 8kN TYPE 1 THREE PIECE COMPOSITE FIBRE POLE HIGH
22. 391-740-16
VOLTAGE
23. 391-743-05 SPUN REINFORCED / STRESSED CONCRETE POLE EARTHING DETAILS
24. 392-36-01 HAND TIE DETAILS FOR HV OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS
25. 392-36-02 HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR TOP TIE APPLICATION
HAND TIE DETAILS FOR LV OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND HV OVERHEAD BRIDGING
26. 392-36-04
CONDUCTORS
27. 392-41-050 INTELLIRUPTER TRIAL POLE CASTING DETAILS
28. 392-41-051 INTELLIRUPTER TRIAL INFIELD INSTALLATION BILL OF MATERIALS
29. 392-41-20 AIR NAVIGATION OVERCROSSING MARKER ASSEMBLY
30. 392-41-36 11/22kV COMPOSITE FIBRE CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE POLES
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
31. 392-41-40
CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
32. 392-41-41
CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
33. 392-41-42
POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
34. 392-41-43
CONCRETE POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN/PIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES
35. 392-41-44
FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS

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DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
36. 392-41-45
WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
2 UNIT 11kV POLE MOUNTED REGULATOR WITH POLE MOUNTED CONTROL
37. 392-41-47
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
38. 392-43-06 PLANT POSITIONING GUIDELINES POLE TOP CONSTRUCTION
39. 392-43-07 MINIMUM BRIDGING SEPARATIONS POLE TOP CONSTRUCTION
40. 393-002 STANDARD ALIGNMENTS AND RESERVATIONS OVERHEAD MAINS
DRAWING D104 SERIES: OH PARTS
41. D104-0001 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 9.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 1, REINFORCED CONCRETE
42. D104-0002 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 11m, 8/16kN, TYPE 1, REINFORCED CONCRETE
PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 9.5m, 8/32kN, TYPE 1B, FIBRE REINFORCED
43.
D104-0023 POLYMER, COMPOSITE, TWO PIECE, UTILITY POLE
44. D104-0101 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 3, REINFORCED CONCRETE
45. D104-0128 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 4, REINFORCED CONCRETE
46. D104-0134 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE POLE, 9.5m, 12/24kN, TYPE 1, REINFORCED CONCRETE
47. D104-0136 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 12/24kN, TYPE 4, REINFORCED CONCRETE
48. D104-0137 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 14m, 8/16kN, TYPE 4S, REINFORCED CONCRETE
49. D104-0138 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 15.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 4S, REINFORCED CONCRETE
PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 3C, FIBRE REINFORCED
50.
D104-0143 CEMENT
PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 4C, FIBRE REINFORCED
51.
D104-0144 CEMENT
DRAWING D201 SERIES: OH HV COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES
D201-0021 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV GAS SWITCH, DOUBLE STRAIN ON A
52.
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
53. D201-0026 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV INLINE ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0027 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV DOUBLE STRAIN ON A 12.5m CONCRETE
54.
POLE
55. D201-0028 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV TERMINATION ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0029 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV DOUBLE TERMINATION ON A 12.5m
56.
CONCRETE POLE
D201-0030 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV INLINE-TERMINATION ON A 12.5m
57.
CONCRETE POLE
D201-0031 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV DOUBLE STRAIN - TERMINATION ON A
58.
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0032 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV INLINE, 1ph FUSED TERMINATION ON A
59.
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0033 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV INLINE, 3ph FUSED TERMINATION ON A
60.
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0035 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH ON A 12.5m
61.
CONCRETE POLE
D201-0040 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV RECLOSER WITHOUT INLINE
62.
ISOLATING LINKS, ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE - SHEET 1/2

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DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
D201-0041 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV RECLOSER WITHOUT INLINE
63.
ISOLATING LINKS, ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE - SHEET 2/2
D201-0042 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV RECLOSER WITH INLINE ISOLATING
64.
LINKS, ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE- SHEET 1/2
D201-0043 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV RECLOSER WITH INLINE ISOLATING
65.
LINKS, ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE- SHEET 2/2
D201-0054 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH ON A 12.5m FIBRE
66.
REINFORCED CEMENT POLE
DRAWING D202 SERIES: OH LV COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES
67. D202-0023 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, INLINE - 9.5m COMPOSITE POLES
68. D202-0024 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV INLINE - CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE STRAIN - 9.5m COMPOSITE
69. D202-0025
POLES
70. D202-0026 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE STRAIN - CONCRETE POLE
71. D202-0027 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV TERMINATION - 9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
72. D202-0028 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV TERMINATION - CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE TERMINATION - 9.5m
73. D202-0029
COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE TERMINATION - CONCRETE
74. D202-0030
POLE
75. D202-0031 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, INLINE TERMINATION - COMPOSITE POLES
76. D202-0032 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, INLINE TERMINATION - CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, DOUBLE STRAIN WITH LINKS - COMPOSITE
77. D202-0033
POLES
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE STRAIN WITH LINKS -
78. D202-0034
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC INLINE - CONCRETE
79. D202-0036
POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC INLINE ON A 9.5m
80. D202-0037
COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC ANGLE - CONCRETE
81. D202-0038
POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC ANGLE 9.5m
82. D202-0039
COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC DOUBLE TERMINATION -
83. D202-0040
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC DOUBLE TERMINATION
84. D202-0041
ON A 9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC DOUBLE STRAIN -
85. D202-0042
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC DOUBLE STRAIN ON A
86. D202-0043
9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC TERMINATION -
87. D202-0044
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC TERMINATION ON A
88. D202-0045
9.5m COMPOSITE POLE

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DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC INLINE-TERMINATION -
89. D202-0046
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC INLINE-TERMINATION
90. D202-0047
ON A 9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
91. D202-0048 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC LINK - CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC LINK ON A 9.5m
92. D202-0049
COMPOSITE POLE
DRAWING D203 SERIES: OH POLE SUBSTATION COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES
OVERHEAD, POLE SUBSTATION, CA, 25kVA1ph POLE MOUNTED TRANSFORMER ON A
93. D203-0001
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, POLE SUBSTATION, CA, 100-500kVA 3ph POLE MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS ON A
94. D203-0002
12.5m POLE
OVERHEAD, POLE SUBSTATION, CA, 25kVA 3ph POLE MOUNTED TRANSFORMER, ON A
95. D203-0020
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
DRAWING D204 SERIES: OH CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES INCLUDING SUB AND
INTERFACE ASSEMBLIES
96. D199-0003 PARTS, INTERFACES IA, STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE (CONDUCTIVE) POLES
D199-0012 UNDERGROUND, HV, IA, TERMINATIONS, 11kV UNDERGROUND/OVERHEAD (UG/OH)
97.
TERMINATION
D199-0025 OVERHEAD INTERFACES, IA, 11kV STANDARD POLE MOUNT DISTRIBUTION
98.
TRANSFORMER, FROM AUGUST 2023
D199-0026 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, IA, POLE BANDS TO SUIT, 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH
99.
ACTUATOR
D199-0027 PARTS, INTERFACES IA, FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT & POLYMER (NON CONDUCTIVE)
100.
POLES
D199-0029 OVERHEAD INTERFACES IA, 22kV STANDARD POLE MOUNT DISTRIBUTION
101.
TRANSFORMER FROM AUGUST 2023
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, IA, CONDUCTOR FITTINGS, DEAD ENDS,
102. D204-0001
SPLICES, ARMOR RODS, TIES, SVDS, GUY LOKS, CLEVIS THIMBLES & SPREADER RODS
103. D204-0002 OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, IA, CONNECTORS AND BRIDGING
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, NEUTRAL BONDING, CONCRETE
104. D204-0003
POLE NEUTRAL BONDING
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, EARTH STAKE FOR A
105. D204-0004
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, HV DEEP EARTH
106. D204-0006
ELECTRODE FOR A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, ADDITIONAL HV DEEP
107. D204-0007
EARTH ELECTRODE FOR A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, STANDARD STAY ON A
108. D204-0008
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (19/2.75 SC)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, PLATIPUS STAY ON A
109. D204-0009
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (7/3.25 SC)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, AERIAL STAY ON CONCRETE OR
110. D204-0010
COMPOSITE POLE (19/2.75 SC)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, SIDEWALK STAY ON A
111. D204-0011
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (7/3.25 SC)

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DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, HV AND LV DEEP EARTH
112. D204-0012
ELECTRODES, FOR A POLE SUBSTATION ON A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, SIDEWALK STAY ON A
113. D204-0013
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (19/2.75 SC)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, POLE FOUNDATION, CONCRETE,
114. D204-0014
CEMENT POLES
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, POLE FOUNDATION, 9.5m
115. D204-0017
COMPOSITE POLES
116. D204-0018 OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, IA, BAND SELECTION TYPE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, IA, 11kV STANDARD POLE MOUNT
117. D204-0020
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER, FROM NOVEMBER 2016
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, BURIED GRADING RING
118. D204-0029
FOR CONDUCTIVE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, BUCKLE, STRAP AND PLATE, CABLE
119. D204-0030
MOUNTING ASSEMBLY
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, STANDARD STAY ON A
120. D204-0031
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, AERIAL STAY ON CONCRETE OR
121. D204-0032
COMPOSITE POLE (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, SIDEWALK STAY ON A
122. D204-0033
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE PLATIPUS FOOTING, (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, PLATIPUS STAY ON A
123. D204-0034
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, SIDEWALK STAY ON A
124. D204-0035
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE BORED FOOTING, (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
DRAWING D30X SERIES: UNDERGROUND/OVERHEAD
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 11kV CABLE UG/OH WITH SURGE
125. D301-0003
DIVERTERS
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, HARD BOLTED 11kV UG/OH ON A 12.5m
126. D301-0004
CONCRETE POLE
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 11kV OH/UG WITH GAS SWITCH ON A 12.5m
127. D301-0005
CONCRETE POLE
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 11kV CABLE UG/OH WITH SURGE
128. D301-0011
DIVERTERS ON A 12.5m FIBRE CEMENT POLE
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, HARD BOLTED 11kV UG/OH ON A 12.5m
129. D301-0012
FIBER CEMENT POLE
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 11kV OH/UG WITH GAS SWITCH ON A 12.5m
130. D301-0013
FIBER CEMENT POLE
131. D302-0005 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 2 CORE 16mm2 Cu FUSED UG/OH
132. D302-0006 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 4 CORE 16mm2 Cu FUSED UG/OH
133. D302-0007 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 240mm2LV CABLE HARD BOLTED UG/OH
134. D302-0008 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 240mm2 LV CABLE FUSED UG/OH
135. D302-0009 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 240mm2 LV CABLE UG/OH WITH LINKS

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3. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
3.1 Acronyms
TERM DEFINITION
2CTW 2 Wire Twisted (1 phase) service
4CTW 4 Wire Twisted (3 phase) service
4WL 4 Wire Lateral (open wire 3 phase) service
ACT Australian Capital Territory
AAC All Aluminium Conductor
AAAC All Aluminium Alloy Conductor
ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced
ADSS All Dielectric Self-supporting (Communications cable—optical fibre)
AHD Australian Height Datum
Al Aluminium
BAZ Bushfire Abatement Zone
BPA Bushfire Prone Areas
CBL Calculated Breaking Load. In relation to a conductor, means the calculated minimum breaking
load determined in accordance with the relevant Australian/New Zealand Standard.

CSA Cross-sectional Area


Cu Copper
CLAH Current-limiting Arcing Horn, or gapped surge arrester
EMF Electromagnetic Field
GL Ground Level
HDC Hard Drawn Copper
OPGW Optical Ground Wire—an overhead earth wire with internal optical fibre/s.
SF Safety Factor, also Strength Factor
SC/GZ Steel Conductor / Galvanized
UTS Ultimate Tensile Strength – the maximum mechanical load which may be applied to a
conductor, beyond which failure occurs.

3.2 Definitions
TERM DEFINITION
Action Force (load) applied to a mechanical system, as well as imposed or constrained deformation or
acceleration, e.g., due to earthquakes, temperature or moisture changes.

Aerial Bundled Two or more XLPE insulated aluminium overhead conductors twisted together to form a single
Cable (ABC) bundled assembly.
Alignment A distance relative to the edge of the footpath (usually the property boundary side) used to
describe the position of a pole, cable, or other service.

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TERM DEFINITION
Average Or “Return Period”, is the inverse of the annual probability of exceeding wind speed, as applied
Recurrence in AS/NZS 1170.2
Interval (ARI)
Blowout The horizontal ‘sag’ or deviation of powerline conductors from the centre because of wind
forces.
Bridging Relatively short, flexible or rigid, bare, covered or insulated leads which electrically
connect lines at termination or tee-off points or connect electrical lines to electrical
apparatus. Also known as ‘droppers’ or ‘jumpers’.
Bushfire Under the Emergencies Act, the Commissioner has declared a Bushfire Abatement Zone
Abatement Zone (BAZ).
Bushfire Prone The BPA map is a single risk-based map that defines the area of the ACT that has been
Areas assessed as being at high risk to life and property due to bushfires.
Cadastral Map A map or plan showing details of land tenure (e.g., property boundaries or natural features).

Chainage The distance from a datum along the centreline of a roadway. This term and offset are used to
reference points on roadworks plans.
Common MEN An earthing system in which the LV MEN system is connected to the HV system earthing. This
System is used commonly in urban areas where there are numerous interconnected earth rods all
meshed together over a wide area and a low resistance to earth can be obtained. See ‘Multiple
Earth Neutral’.
Conductor A wire or other form of conducting material used for carrying current.
Covered An unscreened overhead conductor around which is applied a specified thickness of insulating
Conductor Thick material dependant on the working voltage.
(CCT)
Creep (or Inelastic The process where a conductor increases in length over time when under tension in service. This
Stretch) causes an increase in sag in a span.
Customer A person or organisation that has applied for or receives electrical supply from the electricity
network.
Easement A strip of land registered on the title deed in the office of the Registrar of Titles allowing access
or other rights to a public body or party other than the owner of the parcel of land on which the
easement exists.
Earthing The process of connecting components of electricity supply networks to ground to prevent
dangerous voltages occurring which may damage equipment or injure individuals coming into
contact with them.
Everyday Tension The sustained load (continuous force) exerted by conductors under no wind conditions.
Feeder A circuit (normally HV) emanating from a substation for distributing electric power.

FoS Factor of Safety


Ground Clearance The vertical distance between the conductor at its lowest point of sag and ground.
High Voltage (HV) Electrical potential that is in the range of 1kV to 33kV.
King Bolt Spacing The vertical distance between king bolt attachment points on a support structure e.g., a pole.

Load Case A compatible set of load arrangements or conditions to be considered in evaluating a structure,
e.g., sustained load, maximum wind load, ice load.
Load Factor A factor in a limit state equation which takes into account the variability and dynamics of a
load, as well as the importance of a structure.

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TERM DEFINITION
Low Voltage (LV) Electrical potential that is in the range of 32V to 1kV.

Mains Main lines or cables of a network connecting various sites — does not include services to
individual consumers.
Maximum Wind The force applied by conductors to a support structure in an intense wind, generally a 3s gust
Tension corresponding to the overhead line design period.
Mean Equivalent A theoretical span used to represent the behaviour of a number of spans of varying lengths in a
Span (MES) strain section of an overhead powerline, also known as Ruling Span.
Multiple Earth An earthing system connecting the network neutral conductors to the earth electrodes in
Neutral customers’ electrical installations, the electricity authority transformers and earths at multiple
(MEN) locations on the electricity distribution network.

Overhead Mains Aerial conductors or cables together with associated supports, insulators and apparatus used
for the transmission or distribution of electrical energy.
Phasing The relative positions of phases (A, B, C) in a polyphase power system.
Pole A structure (wood, concrete, steel, composite fibre) supporting conductors and other equipment
forming part of the overhead mains.
Profile A longitudinal cross section of ground and an existing or proposed powerline used to check
clearances and select optimum pole positions.
RL (Reduced The elevation of a point above an adopted datum.
Level)
Ruling Span Ruling Span – see Mean Equivalent Span
Sag The vertical distance between a conductor and a line joining the two attachment points. Usually,
the term refers to the maximum distance within a span at or near the midpoint.
Service The electricity authority’s conductors connecting individual customer’s installation to the
electricity network.
Serviceability Limit State beyond which specified service criteria for a structure or structural element are no longer
State met.
Sinking Depth The depth of a pole below ground—also known as embedment or planting depth.

Span A section of overhead conductor between two supporting poles or structures. The term may also
refer to the horizontal distance between the two pole attachment points.
Span Reduction A reduction applied to design wind pressure on conductors on long spans taking into account that
Factor wind gusts tend to be localised in their intensity.
(SRF)
Stay A steel wire that is used to support a pole when the tip load exceeds the pole capacity. The stay
may be anchored in the ground or to another pole. Also known as a ‘guy’.
Strain Point The structure on a pole that supports the tension of a line in both directions, where conductors
are terminated, as opposed to an intermediate support. Used to sectionalise a line for electrical
isolation or to provide convenient stringing sections. Also known as a ‘Shackle Point’.

Strain Section A section of overhead powerline between fixed strain points or terminations.
Strength Factor, or A factor in a limit state equation used to derate the nominal strength of a component to a
Strength Reduction practical design value, taking into account variability of the material, workmanship,
Factor maintenance and other factors.
Sub-circuit A circuit below another circuit, e.g., LV mains below 11kV.
Super-circuit A circuit above another circuit, e.g., 11kV mains above LV.

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TERM DEFINITION
Tip Load The equivalent mechanical load applied to a pole tip by attached conductors or stays, as well as
wind on the pole/structure.
Uplift A vertical upward force applied to a structure by attached conductors—generally not
desirable for intermediate (non-strain) structure types.
Ultimate Limit State associated with collapse or structural failure. Generally, corresponds with the maximum
State load-carrying resistance of a structure or component thereof.
Ultimate Strength The maximum load (nominal or actual) which may be applied to a structural component without
inducing failure.
Wayleave A written authority that the owner/occupier of a property uses to authorise an electricity authority
to construct, maintain and clear vegetation for electrical line installations.
Weight Span The equivalent span that gives the vertical conductor load applied to a support and equals the
span between the lowest points on the catenary on either side of that support.

Wind Span The equivalent span that gives the horizontal lateral component of the conductor load applied
to a support and equals one half of the sum of the spans on either side of that support.

Working Strength A nominal maximum working load obtained by dividing the ultimate strength by a safety
factor. This value is not relevant to limit state design, but existing poles may be labelled with a
working strength.

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4. DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES
4.1 Wind return periods for design working life and security level
A minimum design return period for a line is set by selection of overhead line security class and design working life
as per AS/NZS 7000 table 6.1 – “ultimate limit state wind returns periods for design working life and line security
levels.”
For example, normal distribution lines in Australia are commonly designed for a 50-year life and Level I
security, which AS/NZS 7000 specifies as requiring a minimum 50-year return period.
Minimum line security level of “Level I” must be considered for low voltage (400V) and medium voltage
(11/22kV) power line designs at Evoenergy.
According to HB 331:2020 table 8.1 - wind pressure for types of equipment for 50-year return period, for wind region
A1-A7, and base wind speed of 39m/s, the wind pressure to be considered as 913 Pa.

4.2 Service conditions


The service conditions in the Australian Capital Territory are generally in accordance with normal service conditions
specified in AS 62271.1, AS 2067 and climate data online from Bureau of Meteorology, Australia.
The material must be required to operate in service conditions as outlined in the table below.

PARAMETER REQUIREMENT
Maximum Ambient Air Temperature 45 0C
Minimum Ambient Air Temperature -25 0C
Average Maximum ambient temperature over 24-
35 0C
hour period
Maximum Solar radiation 1.1kWm-2 (Equivalent to black body temperature of 80 0C
Altitude Less than 1000m above sea level
Pollution level Class C – Medium
Wind region A3
Maximum wind speed 34 m/s or 122.4 km/h
Average relative humidity over 24 hrs not exceeding 95%
Precipitation Average Annual Rainfall 630mm
Vibration due to causes external to material Negligible
Environment (AS 7000, Table D1) Climatic Zone – Temperate
Industrial proximity – exposure zone B1
TABLE 1. SERVICE CONDITIONS

4.3 Design life of overhead network


The design life of the Evoenergy overhead power distribution network was determined in consideration to the expected
service life of primary construction elements. Each standard approved component has been selected in consideration
ACT environmental conditions and Evoenergy network attributes.
The service life of most overhead network components is specified in various technical specifications which are
utilised to procure the items. The service life specified is consideration to material availability, the risk of the product
failing and the cost of replacement or renovation. Service life of assets maybe reduced where there is necessity to trial
or implement novel technologies or materials to lower the risk to Evoenergy team members, the public or to harness
other value.
Evoenergy material technical specifications generally request a design life of at least 40 years for the materials
or products used on the overhead network.

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A design life between 50-80 years is likely achievable in accordance with Appendix D AS7000. It is likely
materials which are specified as below will achieve the required design life:
 Hot dipped galvanising of all ferrous metals (excluding stainless steel) with a coating of 200g/m²
expected life 12-25 years, 400g/m² expected life 25-50 years.
 Use of concrete poles where possible, with an expected service life 60-80 years.

4.4 Design options analysis and selection


Design options analysis and selection will be guided by the over-arching principle that network designs minimise
the installation of new assets. That is:
1. New loads and load increases are to be serviced through existing assets, where practical, to increase the overall
network utilisation.
2. The extent of augmentation is to be minimised by switching existing loads to other LV or HV feeders, or
substations, where practical, to provide available existing network capacity at the proposed connection points.
3. Current loads are to be understood through measurement of the actual network or through interrogation of an
electronic system for fully occupied buildings and neighbourhoods. Additionally, the potential to maximise network
usage during the winter period is to be understood and considered when determining available capacity in the
existing network.
4. Any de-rating factors (e.g., connectors, LV boards) of LV and HV feeders are to be investigated and upgraded if
this provides a low-cost solution in providing the capacity necessary to service a new load or load increase.
5. Neighbouring developments that are included in future load determination, require at a minimum, a request
for Preliminary Network Advice; thereby providing the necessary confidence in the future connection of
these loads.
6. If network capacity is “reserved” and an alternate project becomes available that could utilise this reserved capacity,
the alternate project is to utilise this capacity unless the original project has (a) at a minimum progressed from the
PNA to the application stage or (b) if an offer has been accepted and the project developer is constructing the
development in accordance with the project milestones provided with the application.
7. When network augmentation is required, whole of life costs are to be considered when determining what assets are
to be installed, thereby providing a preference to assets with the least overall whole of life cost. In the absence of a
suitable systems integration functionality and a whole of life costs calculator this may be completed based on up-
front capital costs only.
8. When a new load can be supplied by more than one connection point or supply point, preference is to be given to
the Least Cost Technically Acceptable Solution (LCTAS).
9. The backyard overhead LV network is to be utilised where practical and cost effective, to remove the need to
produce a duplicate underground network in the street verge.

4.5 Environmental considerations


Designers must contact the Environment team through [email protected] for a preliminary
environmental assessment or desktop review prior to design finalisation in line with PO06103 Manage environmental
interactions. When requesting an assessment, the designer must include a project number or Work order, Block,
Section and Suburb Section, Asset ID and detailed information about the project.
An Evoenergy Environment officer will assess the site for cultural sensitivity, significant trees, threatened species of
flora and fauna, contaminated sites and any planning or development constraints which may require additional
approval or engagement with regulators. This assessment may require additional considerations to be incorporated
into the design, depending on the unique characteristics of the proposed works, site constraints and regulatory
obligations. Examples of mitigation may include:

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 Installation of bird diverters on OH lines near sensitive habitats or development of different pole top
structures to reduce nesting potential in nature reserves.
 Revised construction methodologies for working near established trees or within tree protection zones (e.g.,
hydrovac, matting to reduce soil compaction).
Depending on the project location, work proposed and environment and planning constraints, an environment officer
will provide advice to the Designer to incorporate and consider within 3 working days. This advice may result in
additional timeframes or consultation required with regulators depending upon the work location and work proposed.
Advice may also result in additional timeframes depending on required Development Approvals or Work Approvals
which must be facilitated by the Environment team (Network Initiated) or designer (Customer Initiated).
4.5.1 Development approval
Development Approvals may be required for works that are not exempt under the planning and development regulation
2008. If works are network initiated, the Environment Team can facilitate this process, however, if customer initiated,
the requirement for a Development Approval will be pushed on to the customer to provide. It is important to ensure that
all Evoenergy works have the required approvals prior to construction to ensure Evoenergy satisfies its regulatory
obligations.
4.5.2 Works approval
Works Approval is required for any work that is conducted within areas covered by the National Capital Plan and
administered by the National Capital Authority (NCA). If works are network initiated, the Environment Team can
facilitate this process, however, if customer initiated, the requirement for Works approval will be pushed on to the
customer to provide.
Under the national capital plan Evoenergy must plan the installation of electricity infrastructure to minimise visual
impact. This is of particular importance along major vistas, corridors, and major open space. Where the installation of
overhead conductors is not suited due to the impact to significant vistas the installation of underground reticulation
should be considered.
4.5.3 Network resilience
Evoenergy maintains a long-term target in its sustainability strategy that it is resilient to climate change and continue
to deliver and maintain a safe, reliable, and affordable electricity network for the ACT.
Efforts should be made where possible during the design process to account for considerations of future network
capability and capacity as increased electrical load and electrification continues as the ACT moves towards net-zero by
2045. Examples of this may include considerations of network losses through conductor sizing, transformer sizing or
local network configuration.
4.5.4 Supporting resources:
Evoenergy’s Environment Team maintains a Grid page with resources to support designers to consider
environmental and planning constraints in their preliminary designs. Resources include information on:
 Planning and Development
 Contaminated Land and VENM
 Oils and Fuel
 Working in Nature Reserves
 Heritage
 Extreme Weather
 Waste Management
Additional resources include mapping services provided by the ACT government through ACTmapi. This
service includes mapping information on:
 Bushfire Prone Areas (BPA) and Bushfire Abatement Zones (BPA)
 Flood prone areas

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 Aerial Imagery
 Land custodianship
 Heritage and culturally significant areas
 Significant species and vegetation communities
 Soil and hydro geological data
 Development constraints

4.6 Design considerations and load cases


At distribution voltages, overhead line design tends to consist more of structural engineering than electrical
engineering as shown in figure. The two main technical aspects to the design of overhead distribution lines
are:
1. Ensuring that the mechanical load forces do not exceed the strength of the structures or other
components, and
2. Ensuring that there are adequate clearances—between the conductors and the ground or from other
objects in the vicinity of the line, as well as between the various phase conductors and circuits
themselves so that clashing does not occur.

FIGURE 1. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND LOAD CASES

The line must comply with these requirements over the full design range of weather and load conditions
that could be reasonably encountered—when the line is cold and taut, when at its maximum design
temperature and consequently when conductor sag is at a maximum, and under maximum wind conditions.

4.7 Limit states


The Overhead line design must be based on limit state principal, for serviceability limit state and ultimate
strength limit states for the various line components.
For structural integrity to be maintained, the structure strength must always exceed the applied mechanical
load, otherwise the line passes beyond the limit of its intact state to a damaged state or failed state. Beyond
these limits, the line no longer satisfies the design performance requirements.

FIGURE 2. LIMIT STATE DESIGN

Limit states online components include but not limited to


 Structure design limit states (i.e., Ultimate strength limit state and Serviceability limit state

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 Conductors limit state (i.e., earth wires)
 Insulator limit states
 Electrical structure clearance limit states
AS 7000 Clause 6.3 limit states sets out the approach to be adopted in design. Limit state approach uses a
reliability-based approach to match component strengths to the effect of loads calculated based on an
acceptably low probability of occurrence, using the below equation.

EQUATION 1: LIMIT STATES

AS/NZS 7000 also sets out other limit states that designers may need to check where relevant, such as:
 Failure containment (to prevent a cascading failure after one structure fails) or broken wire condition
(where one phase conductor breaks on one side of a strain point, so that the loads applied are then out
of balance)
 Maintenance and construction loading
 Snow and ice loading
 Seismic loading
 Torsional loading
 Uplift

4.7.1 Component strength factors


AS/NZS7000 clause 6.3.4.2, Table 6.2 provides range of strength reduction factors applicable to different
materials and elements of the overhead line.

PART OF STRENGTH
COMPONENT LIMIT STATE
OVERHEAD LINE FACTOR φ

Strength 0.60
Pole
Wood structures preserved by Serviceability 0.34
full length treatment Strength 0.50
Crossarm
Serviceability 0.30

Strength 0.9
Concrete structures Pole
Serviceability 0.5

Fibre Reinforced Cement Strength 0.9


Pole
(FRC) Structure Serviceability 0.5

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PART OF STRENGTH
COMPONENT LIMIT STATE
OVERHEAD LINE FACTOR φ

Fibre Reinforced Polymer Strength 0.75


Pole
(FRP), (Composite) Structure Serviceability 0.25

Fibre Reinforced Polymer Strength 0.75


Crossarm
Structure (Composite) Serviceability 0.30

Steel structures Pole / Crossarm Strength 0.9

Guy / termination Cable


Strength 0.70
Stays members

Distribution Pole Strength 0.80

Strength 0.90
Conductors
Serviceability 0.50

Fittings and pins - forged or


Strength 0.80
fabricated

Fasteners Bolts, nuts, washers Strength 0.90

Porcelain or glass insulators Strength 0.80

0.7 (short term


ultimate for one
Synthetic composite suspension Strength minute
or strain insulators mechanical
strength)

Serviceability 0.3 to 0.4

0.9
Synthetic composite line post Strength (max. design
insulators cantilever load)

Serviceability 0.3 to 0.4

Foundations relying on strength


of soil—conventional soil Strength 0.6
testing

Foundations relying on
strength of soil—empirical Strength 0.5
assessment of soil
TABLE 2. COMPONENT STRENGTH FACTORS

As per AS 7000 Appendix J, it is recommended that for the serviceable loads, the maximum deflection of the
pole is 5% of the pole height above ground.

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4.8 Load factors and load cases

HORIZONTAL WIND LOAD VERTICAL LOADS


CONDUCTOR ON
LOAD CASE FORCES STRUCTURE CONDUCTORS STRUCTURE

Ft Wn Gc Gs

No Wind 1.1 _ 1.25 1.1

Wind 1.25 1.0 1.25 1.1


TABLE 3. LOAD FACTORS AND LOAD CASES

Notes:
 No Wind is a serviceability limit state. For this condition deflection limit is 5% of pole height
above ground.
 Wind is an ultimate strength limit state
 Refer to AS/NZS 7000, Table 7.1 for additional details.

4.9 Design wind pressures


Design wind pressures are provided in the Table below. Wind pressures in the column headed “Normal
Design Pressure” are to be used for all new lines except for special rural lines. Wind pressures in the last
column, “Special Exposed Rural Design Pressure” are only to be used for new rural lines without shielding,
either beside lakes and dams, or run over steep ridges.
In general, span reduction factors are not used within Evoenergy distribution design for the sake of simplicity.
However, their use may be warranted for very large spans, say in excess of 210m.

SPECIAL
NORMAL DESIGN
COMPONENT EXPOSED RURAL
PRESSURE
DESIGN PRESSURE

Conductors 900Pa 1300Pa


Round Poles 1300Pa 1800Pa
Flat Surfaces
2000Pa 2900Pa
(Projected Area)
TABLE 4. DESIGN WIND PRESSURES

Notes:
 Wind return period of 50 years has been used based upon AS/NZS 7000, Table 6.1, security level I,
50-year life.
 Normal Design Wind Pressures are based on region A3, terrain category 2 and 10m pole height
which gives 140km/h wind speed.
 Special Exposed Rural Design Wind Pressures are based on region A3, terrain category 1 (exposed
open terrain with few or no obstructions and water surfaces) and 10m height which gives 168km/h
wind speed. These wind pressures are also suitable for exposed hills up to topographic multiplier 1.2.
 The following drag coefficients of the various components have been used: - 1 for conductors,
1.4 for round poles and poles with 8 sides, 2.2 for square sections.

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4.10Design temperatures
SITUATION TEMP WHEN USED

Standard (Reference) Reference temperature for


15°C
Temperature conductor stringing tables

Standard Checking clearance from


Max. Design
Bare Mains 75°C ground or
Temp. (Hot)
(See Note 1) objects below the line

Checking clearance from


Min. Temp. (Cold) -10°C objects above the line
COLD

Checking for uplift forces, COLD


Uplift -10°C esp. on intermediate
structures

Checking intercircuit HOT


clearance—hot supercircuit
Subcircuit 15°C
above and cool subcircuit COOL
below

Checking horizontal line


displacement
Blowout 30°C
(sideways ‘sag’)
under 500Pa wind force PL AN

0°C
‘No Wind’ Load Condition Calculating sustained loads COOL

Calculating loads under COOL


‘Wind’ Load Condition 15°C
maximum wind condition

50°C Checking interphase


Midspan Conductor
conductor spacing to avoid
Clearances Note 2 clashing
WARM

TABLE 5. DESIGN TEMPERATURES

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Notes:
 Many older lines were designed to lower temperatures, commonly 50°C or 65°C.
 Due to cooling effect.
 Lower temperatures may be required for above 800m altitude where there may be snow and icing.

4.11Designs for bushfire areas


Design of the overhead network must apply mitigations to minimise the risk of bushfire caused by the
distribution network. The Evoenergy network interacts with both bushfire prone and bushfire abatement zones,
for the purpose of the application of bushfire risk mitigation, these areas are considered the same.
Mandatory bushfire mitigations include:
 Switchgear with exposed contacts such as air-break switches and bare links must not be installed in
bushfire prone areas. Switchgear with contacts enclosed in gas or vacuum such as gas switches and
reclosers must be used.
 The use of spiral vibration dampers, armour rods and preformed ties – hand ties must not be used on
conductors under tension
 Covered low voltage conductor
 CCT bridging on 11 and 22kV

4.12Classification of rural and urban


Rural region at Evoenergy will be defined as the union of non-urban zone, region other than act and bushfire
abatement zone:
 RURAL = NON-URBAN ZONE Ù REGION OTHER THAN ACT Ù BUSHFIRE ABATEMENT
ZONE

Urban region at Evoenergy will be defined as the region other than Rural, that is:
 URBAN = ACT REGION – RURAL

Refer to rural and urban classification guide, PO070509 for more details.

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5. SAFETY IN DESIGN
5.1 What is safety in design
Safety in design is a concept which seeks to eliminate or reduce hazards that maybe presented by the structure
or system to people, property or the environment throughout the entire life of the object. Safe design begins at
the early design stage where the designer considers the purpose of the structure or system. Design
considerations will include:
 What the system needs to do and for how long,
 Selection of suitable materials,
 How often will the structure need to be accessed?
 Does the site allow for the safe access of workers and their plant and equipment?
 How will the design interface to the existing network?
 How the system will be built, maintained, operated, removed, recycled or disposed of,
 Law, legislation, or local rules that may apply
 Identify key stakeholders which may include construction staff, local authorities or regulators,
property owners, community groups other affected utilities or customers.
Additional information and useful resources in relation safe design maybe found on the Commonwealth
Government Safe Work website.

5.2 Legalities and responsibilities relating to safe design


Under part 6.2 of the Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011 (Cth) requires the designer to develop a
written a safety report to that who commissioned the design. Designers must complete the safety in design
report which is considered to fulfil the obligations of the designer under clause 6.2 of the Work Health Safety
Regulation.
5.2.1 Evoenergy existing practices
Evoenergy currently requires designers to attend sites whilst developing a design. This site visit allows the
designer to assess the site and ensure that the proposed design will be fit for purpose. The designer is required
to complete a WORQ form for the design which is completed before the design is finalised and approved.
For most tasks this form is considered to fulfil the designer’s responsibility in relation to the development of a
written safety in design report.
Where the designer is not utilising approved Evoenergy Standards or where the project is complex in nature
the designer may need to conduct investigations and assessments beyond the considerations identified on the
form.

5.3 Safe design considerations specific to overhead line design


SA/SNZ HB 331 outlines that designers should consider:
 Which stakeholders need to be engaged? Authorities, contractors, suppliers/ manufacturers, road or
rail authorities, landowners, community groups, local authorities, safety regulators or third-party
utilities.
 A hazard and risk assessment,
 Specification of materials. Which Standard or Evoenergy specification is required, is the use of
standard approved constructions suited?
 Detailed line design
 Ensuring the design meets the requirements of AS/NZS 7000
 Information transfer of relevant information, data and works as executed details.

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5.4 Non-standard design
For project specific reasons, designers may consider a non-standard or non-typical design which may include
unfamiliar work practice or method of installation, unaccustomed material etc. Designer must review their non-
standard or non-typical design with relevant parties as per following table:

TYPES OF NON- LV, HV, TX NEW LV, HV, TX SCADA / PV / SOLAR /


STANDARD DESIGNS MATERIAL (EARTHING, PROTECTION BATTERY
CIVILS, ETC)
NEW WORK
PRACTICE

Asset Standards &


Specification  
Work Practices

PDL Construction
 
System Control/
Commissioning  
Zones
 
Network Service
 
Embedded
Generation 
TABLE 6. NON-STANDARD DESIGN REVIEW REQUIREMENT

If designer is to implement something different from above mentioned types of non-standard design, then
designer is to check with each section supervisor/manager if they would like to assess the non- standard or
non-typical design.

5.5 Maximum demand


The maximum demand of a proposed installation must be estimated by the Design Officer after
obtaining relevant information from the client in accordance with PO07385 “Maximum Demand
Estimates for Residential, Commercial and Industrial Installations”.
For Brownfield developments, it is recommended that at least two methods are used to estimate maximum
demand. The choice of methods is subject to availability of data such as: load density and net floor area along
with a list of connected loads and corresponding diversity factors.
When a number of consumers are connected to a three-phase electricity supply system, the total loading is
normally not the sum of the individual consumer’s maximum loads. In the particular case of URD projects in
Greenfield areas, where the dominant types of consumers are domestic residences, load diversity and phase
unbalance will affect the overall maximum demand seen by the supply system. The influence of these two
effects must be taken into account when estimating the loading on cables and substations. Load diversity occurs
because the maximum demand of a given group of consumers occurs at different times of the daily load cycle.
For design purposes, the average demand for a very large number of consumers is the After Diversity
Maximum Demand (ADMD).
For further details on types of method and ADMD values, refer to PO07385 “Maximum Demand
Estimates for Residential, Commercial and Industrial Installations”.

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5.6 Use of the ADMS for LV network voltage analysis
Connection of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to Evoenergy’s LV network has now reached levels
where it can adversely affect supply power quality if not managed satisfactorily. Of particular concern, for the
purposes of this document, is voltage rise conditions due to reverse power flow.
Hence assessment of voltage at the various points of interest (service connection points and points of common
coupling) must consider peak power flow in both directions based on the daily load/generation profile. This
exercise is best carried out using load flow study software.
Evoenergy uses the load flow module in the ADMS to model and simulate power flow for the purposes of
analysing voltage performance in an existing or modified network. The ADMS has provision for specifying
different types of loads (e.g., residential, commercial) and embedded generating sources (e.g., Solar PV) to
represent operating conditions more closely.
The designer makes the required changes in an offline model (simulation) of the real time network in the
ADMS and runs load flow studies on this model to get feeder loading and voltages at nominated nodes or
terminals.
Refer to the ADMS user guides for the procedure on simulating a load flow study for new
development/connection within the distribution network in Greenfield or Brownfield areas.
As an alternative to using the ADMS other suitable methods may be adopted for analysing the LV network
with the approval of relevant stakeholders.

5.7 Voltage drop and rise limits


The design must ensure voltage at the customer’s supply connection point is maintained within the range
defined by PO070523 “Standard Supply Voltage for LV System”, which is +10%, -6%. For a nominal 230V
phase to neutral supply system this equates to the range 216V to 253V. Both voltage drop and voltage rise
conditions need to be managed to ensure compliance with the above requirement.
To ensure voltage performance is satisfactory, voltage calculations must be done from the distribution
transformer LV links to the last customer’s point of entry on each LV distribution circuit for peak power flow in
both directions. Therefore, two sets of calculations are required, one for voltage drop under peak demand/low
generation conditions and one for (possible) voltage rise under low demand/peak generation conditions. For
voltage drop the minimum voltage will be at the farthest connected load and for voltage rise the maximum
voltage will be at the farthest connected generator. For further details refer to Evoenergy document PO070523
“Standard Supply Voltage for LV System”.
The recommended allowance for voltage drops and rise across the various network elements is detailed
in Table below.

ELEMENT VOLTAGE DROP VOLTAGE RISE


HV Feeder 4.5% -
Substation 2.5% -
LV Feeder 4.5% 7%
Service Cable 1.5% for a total voltage drop of 3% for a total voltage rise of
(4.5+1.5) = 6% of nominal (7+3) = 10% of nominal
TABLE 7. TABLE - RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP AND RISE

The values in the table above assume that the tap-changer on the Pole Substation transformer is set at 5% boost
and the tap-changers on the Zone Substation transformers are set at 2% boost at high load. A load flow study
reflecting power flow and actual transformer tap settings under peak load and generation conditions is required
to reliably assess the voltage profile at the various points of relevance.
Voltage levels (drop/rise) are to be assessed using ADMS as per clause 4.3. For Brownfield development the
existing low voltage network may need to be investigated and analysed (for voltage levels, existing loading,
any solar PV resources causing reverse the power flow etc.) at the preliminary design stage.

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5.8 Ferroresonance
Ferroresonance is a phenomenon which may occur when a capacitance is either in series or in parallel with a
nonlinear inductance. It can cause over voltages and over currents that can pose a risk to transmission and
distribution equipment and to operational personnel.
In power distribution systems, the most common place to find ferroresonance is when a three-phase distribution
transformer is energised through an underground cable. Under no load, or very light load conditions, the cable
parameters (length, type) may result in the capacitance being sufficient to create ferroresonance under single
phase switching conditions. Single phase switching conditions occur when operating single phase HV switches
or HV drop-out fuse units.
Whilst there are other methods of controlling ferroresonance, the use of ganged 3-phase HV switching is one
of the most effective and commonly used methods of avoiding it. This is why 3- phase HV switching is the
standard adopted by Evoenergy. For further detail refer to Evoenergy document PO07177 – “Ferroresonance
Causes and Mitigation”.

5.9 Communication
Building a smart grid involves transforming the traditional electricity network by adding new, smart technology.
It includes field installed smart sensors, field automation, new back-end IT systems, and a communications
network. Smart grids provide instant information (data) about the network to make it more efficient through
faster fault location and preventive maintenance and to help reduce interruptions, support more renewable
energy and give Evoenergy greater control over its Network.
5.9.1.1 SCADA / Reliability Considerations:
Remote monitoring or operability must be considered in the following circumstances -
 Approximately 500 customers or more between remote switching points along trunk or branch of
feeder
 Restricted or limited access to network
 Planned Open Points between feeders OR areas where 3 HV Feeder to be connected.
 First point out of the Zone Substation (after long HV cable or line run)
 Any P1 or P2 high priority customers as per PO07273 Network Emergency Response section 2.1.2
 Near known unreliable part of the network and/or worst performing HV feeders.
 Highly utilised switchgear
 On any feeder which is targeted for FLISR (Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration)
The Project/Design Engineer must liaise with the Planning team and System Control to identify remote
operability requirements, information on unreliable network and/or worst performing HV feeders during
preparation of design.

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6. DESIGN PROCESS
6.1 General
The design process is iterative. The designer initially assumes certain pole positions, pole lengths, pole top
constructions and conductor stringing tensions. The design is then analysed and adjusted, sometimes several
times over, until an optimum design arrangement is obtained. The final design should be one that:
 Is economical (considering the whole-of-life cost), which usually means keeping structures to a
minimum number, and of an economical size
 Meets all applicable technical and regulatory standards (e.g. Voltage drop, current capacity,
adequate clearances, not mechanically overloaded)
 Meets all safety and environmental standards
 Is practical to construct, maintain and operate
 Has adequate reliability for the intended purpose.
The design procedure is illustrated below in figure. Note that not all steps are required for every design, and
the order of the various steps may vary.

FIGURE 3. GENERAL DESIGN PROCESS

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6.2 Design inputs
The design inputs/parameters must be gathered before commencing design. These may consist of the
following: -
 Power transfer
 Voltage level
 Line route including beginning and end points, clearances to other structures and vegetation, ground
profile
 Number of circuits
 Conductor type
 Aesthetic, heritage, and environmental constraints/considerations
 Planning requirements
 Coordination with other authorities and services
 Stakeholder requirements
 Future developments
 Land use and property owner requirements
 Project reports, specifications, and requirements
Note: Use Poles & Wires software to determine items marked (*)

6.3 Route selection


The aim of the route selection process is to select the lowest cost solution that meets the technical
requirements and minimises community impacts.
Appropriate consideration should be given at the route selection stage to the use of the land proposed for the
power line corridor.
Considerations should include:
 Environmental
 Risk Minimisation
 Constructability/ Maintainability/ Operation
 EMF exposure
 Efficiency- minimising conductor CSA, reducing the number of structures and line deviations
6.3.1 General pole layout/ placement considerations
The following strain section rules should be applied: -
 If strung tight (i.e. greater than or equal to 10%CBL) then limit ratio of smallest to largest span in the
tension section to 2:1
 If strung slack (i.e. less than 10%CBL) then limit ratio of smallest to largest span in the
tension section to the range 0.5xMES to 2xMES
 If differences in smallest to largest span in the tension section exceed these limits, then install a
shackle pole

6.4 Conductor selection


Refer to Section 9: Conductors

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6.5 Route survey and ground profile
Identify constraints and develop a survey plan for the selected route. Ground line profiling is required where
poles are to be positioned on undulating terrain. Ground line profiling may not be necessary for areas where the
ground level is relatively flat or has a consistent slope.
The route is broken into a number of sections of constant gradient. Slope distance and inclination are then drawn
to scale to produce the ground profile. Alternatively, ground profile data may be shown in tabular form, suitable
for computer entry. Slope and inclination can be converted to RL (reduced level) and chainage using
trigonometry. Relevant features such as trees, roads, gullies, fences & obstacles are also shown on the ground
profile. Note vertical scale is selected to exaggerate any slopes.

6.6 Structure selection


Refer to section 10 Poles.

6.7 Circuit profile


Using Poles & Wires software construct a model of the line showing pole positions, ground profile and lowest
conductor catenary profile. Conductor catenary is based on mean equivalent span when at maximum operating
temperature.

6.8 Land use


See below table permitted and non-permitted land use

PERMITTED LAND USES NON-PERMITTED LAND USES


Grazing, agriculture, market gardening, nurseries Large spray irrigators of the gun type
Cemeteries, both pet and human. Children's playgrounds
Landscaping, trees and shrubs of limited height Swimming pools
Car parking for conventional vehicles Storage of materials
Water storage, pollution control ponds, drainage Permanent or temporary habitation (tents,
channels and floodways (swimming not permitted, and caravans)
boat mast height limited)
Roads, cycleways, footpaths Refuelling of vehicles
Golf courses, providing those fairways are sited so as Aerial activities (flying, hang gliding, kites,
to avoid insulator damage by golf balls model planes)
Neighbourhood playing fields, restricted to ground level Structures other than fences, poles of lighting
sports and activities, with limitations on the location of standards of limited height including Saleyards or
goal posts, floodlights, high fencing, tennis umpires’ parking for large vehicles
chairs and the like.
TABLE 8. LAND USE

6.9 Pole positions and details


Locate obvious structures such as terminations, transformer poles, tee-off’s, service poles (adjacent to entry
points), high points, switches and reclosers first.
Next nominate strain positions at large deviation angles.
Finally, locate in-line structures based on spanning ability. Pole positions must be selected based on the ground
conditions being suitable for foundations (i.e., avoid lose ground such as sand, rock etc). If a pole must be
placed in difficult ground conditions, then a special foundation must be designed.

6.10Uplift
For structures located in gullies, they may go into uplift under cold conductor tension conditions. If this is
possible then the following possible remedial options must be considered: -

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 Change the pole to a strain
 Move the pole position
 Reduce conductor tension
 Increase pole height
 Reduce adjacent pole heights if ground clearance allows

6.11Mechanical loads
Poles, crossarms, foundations, stays and conductors must be checked for the maximum loading (wind, snow and
ice) and the everyday condition of sustained load. If structure designs have not previously been assessed, then
they must also be checked for maintenance and construction loading.
Pole loading must be checked against pole capacity summarised in section 11 Poles. If capacity significantly
exceeds pole loading, then check next lowest pole strength. Alternatively, if pole capacity is insufficient, then
consider: -
 Selecting stronger pole
 Fitting a stay if space permits
 Reduce conductor tensions for strain poles
In cases where the above options are unsuitable, consider adding a short slack span to an extra pole that can be
stayed.

6.12Fittings and other requirements


The design is not complete until all the details are complete. Consider the following: -
 Fitting of preform ties and armour rods in fire prone areas
 Fitting of vibration dampers
 Fitting of aerial markers
 Services and phasing
 Wildlife proofing
 Details of clamps, lugs, connectors, sleeves, bridging
 Details of pole-mounted plant, fusing and settings
 Earthing
 Lightning and surge protection
 Vegetation clearing requirements
 Special foundations

6.13Design documentation
The following detailed design documentation package is required: -
 Structure schedule
 Conductor schedule (ruling span, sags, tensions)
 Material and plant list
 Single line diagram
 Geographical plan
 Design calculations
 Foundation design

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 Route plan and longitudinal profile
 Crossing details
 Construction plans (limitations, archaeological sites, outages)
 Vegetation clearing
 Legal approvals (Property details, wayleaves, and Easements)
 Environmental documentation (typically endorsement from the Environmental team section)
6.13.1 Structure schedule
 Structure chainage positions and deviation angles
 Structure type and height data
 Span length, wind span, weight span
 Conductor tensions, vibration damper positions
 Earthing and foundation requirements
6.13.2 Plan
 The centreline of the line
 All terrain features captured by surveys and mapping scans
 All structure locations, structure types and heights
 All roads, tracks, water courses, fences, clearance obstructions etc
 Conductor stringing chart
6.13.3 Longitudinal profile
 All structure locations, structure types and heights
 Conductor sag profiles for maximum and minimum temperature conditions
 Side slope constraints
 Vegetation clearances where preservation measures are applied
6.13.4 Traceable design for verification
Technical review of the following main items is required before construction:
 Electrical clearances
 Adjacent span ratio
 Uplift on structures (cold condition)
 Structure ultimate and serviceability limit states
 Special locations (exposure to EPR and EMF)
6.13.5 As-constructed documentation
 As-constructed plans
 Finalisation of legal requirements including easements
 Erection of warning signs (e.g. water crossings)
 Network data requirements (plant numbers, asset numbers, switching numbers, test results, actual
conductor rating)

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7. INTERFACE TO EXISTING NETWORK
7.1 General
This section outlines considerations and requirements when extending or modifying the existing overhead
power network. Careful consideration to how the existing network will interface to the new proposed network
must occur. The designer is responsible for providing all details in relation to this to the relevant stakeholders.

7.2 AS/NZS 7000 limited application to existing network


The application of AS/NZS 7000 to the overhead power network is mandated through regulation in the ACT.
Where works maybe considered maintenance or life extension tasks the strict application of AS/NZS 7000 need
not apply. Where such tasks are programmed the work team must be provided the required information to
ensure the standard of the day maybe applied. Appendix C of this document outlines the drawing numbers
and titles of legacy constructions. All drawings are available on the drawing viewer
As prescribed in this document some legacy constructions and practices must not occur even if considered
maintenance or life extension tasks.

7.3 Existing network conductor tensions


Designers must consider the actual conductor tension of adjacent spans which are outside of the proposed work
area. Typically network conductors were constructed with tensions lower than that specified in design
documentation or standards. Where the designer fails to recognise adjacent slack spans and considers tensions
are in accordance with current design methodology the pole structures will likely lean and transfer loads to
adjacent infrastructure.
The designer may overcome such issues by:
 Specifying lower conductor tensions for the proposed works where appropriate. The tension/ sag of the
new conductors maybe specified to an equal and opposite load to the existing forces placed on the
structure. In this instance the designer must ensure that sufficient ground clearance and clearance to
third party assets are maintained
 Installing stays to the structures on each end of the network augmentation
 Include tensioning conductors adjacent to the work site as appropriate in the project
7.3.1 Determining existing applied tensions
It is preferred that designers utilise design software to determine the applied tension from existing network
conductors. To determine the forces, the designer should attend site and record:
 The ambient temperature
 The number of conductors per circuit and conductor type
 Height of circuit attachment
 Length of spans
 Approximate variation in ground level
Where the design requires a greater level of accuracy the designer may request a survey to profile the
groundline. The designer may also request the construction teams to restrain existing mains to ensure the
design maintains the required clearances in accordance with this manual.

7.4 Maintaining/ reinstating stays


The removal of existing network stays should be avoided unless the stay poses a legitimate public hazard. Due
to the challenges of installing sound pole foundations and the process of installing new stays in the backyard
environment stays should not be removed unless the designer is sure the stay is not required.
Prior to approving a stay to be removed the designer must ensure:

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 Existing network conductors are sufficiently sized for existing and possible future network
demands
 The installed stay is not under load
 The network conductors are correctly tensioned
 Sufficient ground clearance is maintained for Evoenergy, and/ or third-party assets attached to the
structure

7.5 Midspan conductor clearances in adjacent spans


The designer must ensure that adequate conductor clearances are maintained to at least one span each side of
the structures located to the outer perimeters of the proposed works. Such clearances include inter circuit
clearances, phase to phase and ground clearances.
Where the designer specifies a flat construction (i.e. not delta) the adjacent pole structure must not utilise
crossarms shorter than that approved for current standard constructions. Where shorter legacy crossarms are in
existence the designer must identify the crossarm to be changed in the project scope.

7.6 Designs to not create 3 or 4-way bare LV constructions


The designer must not specify network modifications or augmentations which result in three-way or four-way
low voltage bare mains constructions. Where such scenarios occur the low voltage mains to the lower circuit
(s) must be augmented to LV ABC.
This requirement allows safer access to network assets by Evoenergy representatives who may employ
energised work practices on the structure. Three way and four-way bare mains constructions are difficult to
apply temporary insulation to and present a high-risk work environment.

7.7 Mechanical assessment required on pole structures


Designers must arrange a pole inspection if the works increase the existing pole tip load by greater than 1kN.
This requirement must be observed for all structures regardless of installation date or pole strength.
The designer should also consider the loading that will be temporarily applied to the pole during construction
activities. An example of a temporary load change is where the construction crew is required or will likely
lower conductors away from a structure, which transfers the load to an adjacent pole. Where temporary loads
will be applied to structures the designer should allocate enough resources to manage the temporary loads (i.e.
lifter borer) and arrange pole inspections of the adjacent structures as required.

7.8 Inspection of network conductors


The designer must inspect the network conductors throughout the proposed work area. Mains should be in good
condition and not contain broken strands or be degraded by corrosion or annealing. Where damaged mains are
noted, the project scope should identify the need to repair or replace the damaged conductors.
The designer must positively identify the existing conductor’s size and stranding. If not a standard conductor,
the designer must ensure that sufficient line fittings are available to complete the proposed works. In some
instances, the conductor may need to be replaced if conductor fittings are unable to be sourced. Preformed line
fittings including dead ends, fan grips, line splices are typically single use items and must not be reinstalled.

7.9 Reinforced poles


The designer must consult the Overhead Network Asset Manager should a reinforced pole be inside the work
area of any overhead conductor augmentation project. The Asset Manager will decide whether the reinforced
pole is required to be replaced as part of the project scope.

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7.10Banned legacy constructions
This section outlines methods of construction which were previously acceptable construction in the
Evoenergy network, though must not be reinstated/ renewed.
7.10.1 Bare conductor bridging
Life extension and maintenance tasks that involve the disconnection of bare conductor bridging on Low
voltage circuits or 11kV tee off (multiple circuit) constructions, the bare bridging must not be reinstated.
CCT is the preferred bridging conductor for the 11kV and 22kV network.

Note: Bare conductor maybe used for 11kV and 22kV bridging on double termination constructions. Tee off
and double termination constructions where multiple crossarms are required must have CCT installed as the
bridging material.
Low voltage LV ABC of the appropriate size is the preferred material for low voltage bridges, however grey
flexible conduit maybe installed over the bare bridge as required.
7.10.2 Short 11kV cross arms
Short cross arms that were typically installed to the 11kV overhead network must be replaced with a current
standard cross arm.
7.10.3 Long unsupported bridges/ bonds
Legacy constructions that resulted in long electrical bonds must not be reinstated. A hazardous bridge is one
which has potential to contact a lower circuit or an object of different electrical potential or fall within 3.5m of
ground line should the bridge become loose. Bridges may become loose if a network connection fails.
Where hazardous length bridges are disconnected during a project, they must not be reinstated. The designer
should specify a bridging crossarm to which the bridging conductors are supported at an appropriate position
on the pole structure. Should the bridge become loose the support arm will limit the risk of the energised
bridge creating a hazardous scenario.
7.10.4 Existing network defects
Designers have opportunity to realise additional value when specifying new works. Designers should be aware
of existing defects inside the proposed work area and where possible address the defects through their design.
Where network defects are in existence in the vicinity of the works, consultation should occur with the Asset
Manager to confirm the scope of the works and provide opportunity to plan resources to repair defects whilst
the proposed works are under construction.

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8. ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CLEARANCE
8.1 General
Electrical design for an overhead line must consider following:
 Conductor selection considering minimal losses, voltage drops, current carrying capacity, corona,
and audible noise levels. See Appendix H of AS7000 for details.
 Power frequency, switching and lightning voltages
 Electrical clearances
 Selection of insulation
 Lightning performance
 Earthing. See Section 10 of AS7000 and Evoenergy earthing design manuals
 Electric and Magnetic fields. See section 3.14 of AS7000
Overhead network apparatus must maintain enough physical separation from objects to reduce risk of injury and
increase network reliability.
Clearance requirements are outlined in drawings and documents referenced in this section and are available on
drawing viewer, policies, and procedures or by request to Network Standards.

8.2 Structure geometry


Structures must be designed with adequate air clearance; in such manner it is able to perform reliably and
conduct maintenance in safe manner. The electrical design determines the structure geometry and must be
coordinated with the structural design.
For further detail, refer to Clause 3.6 and Appendix EE of AS7000.

8.3 Conductor clearance requirements


8.3.1 AS7000 conductor clearance requirements
Clearances to structures and other lines are given in the following tables in AS/NZS7000:
 Powerline crossings – Table 3.1 and Table 3.3
 Clearance to earthed structures – Table 3.4
 Clearance from ground, lines other than insulated service lines – Table 3.5
 Clearance from ground, insulated LV service – Table 3.6
 Clearance from structures – Table 3.7
8.3.2 Mid span phase conductor to phase conductor clearances
The designer must ensure that mid span conductor to conductor clearances are maintained in accordance with
AS/NZS 7000. In consideration to assessing the adequacy of mid span inter conductor clearance to the equation
under 3.7.3.2 of AS/NS 7000, and the following “k” factors should be applied:
 Bushfire prone areas= 0.6
 All other areas= 0.4

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Tabled below are the typical standard constructions X and Y dimensions in consideration to equation
3.5 AS/NZS7000 considering a 0°line deviation:

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION GEOMETRY IN CONSIDERATION TO FIGURE 3.5 AS/NZS 7000


Drawing number description X (mm) Y (mm)
D201-0026 (11kV Inline) 950 1170
D201-0027 (11kV double strain) 950 900
D201-0028 (11kV Termination) 950 900
TABLE 9. STANDARD X AND Y GEOMETRY STANDARD CONSTRUCTION

8.3.3 Horizontal clearances from aerial line to non-flammable materials


Following minimum horizontal clearance are to be maintained between the any point of the vertical projection
below the aerial line to the non-flammable material. For further details, refer to “SL2001-28” Utility Networks
(Public Safety) Regulation 2001.
 Areal Conductors; U < 1kV: 2000mm
 Areal Conductors; U < 33kV: 2700mm

8.4 Support structure clearance requirements


8.4.1 Horizontal clearance from poles to adjacent structures
Allow for a minimum of 1500mm clearance between the support structure (pole) and adjacent structures.
 Driveways
 Kerb / Road
8.4.2 Horizontal clearance from poles to other services
Allow for a minimum of 1500mm clearance between the support structure (pole) and other utility services.
 Underground Water and Sewerage pipes, GAS Pipes (Distribution/ Service)
 Underground assets of other utilities, i.e., Service pits.
8.4.3 Reference relating to network clearances to structures
DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
3811-004 Minimum Clearances Insulated & Bare Overhead Conductors
3832-018 Separation and Cover Requirements for Cables and Plant
TABLE 10. NETWORK CLEARANCE TO STRUCTURES

8.5 Third party assets clearance requirements


Evoenergy structures often have third party assets installed below the electrical network conductors. To ensure
the Evoenergy structure is not compromised by the third-party asset being struck by a vehicle all specified
ground clearances for low voltage network conductors must be maintained to the third-party owned assets.

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Minimum clearances between Evoenergy and third-party telecommunication cables must be
maintained in accordance with the below tabled documents:

DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
390-018 Clearance requirements between Evoenergy infrastructure and telecommunication
carriers cable installation
PO07218 Installation requirements for telecommunication equipment on Evoenergy assets

390-022 Third party microcell and antenna requirements radio frequency hazards minimum
clearance to ground
Third party microcell and antenna requirements bare overhead mains minimum
390-023
clearance requirements
390-024 Third party microcell and antenna requirements LV ABC construction required
minimum clearances
390-025 Third party microcell and antenna requirements isolation switch mounting
considerations fixed to Evoenergy structures
TABLE 11. REFERENCES RELATING TO NETWORK TELECOMMUNICATION ASSET CLEARANCES

8.6 Required clearances to vegetation


Ongoing vegetation management tasks should be minimised through selecting the optimal route. The designer
must ensure that the proposed design does not encroach vegetation clearances outlined in the drawings tabled
below:

DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY ZONE SUBSTATIONS IN ACT
3811-014 AND NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY GROUND ASSETS IN ACT AND
3811-015 NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY HIGH VOLTAGE UNDERGROUND
3811-016 AND OVERHEAD NETWORK ASSETS IN ACT
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY LOW VOLTAGE
3811-017 UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD NETWORK ASSETS IN ACT
3811-018 VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UG & OH TRANSMISSION LINE ASSETS IN ACT
3811-019 FALL IN HAZARDOUS VEGETATION IN ACT & NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY HIGH VOLTAGE UG & OH NETWORK
3811-020 ASSETS IN NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY LOW VOLTAGE UG & OH
3811-021 NETWORK ASSETS IN NSW

TABLE 12. VEGETATION CLEARANCE REFERENCES

Where proposed works will encroach the existing vegetation at a distance less than that allowable in the
above-mentioned drawings the designer must seek all approvals and allow for the required resources to
resolve the clearance issues.
Proposed designs must minimise the ongoing costs of maintaining the network including activities in relation
to vegetation management.

8.7 Required clearances to pools


Designers must consider the location of existing and proposed swimming pools and spas when specifying
overhead network designs. Implications that relate to swimming pools in proximity to the overhead network
include earthing and personal safety should a conductor become free from a

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nearby structure. Clearance requirements in relation to the overhead network and swimming pools are
outlined in the drawing and document tabled below:

DRAWING/ DOCUMENT
TITLE
NUMBER
3832-020 Clearance Requirement for Swimming Pool from Electrical
Infrastructure
PO07127 Evoenergy Distribution Earthing Design Manual
TABLE 13. REFERENCE RELATING TO CLEARANCES TO POOLS

8.8 Required clearance to streetlight assets


The following clearances apply to streetlights: -
 100mm from bare LV to street light bracket on same pole.
 1200mm from bare HV (11kV or 22kV) to street light bracket on same pole.

8.9 Plant, conductor, and electrical apparatus


clearance requirements
Where a designer specifies structure geometry which is non-standard the clearances should not be less than
those outlined in Evoenergy drawing 392-43-06. If the listed separations outlined do not meet project
objectives the designer may specify reduced clearances with approval. Where structure geometry is not in
compliance with the referenced documents the safety in design report should outline the variations and any
associated risks or controls.

DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
392-43-06 Plant positioning guidelines pole top construction
392-43-07 Minimum bridging separations pole top construction
TABLE 14. REFERENCES FOR DETERMINING AMENDMENTS TO STRUCTURE GEOMETRY

8.10Stay clearances
Clearance is required between energised conductors and stay wires to prevent flashover and clashing. The
minimum separation under 500Pa wind is the phase to earth clearance from drawing 392-43-07:
 85mm for LV
 280mm for 11kV and 22kV

8.11Aircraft navigation overcrossing marking


Overcrossing markers must be positioned to provide warning of an approaching electrical overcrossing. The
designer must specify where markers must be placed in accordance with:

DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
392-41-20 Air navigation Overcrossing Marker Assembly
AS 3891.1 Air Navigation - Cables and Their Supporting Structures - Marking and Safety
Requirements
TABLE 15. AERIAL OVER CROSSING REQUIREMENTS

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8.12Railway crossings and line design within rail
corridor/ easement
Evoenergy does not maintain standardised pole constructions or design processes for railway crossings or for
any Evoenergy infrastructure to be constructed inside the rail corridor.
Railway corridor crossings should be avoided as far practicable. Should the need arise for overhead conductors
to cross or enter a rail corridor the designer must consult the Railway Managing Authority on the matter, as
varied standards apply to these sections of network.
Working in rail corridors requires specialised training and the hazards presented in these areas are not currently
managed by Evoenergy. The designer must consult with internal stakeholders to ensure the works maybe
completed and maintained by Evoenergy team members currently employed in the business.
At the time of drafting this document, UGL Regional Linx managed the Country Regional Network
(CRN). For further information refer to the Country Regional Network document CRN ET 002
Requirements for Electric Aerials Crossing CRN Infrastructure.
The responsible designer must ensure approval is sort from the Network Services Manager prior to progressing
the design beyond initial discussions with external stakeholders in relation to Evoenergy’s appetite to maintain
design and worker compliance of the crossing.

8.13Water crossings
Designer’s specifying network conductors that cross waterways must ensure the design process, specified
hazard mitigation controls and the proposed design meets the requirements and/or recommendations of
AS6947 Crossing of waterways by electricity infrastructure. Water crossings do not have a standardised
design process as each water crossing has varied hazards and designs should be done so in collaboration with
internal stakeholders. This approach should ensure that the asset is able to be constructed, maintained,
minimises risk of harm to people, maintains network reliability and has acceptable environmental impacts.

8.14Electric and magnetic fields (EMF)


Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) must be a considered when designing or augmenting sections of the
overhead network. Resulting electric fields are proportional to the voltage, while magnetic fields are
proportionate to the current. It is not established that EMF has adverse effects to human health, though is of
concern to members of the public.
Standards Australia has issued a recommendation in SA/SNZ HB331 to observe a prudent avoidance approach.
Prudence avoidance is described as “Doing what can be done without undue inconvenience and at modest
expense to avert the possible risk” (Gibbs H, ‘The Gibbs Report’, 1991).
8.14.1 Strategies to reduce EMF risk
Increasing distance between where people may gather to the conductors, specifying network
configurations, and selecting materials that reduce EMF are three effective strategies to reduce a potential
risk to health from EMF.
8.14.2 Distance
Increasing the distance between the distribution network to where humans congregate reduces exposure to EMF.
EMF densities reduce in a nonlinear curve over distance from the source. Minimum distances between network
assets and the groundline are mandated through designing the network to AS7000, though where possible these
distances should be maximised by selecting appropriate stringing tensions and positioning structures to
maximise ground clearance.
Route selection in accordance with the “Design process” section of this document reduces the risk to society by
selecting the route which poses minimal risk should EMF created by the distribution network cause adverse
health effects.

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8.14.3 Network configuration
EMF density increases with electrical current. Configuring the network in consideration to balancing
electrical loads will reduce potential EMF risk. As far as reasonably practical distribution substations should
be located centrally to the area the substation will typically supply to reduce the electrical current in the
conductors.
Maximum demand levels from existing substations should be reviewed when augmenting or modifying the
connected network. Where substations are unevenly electrically loaded, designers may have opportunity to
address the imbalance through the network augmentation design. This may be done so by requesting
construction teams to connect new single-phase services to a lightly loaded network phase.
8.14.4 Material/ standard construction selection
Selecting materials and construction types may reduce potential EMF risk. Opportunity especially exists in the
low voltage network where EMF is reduced by specifying bundled conductor. The positioning of adjacent
unlike phase conductors reduces the combined EMF produced. Typically, the closer conductors are to one
another the lower the EMF produced.
Reduced interphase clearances on the 11kV and 22kV are unable to be achieved by selecting Evoenergy
standard cables. Reducing clearances between bare MV conductors increases the risk of mid-span clashing and
as such is not a viable solution to reduce EMF levels.

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9. CONDUCTORS
9.1 Conductor selection
Bare conductor selection consists of consideration of wire size, shape and material, electrical,
mechanical, environmental, and economic factors. Conductor selection involves the consideration of:
 Electrical requirements for load and fault current ratings and joule losses.
 Mechanical requirements including annealing, drag coefficient, operating temperature,
constructability (no bird caging or unravelling), permanent elongation, fatigue endurance,
conductor diameter, sag and strength relationship.
 Environmental requirements for corrosion and lightning damage; and
 Economic requirements for cost of losses, capital costs, load profile, interest rate, load growth,
inventory costs and construction costs (ratio of tension to suspension structures).
In general, the following standard conductors shall be used for new lines:

HV APPLICATION CONDUCTOR
Urban mains Neptune 19/3.25mm AAC
Rural mains Mercury 7/4.50mm AAC
Banana 6/1/3.75mm ACSR/GZ
Rural take offs Raisin 3/4/2.50mm ACSR/GZ
LV APPLICATION CONDUCTOR
Residential service LV 25mm2 2 core TW
Residential service LV 25mm2 4 core TW
Commercial service LV ABC 95mm2 4 core TW
Commercial service LV ABC 150mm2 4 core TW
TABLE 16. CONDUCTOR SELECTION

Only in special situations where standard conductors are not suitable other conductors may be used. For rural
areas, underground or covered conductor is required for bushfire mitigation. The following are possible
scenarios requiring non-standard conductors.
For rural where overhead must be used, Grape 30/7/2.50mm ACSR/GZ may be required for long span mains
and Imperial (3/12G SC/GZ no longer preferred) for long span, low current.
LV ABC is preferred for all LV. For LV where bare overhead must be used, Neptune 19/3.25mm AAC or
Mercury 7/4.5mm AAC may be used. Choose Neptune or Mercury based on current rating.
Copper conductors are not to be used for any new works and/or extensions.
No new, bare open wire LV conductors are to be installed in the Bushfire Abatement Zones (BAZ) or rural
areas. No bare LV conductors to be used in the first span from the Pole Substation for new designs.
CCT or CC cables may be considered for HV lines subject to Asset Strategy & Planning approval:
 Near vegetation (present or future)
 Where there is a likelihood of objects falling or blowing onto the mains, e.g. Tree branches, chains
Where wildlife may otherwise cause outages
 Where mains are likely to be contacted by crane jibs, boat masts or other objects
 For lines located near structures
Refer to drawing D204-0005 for details of standard overhead conductors, accessories, and interface
assemblies

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9.2 Conductor attributes
9.2.1 Electrical properties and ratings
9.2.1.1 Bare mains
CONDUCTOR SUMMER WINTER WINTER
MATERIAL TYPE STRANDING TEMP (°C) DAY (A) DAY (A) NIGHT (A)

75 375 477 525


WASP 7/0.173”
50 192 363 429
75 386 492 541
MERCURY 7/4.50
50 197 374 442
AAC
75 478 610 675
HORNET 19/0.128”
50 236 462 552
75 478 610 675
NEPTUNE 19/3.25
50 236 462 552
75 133 167 182
RAISIN 3/4/2.50
50 73 129 149
75 210 266 289
FERRET 6/1/0.118”
50 113 204 237
75 208 262 286
APPLE 6/1/2.50
50 112 201 234
75 265 335 367
ACSR MINK 6/1/0.144”
50 139 256 300
75 273 346 379
BANANA 6/1/3.75
50 143 264 310
75 468 599 664
GRAPE 30/7/2.50
50 228 452 543
75 489 626 695
WOLF 30/7/0.102”
50 236 472 568
75 50 62 67
STEEL 3/12 3/0.104”
50 28 48 55
75 182 229 247
7/2.00
50 102 177 202
75 186 233 252
7/.080"
50 104 180 206
75 256 322 350
7/.104”
50 139 247 285
75 260 328 357
19/.064”
50 142 252 291
COPPER 75 268 339 368
7/2.75
50 146 260 300
75 358 453 495
19/.083”
50 189 346 404
75 360 456 499
7/3.50
50 190 349 407
75 455 578 635
19/.101”
50 234 439 518
75 495 630 694

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CONDUCTOR SUMMER WINTER WINTER
MATERIAL TYPE STRANDING TEMP (°C) DAY (A) DAY (A) NIGHT (A)

19/2.75 50 251 478 566


75 537 684 755
37/.083”
50 270 518 616
75 550 702 774
19/3.00
50 275 531 632

TABLE 17. BARE MAINS CONDUCTOR ATTRIBUTES

Notes:
 Shaded values (75°C) are for new lines. Ratings at 50°C are for older lines.
Ratings are calculated for conditions shown below:

CONDITION AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY (W/M2)


Summer Day 35 1000
Winter Day 15 850
Winter Night 10 0
TABLE 18. BARE MAINS CONDUCTOR CONDITIONS

Notes:
 Wind speed 1m/s normal to conductor, Emissivity of conductor: 0.5, Solar absorption
coefficient: 0.5
9.2.1.2 Covered conductors

CURRENT RATING (A)


DC
NOM.
CONDUCTOR CSA RESISTANCE SUMMER WINTER
MATERIAL
NAME @20ºC (Ω/KM) DAY NIGHT
(MM2)
CCT CCT40 41.6 0.713 190 253
(AAA
CCT80 77.3 0.383 280 375
C
1120) CCT180 182.80 0.163 470 648
TABLE 19. INSULATED MAINS CABLES ATTRIBUTES

Notes:
 Conductor operating temperature 80°C for insulated cables, 40°C ambient, Wind speed
1.0m/s
9.2.1.3 Low voltage mains/ service cables:

MATERIAL SUMMER WINTER


CONDUCTOR
DAY (A) NIGHT (A)
XLPE (Cross-linked LV ABC 25mm2 2CTW 110 130
polyethylene)
insulated, Aluminium LV ABC 25mm2 4CTW 105 120
conductors
LV ABC 95mm2 4CTW 235 290

LV ABC 150mm2 4CTW 305 390

TABLE 20. LV SERVICES CABLES:

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Notes:
 150mm2 LV ABC is used for commercial/industrial service lines with max conductor
temperature 75°C.
 Values are rounded to nearest 1A for values below 100, rounded to nearest 5A for values above
100.
Environmental Conditions:

AMBIENT SOLAR RADIATION


CONDITION TEMPERATURE WIND VELOCITY (M/S)
(°C) INTENSITY (W/M2)

Summer Day 35 1000 1.0


Winter Night 10 0 0.0
TABLE 21. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:

Note: There are number of two-phase connections in ACT; in such cases blue phase is doubled up with neutral on
a 4-core service.
9.2.2 Mechanical properties
9.2.2.1 Bare mains
STRANDS NOM. NOM. MODULUS LINEAR
(NO./DIA.) CABLE BREAKING OF EXPANSION
CONDUCTOR CSA DIAMETER LOAD / UTS MASS ELASTICITY COEFFICIEN
MATERIAL Metric Imperial
NAME (MM2) (MM) (KN) (KG/M) (GPA) T (/ºC X 10-6)
(mm) (inches)
MERCURY 7/4.50 111.30 13.50 16.80 0.305 56 23
AAC (1350) NEPTUNE 19/3.25 157.60 16.25 24.70 0.433 56 23
WASP 7/0.173 106.19 13.18 16.46 0.290 59 23
APPLE 6/1/3.00 49.50 9.00 14.90 0.171 79 19.3
BANANA 6/1/3.75 77.31 11.30 22.70 0.268 79 19.3
6/4.75+7
CHERRY 120.40 14.30 33.20 0.404 76 19.9
/1.60
ACSR/GZ RAISIN 3/4/2.50 34.36 7.50 24.40 0.195 39 19.3
FERRET 6/1/.118 49.4 9.0 14.74 0.171 86 19.3
6/.186+7
DOG 118.5 14.15 32.5 0.396 83 19.9
/.062
WOLF 30/7/.102 194.9 18.13 69.2 0.732 80 18.4
3/.104
16.77 5.1 21.85 0.130 93 11.5
(3/12)
Steel Arial M6 3/2.75 17.82 5.93 22.20 0.139 93 11.5
SC/GZ
(Steel 7/2.00 21.99 6.00 27.40 0.177 93 11.5
– 7/.104
Galv.) 38.70 7.92 50.83 0.304 93 11.5
(7/12)
7/2.75 41.58 8.25 51.80 0.326 93 11.5
Steel Stay M10 7/3.25 58.07 9.75 72.30 0.460 11.5
Steel Stay M14 19/2.75 112.9 13.8 133 0.894 11.5
Steel wire
7/7/1.34 75 12 81.2 0.553 11.5
Rope M12
HDC 7/1.00 5.5 3 2.31 0.049 18 17
(Hard
7/1.25 8.59 3.75 3.61 0.769 18 17
Drawn
Copper) HDBC 17 7/1.75 16.84 5.25 6.89 0.151 18 17

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STRANDS NOM. NOM. MODULUS LINEAR
(NO./DIA.) CABLE BREAKING OF EXPANSION
CONDUCTOR CSA DIAMETER LOAD / UTS MASS ELASTICITY COEFFICIEN
MATERIAL Metric Imperial
NAME (MM2) (MM) (KN) (KG/M) (GPA) T (/ºC X 10-6)
(mm) (inches)
HDBC 22 7/2.00 21.99 6 9.02 0.197 18 17
HDBC 42 7/2.75 41.58 8.25 16.7 0.373 18 17
19/1.75 45.7 8.75 18.3 0.413 16 17
19/2.00 59.69 10 23.9 0.538 16 17
7/3.50 67.35 10.5 26.6 0.603 18 17
37/1.75 89 12.3 35.6 0.806 15 17
19/2.75 112.9 13.8 44.5 1.020 16 17
19/3.00 134.3 15 52.8 1.210 16 17
37/2.50 181.6 17.5 72.9 1.640 15 17
37/2.75 219.8 19.3 86.6 1.990 15 17
7/.064
14.5 4.87 6.1 0.131 24 17
(7/16)
7/.080
22.7 6.09 9.45 0.206 24 17
(7/14)
7/.104
38.4 7.92 15.78 0.348 24 17
(7/12)
19/.064
39.4 8.12 16.2 0.357 24 17
(19/16)
19/.083
66.3 10.54 26.97 0.603 24 17
(19/14)
19/.101
98.2 12.8 39.64 0.890 24 17
(19/12)
19/.116 129.6 14.73 51.72 1.175 24 17
37/.083
129.1 14.75 51.5 1.170 24 17
(37/14)

TABLE 22. BARE MAINS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES


Notes:
 Conductors other than current preferred sizes are included for reference purposes.
 Conductor data is generally in accordance with Australian Standards and may differ slightly.
9.2.2.2 LV ABC and CCT cables
NOM. NOM. MODULUS LINEAR
CABLE BREAKING OF EXPANSION
CONDUCTOR CSA DIAMETER LOAD / UTS MASS ELASTICITY COEFFICIENT
MATERIAL NAME (MM2) (KG/M)
(MM) (KN) (GPA) (/ºC X 10-6)

CCT40 41.6 15.6 9.9 0.25 65 23


CCT
(AAAC 1120 / CCT80 77.3 18.6 17.6 0.4 65 23
3.4mm XLPE)
CCT180 182.80 24.90 41.70 0.78 65 23

LV ABC LV ABC95 (4C) 4 x 95 38.40 53.20 1.35 56 23


(AAC / XLPE) LV ABC150 (4C) 4 x 150 45.60 84.00 2.02 56 23

TABLE 23. LV ABC AND CCT CABLE’S MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

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9.2.2.3 Broadband communications cables
NOM.
CSA NOM. MODULUS LINEAR
BREAKING
CABLE OF EXPANSION
CONDUCTOR CATENARY LOAD / MASS
NETWORK DIAMETER ELASTICITY COEFFICIENT
UTS
NAME (MM2)
(MM) (KG/M) (GPA) (/ºC X 10-6)
(KN)

Catenary 23.1 6.15 28.75 0.176 170 11.52


Telstra
Catenary + 1 Coax 23.1 18.85 28.75 0.324 170 11.52
Catenary 30 7.0 37.35 0.18 193 11.52
Optus
Catenary + 1 Coax 30 24.5 37.35 0.361 193 11.52

TransACT 1
7/2.00mm SC/GZ
Catenary 21.99 6 27.4 0.177 193 11.52

TransACT 1
7/2.00mm SC/GZ
Catenary 21.99 6 27.4 0.177 193 11.52

Catenary + Green
bundle 21.99 35 27.4 0.677 193 11.52

Catenary + Red
bundle 21.99 40 27.4 0.847 193 11.52

Catenary + Black
bundle 21.99 45 27.4 1.062 193 11.52
6/1/3.75mm ACSR
TransACT 2
Catenary 77.31 11.3 22.8 0.268 79 19.3

Catenary + Green
bundle 77.31 35 22.8 0.715 79 19.3

Catenary + Red
bundle 77.31 40 22.8 0.885 79 19.3

Catenary + Black
bundle 77.31 45 22.8 1.1 79 19.3

TABLE 24. BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS CABLES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

9.2.3 Engineering notes


9.2.3.1 Conductor materials
Whilst copper has the lowest resistivity it is now being replaced by aluminium in most applications due to cost.
Bare copper was previously used for distribution lines but is now being replaced by Aluminium. Copper is
heavier than Aluminium, so it sags more.
There are number of Aluminium alloys that have been used in Australia. They include 1350, 1120 and 6201.
1350 is virtually pure Aluminium and is manufactured in a range of conductors known as AAC (All Aluminium
Conductor). 1350 has the lowest resistance of all the alloys but also has the lowest strength. As strength is not
important for distribution with short spans, 1350 is the best conductor for urban distribution. 1120 and 6201 are
alloys of Aluminium that have higher resistance but also higher strength. Consequently, these alloys are used
for rural distribution, sub-transmission, and transmission where strength is important to reduce sag on longer
spans. AAC 6201 is no longer manufactured in Australia but was used for some of the early transmission lines
e.g. in the Snowy Mountains and Hamersley Iron.
ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced) has a galvanised steel core with outer layers of
Aluminium. The steel core provides strength, and the outer Aluminium provides conductivity. This
conductor is very strong, so it has low sag for long spans and is used for rural distribution, sub-
transmission, and transmission.

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SC/GZ (Steel Conductor Galvanised) is high strength but with high resistance. Consequently, it is used for
rural distribution. SC/GZ is also used for stay wires on highly loaded poles.
9.2.3.2 Conductor designations
Conductors can be identified by their material, e.g. AAC and stranding e.g. 7/4.5 which means 7 strands of
4.5 mm diameter, or by a unique name e.g. Mercury. Different sizes of conductor made of the same material
and often named in a series e.g. Australian AAC series are named after planets and Imperial AAC series are
named after insects. Australian ACSR series are named after fruit and the Imperial ACSR series are named
after animals.
For conductors made up of the same size strand, each layer has six more strands than the previous layer. All
conductors start as one central king wire, the first layer has 6 strands, the second layer has 12 strands, the third
layer has 18 strands and so on. Consequently, the overall diameter can be calculated as follows: -
 7 strands are 3 times the diameter of a single strand
 19 strands are 5 times the diameter of a single strand
 37 strands are 7 times the diameter of a single strand
9.2.3.3 Insulated/ Covered conductor
Insulated/covered conductors are used in the following areas to prevent flashover:
 Occasional contact with nearby vegetation
 High incidence of animal contact
 Bushfire prone requiring prevention of clashing
Insulated conductors have a metallic screen (e.g. HV cables used in UG/OH or HV dropper leads for Tx )
while covered conductor (e.g. HV CCT) does not. Consequently, covered conductor is not considered touch
safe.
9.2.3.4 Conductor ageing and thermal effects
Corrosion can reduce the effective cross section of conductors causing loss of strength and increased sag.
Different materials have different corrosion susceptibility, and this must be considered for industrial and marine
pollution. This is not expected to be a problem in the relatively clean environment of the ACT for the standard
conductors used.
If conductors are run at elevated temperatures they can be annealed when they cool down, losing strength and
increasing sag. Annealing effects are cumulative so the effects of overloads over time may cause excessive sag
and loss of Statutory ground clearance. Consequently, conductor maximum temperatures must be limited to
prevent excessive annealing over the life of the overhead line. To limit loss of strength to 3% for 1000hours
operation, bare Copper and Aluminium alloys should be limited to 100ºC maximum continuous operating
temperature.
For transient fault currents, the maximum temperature of common conductor materials should be limited
to the following temperatures: -
 200 ºC for bare Copper, 160 ºC for Aluminium alloys, on the basis of annealing as these
materials lose 10% strength at 220 ºC and 210 ºC, respectively.
 400 ºC of SC/GZ as Zinc melts at 420 ºC.
For LV ABC/covered conductors the maximum continuous operating temperature is limited by the polymeric
material to 80ºC. Insulated service lines are limited to 75 ºC due to the insulation.
9.2.3.5 Continuous current rating
The continuous thermal rating is calculated based on a steady state energy balance. In steady state, the
conductor temperature is constant, and the heat input is matched by the heat lost. Heating sources are direct and
indirect (reflected from the ground), solar radiation and joule heating (i.e. I2R). Heat is lost by convection and
radiation from the conductor surface. (Note that heat can also be lost

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by evaporation of rainwater, but this is not usually considered in the calculation.) Reference 7 explains all
aspects of conductor thermal rating.
The steady state thermal current rating of a conductor can also be interpreted as the maximum current
inducing the maximum steady state temperature for a given ambient condition. The heat balance equation can
be represented mathematically as: -
 Pj + Ps = Pr+ Pc
Where the heat gain terms are Pj which is the joule heating due to the resistance of the conductor and Ps is the
solar heat gain. The heat loss terms are Pc which is natural and forced convection cooling and Pr is the radiation
cooling. Note that joule heating is I2 R, and the above equation is solved for current.
Following figure shows the heating and cooling effects on a conductor:

FIGURE 4. HEATING AND COOLING EFFECTS ON A CONDUCTOR

Typically, weather data is analysed to determine an ambient temperature/wind speed pair of values that have a
low probability of being exceeded. The dominant parameter is wind speed. The traditional wind speed used was
2 ft/second (i.e. 0.6 m/s). Generally, wind speeds in the range 0.5 to 1 m/s are used. In the past, low maximum
operating temperatures such as 49ºC have been used resulting in negligible rating in summer. A high maximum
operating temperature needs to be used (e.g. greater

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than 60ºC) otherwise there is insufficient temperature rise to provide adequate current rating in summer.
9.2.3.6 Fault current rating
Fault ratings are calculated based on adiabatic heating. It is assumed that no heat is lost or gained during the
short period of the fault. All the fault energy (i.e. Joule heating I2R) goes into raising the temperature of the
conductor and no heat is lost by convection, nor radiation from the surface.
9.2.3.7 Voltage drop
Voltage drop along conductors due to load current must be checked to ensure it is within allowable range.
Refer to Clause 5.7. In certain situations, current flow direction can reverse e.g. due to photovoltaics and other
power sources. Voltage drop is due to current flow through not only resistance but also the reactance of
conductors.
9.2.3.8 Typical conductor maximum temperatures
Maximum operating temperature is a function of the acceptable level of tensile strength of the conductor. The
loss of tensile strength results to increase the sag. Typical conductor types and maximum operating and short
circuit temperatures are given in the AS7000 Table AA4.

9.3 Conductor stringing


9.3.1 Conductor stringing tensions
Typical stringing tensions are provided as a percentage of conductor calculated breaking load at design
temperature of 15ºC.
9.3.1.1 AAC

SPAN LENGTH DESIGN TENSION


APPLICATION
(M) (%CBL)
10-30 Slack 2.5
30-80 Urban 5
50-120 Semi-urban 10
100-170 Rural 20
TABLE 25. AAC

9.3.1.2 ACSR

SPAN LENGTH (M) APPLICATION DESIGN TENSION (%CBL)

150-300 Rural 22
TABLE 26. ACSR

9.3.1.3 LV ABC

SPAN LENGTH (M) APPLICATION DESIGN TENSION (%CBL)

10-30 Slack 2.5


30-80 Urban 5
50-120 Semi-urban 10
TABLE 27. LV ABC

Note: AAC span, and tensions can also be applied to LV service lines.

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9.3.2 Stringing tensions limits
Conductor tension should be limited to prevent fatigue failures at attachment points. Recommended maximum
values are given in AS/NZS7000 Appendix Y, Table Y1, Conductor Everyday Load Horizontal Tension.
Tensions in Table Y1 are based on the average temperature of the coldest month as this is when the tension
will be highest. High tension reduces self-damping of the conductor and may allow excessive bending stress at
attachment points due to Aeolian vibration. Aeolian vibration occurs when low speed laminar wind flows
perpendicular to the conductor causing low amplitude (typically one or two diameters) vibration.
The maximum allowable tension is a function of the material in the conductor, the type of clamps and terrain.
For example AAC conductor base tension limit is 18% CBL. This increases to 20.5% with helical formed ties
with armour rods. If fully damped as well then, the tension limit increases to 27%CBL.
9.3.3 Creep allowance
Conductor creep allowances to be applied:
 No allowance ≤10%CBL stringing tension
 Subtract 15ºC for AAC >10%CBL stringing tension
 Subtract 12ºC ACSR >10%CBL stringing tension.
9.3.4 Engineering notes
9.3.4.1 Mean equivalent span
The mean equivalent span (MES), also known as the equivalent span or the ruling span (RS), is defined as that
level dead-end span whose tension behaves identically to the tension in every span of a series of suspension
spans under the same loading conditions. Every 1km or less a strain structure should be installed. The ruling
span concept can only model a uniformly loaded section, that is, where identical wind and/or ice span exists on
all spans in the section.
It is assumed that the attachment point is free to move along the line and there is adequate travel to equalize the
tension in adjacent spans without transferring any longitudinal load onto the structure. In general, spans shorter
than the ruling span tend to sag more than predicted whilst spans longer than the ruling span sag less than
predicted at temperatures above the stringing temperature (assuming that the tensions were equal at the time of
stringing conductor).

9.4 Line deviation limitations


Approved standard constructions are limited by line deviation. This section outlines the maximum line
deviation that relates to standard constructions.
Line deviation is the angle to which the conductors of a circuit can deviate on a single structure
measured in degrees.
9.4.1.1 Maximum LV ABC line deviation

CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE


DESCRIPTION TYPE LINE DEVIATION
Inline or single suspension D202-0036 25°
Double suspension or Yoke D202-0039 50°
Double termination / strain D202-0040 N/A
TABLE 28. LINE DEVIATION ATTRIBUTES LV ABC

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9.4.1.2 Maximum LV Bare mains line deviation

CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE


DESCRIPTION TYPE LINE DEVIATION
Inline – Top tie D202-0024 3°
Inline- Side tie D202-0024 15°
Double Strain D202-0026 30°
Double termination D202-0029 N/A
TABLE 29. LINE DEVIATION ATTRIBUTES BARE LOW VOLTAGE MAINS

9.4.1.3 Maximum 11kV/ 22kV Bare mains line deviation

CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE


DESCRIPTION TYPE LINE DEVIATION
Inline – Top tie D201-0026 10°
Inline- Side tie D202-0026 15°
Double Strain D201-0027 30°
Double termination D201-0029 N/A
TABLE 30. LINE DEVIATION ATTRIBUTES 11 AND 22KV MAINS

9.5 Conductor stress and fatigue


Fatigue failure of OH line conductors occur exclusively at the points where the conductor is secured to fittings.
Causes of such failures are due to dynamic stress induced by vibration, combined with high static stress.
Designers should allow for the installation of vibration dampers, preform ties over armour rods must be
considered for HV overhead lines.

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10. POLES
10.1Pole selection
10.1.1 Low voltage structures
The low voltage overhead network is typically located on leased land and is often not readily accessible.
Due to restricted access and the 2003 bush fires, timber poles are not installed in backyards. Composite
fibre poles are preferred in backyards. Concrete is used for higher loads, where there is good access and
also in fire prone areas.
Concrete poles should not be installed in backyards due to the conductive properties of the structures.
For LV distribution lines, 9.5m long poles are typically specified. 11m long poles are used where
additional ground or inter-circuit clearance is required.
The noted unit assemblies detail the pole specification including hole placements. Note concrete poles and
composite fibre poles must not be drilled, should items need to be fit in locations to which holes are not
provided, pole bands maybe utilised.
10.1.2 Medium voltage structures (11/22kV)
12.5m long concrete poles are the standard pole height for 22kV and 11kV structures. 14m or 15.5m concrete
poles are used for HV where more clearance is required.
Non-conductive poles maybe specified as required where compliance to the Evoenergy earthing design manual
is not possible with a concrete structure. The use of non-conductive poles are not preferred due to the lower
cost of concrete poles and pole butt width of the approved non-conductive pole.

10.2Pole types
10.2.1 Pole material
Three main material types are used in the manufacturing as below.
 Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) poles
 Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) “Composite” poles
 Fibre Reinforced Cement (FRC) poles
10.2.2 Hole pattern “Type”
Pole description states the word “Type”, where “Type” defines the hole pattern or number of through holes in
the X axis, Y axis, pole steps ferrules, earth ferrules that is uniquely specified in each pole part drawing, for
various purposes.
For example:
 Type 1/1B hole pattern is suitable for LV circuits general assembly (mounting cross arms and
conductors).
 Type 3/3C hole pattern is suitable for transformer mounting, and HV/LV circuits.
 Type 4/4C/4S hole pattern is suitable for HV/LV general assembly and for mounting
switchgear (Recloser, Gas switch, Air break Switch, UG/OH)
Please refer to each pole part drawing for specific hole type details.

10.3Pole rules
If pole tip load increases by more than 1kN then the pole must be inspected, mechanically tested, or replaced.
Generally, service line loads that are slack strung (i.e., less than 2.5%) can be ignored. In
commercial/industrial areas with multiple larger size service lines, the service line loads must be included in
the design.

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There is no need to include wind on cross arms and small accessories as an allowance has been made in the
limit state tip load. However, wind loads on large accessories must be included (i.e. equal to or greater than
100kVA transformers).

10.4Pole–mounted switchgear
For general guidance on selecting an appropriate type of switch for application on the 11 kV and 22 kV
overhead distribution network, refer to Appendix 1.
Refer to table 31 below for data on pole mounted plant that can be used to calculate wind loads.

HORIZONTAL
OFFSET FACE SIDE WEIGHT ATTACHMENT
FROM POLE AXIS AREA AREA HEIGHT
PLANT ITEM (MM) (M2) (M2) (KG) (M)
100kVA TRFR 495 0.892 0.535 765 7.4
100A REG 330 2.106 1.264 1956 -
200kVA TRFR 412 1.029 0.617 1055 7.4
200A REG 330 2.38 1.428 2836 -
315kVA TRFR 439 1.206 0.724 1425 7.7
500kVA TRFR 480 1.243 0.75 1970 7.4
NGK Gas switch 650 0.53 0.81 110 8.7
INSULECT Gas switch 900 0.22 0.32 90 8.7
Schneider Recloser 690 0.43 0.4 128 6.7
Noja Recloser 1200 0.53 0.43 100 8.5
ABB Air Break Switch 0 0.59 0.41 100 10
TABLE 31. POLE MOUNTED PLANT

Notes:
 Rural transformer attachment height is 7.55m from drawing D203-0001
 TRFR is abbreviation for transformer
 REG is abbreviation for regulator
 Horizontal offset from pole axis is the horizontal distance from pole axis for the line of action of the
transformer weight
 Face area is perpendicular to line
 Side area is parallel to line
 NGK Gas switch large side area is due to insulators and arresters
 Weight for ABB Air break switch is approximate

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10.5Constraints on the use of certain poles
Following constraints are applicable to poles and may not be used in certain situation.

TYPE OF THE POLE REASON FOR THE CONSTRAINTS


Steel Poles Not to be installed in the Evoenergy Network in Future, due to its conductive
nature.
Concrete Poles Not to be installed in the residential backyards and used as a utility (LV
pole) due to its conductive nature.
Timber Pole with Creosote Must not to be installed in the Evoenergy Network in Future, due to the oil-
type preservative may cause skin irritation.
Timber Pole with CCA - Must not to be installed in the Evoenergy Network in Future, due potential
Chromated Copper harm to public and personnel due to toxic chemicals used in treatment.
Arsenate
TABLE 32. POLE CONSTRAINTS

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11. FOUNDATION
11.1General
Standard footing details are as per the following Evoenergy drawings.

DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
D204-0014 OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, POLE FOUNDATION,
CONCRETE, FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT POLES
D204-0017 OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, POLE FOUNDATION, 9.5m
COMPOSITE POLES

TABLE 33. POLE FOUNDATION DETAILS

Rule of thumb method of calculating the embedment depth of poles is based on 10% length plus 600mm.
AS/NZS 7000 and SA/SNZ HB331 state the mathematical formula to calculate the embedment depth based on
soil condition, effective width of footing, pole height and pole tip load.

11.2Footing design for directly embedded poles


Pole foundation should be designed based on appropriate engineering soil properties. Where soil test
information is not available, an estimate of soil parameters must be made based on the site conditions, soil
types. Soil parameters provided within this section can be used as a guideline for design. However, it must be
confirmed by inspection during construction that the soil parameters are appropriate.
11.2.1 Serviceability limit state bearing strength (fb)
Below table provide a simple classification of soil types, with bearing strengths based on a degree of firmness
or resistance to indentation.

FIGURE 5. BARING STRENGTHS OF SOIL, AN EXTRACT FROM THE SA/SNZ HB331

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11.2.2 Serviceability limit state shear strength (cu)
The consistency of cohesive soils describes the ease with which the soil can be remoulded.
Consistency is described using the terms below.
In the field, consistency of soil may be assessed either by tactical means, or by measuring the undrained
shear strength by mechanical testing.
The shear strength of soil must be taken as not greater than 0.4fb, where fb is the value obtained from below
figure 6.

FIGURE 6. FIELD GUIDE TO CONSISTENCY FOR COHESIVE SOILS, AN EXTRACT FROM AS7000 TABLE L1

Note;
 Further information on typical soil properties is available on AS/NZS 7000 Table L2 to Table L3.

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11.3Calculation of embedment depth
The embedment depth formular (see equation 2) can be derived by maintaining static equilibrium on the pole
(see figure 7).

FIGURE 7. FORCES ON FOOTINGS AND DIRECT EMBEDMENT FOUNDATION, AN EXTRACT FROM THE SA/SNZ HB331
FIGURE 10.3

EQUATION 2: DIRECT EMBEDMENT CALCULATION, AN EXTRACT FROM THE SA/SNZ HB331 EQUATION 10.3

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11.4Minimum embedment depths for Evoenergy standard poles
APPLICATION & POLE HORIZONT EFFECTIVE SOIL HOLE EMBEDM
HOLE TYPE HEIGHT AL FORCE HEIGHT STRENGTH WIDTH ENT
DEPTH
(m) Hr (kN) hr (m) (kPa) b(m) (m)

LV- TYPE 1/1B 9.5 8 7.65 150 0.6 1.6


LV- TYPE 1 9.5 12 7.25 150 0.6 2.0
LV- TYPE 1 11.0 8 8.95 150 0.6 1.8
HV/LV- TYPE 12.5 8 10.5 150 0.6 2.0
4/4C
HV/LV- TYPE 4 12.5 12 10.2 150 0.6 2.3
HV/LV- TYPE 12.5 8 10.3 150 0.6 2.2
3/3C
HV/LV- TYPE 4S 14.0 8 12.0 150 0.6 2.0
HV/LV- TYPE 4S 15.5 8 13.4 150 0.6 2.1
Sub Transmission 17.0 12 14.6 150 0.75 2.4
Sub Transmission 18.5 12 16.0 150 0.75 2.5
Sub Transmission 20.0 12 17.4 150 0.75 2.6
Sub Transmission 21.4 12 18.7 150 0.75 2.7
TABLE 34. MINIMUM EMBEDMENT DEPTHS FOR EVOENERGY STANDARD POLES

Notes;
 Table 34 has been prepared from the equation 2, (equation 10.3 of the SA/SNZ HB331) for the
standard Evoenergy LV/HV poles. For the standard foundation drawings, see table 33.
 Embedment depth is calculated based on horizontal forces on the tip of the pole (serviceability
strength, Hr), effective height above ground (hr), bearing strength of soil (fb) and effective width of
footing (b).
 Bearing strength of soil (fb) is assumed as 150 (kPa).
 Backfill material must be fine crushed rock (DGB20 road base) and must be compacted in layers
of not exceeding 200mm, for the effective width of footing (b) to be assumed as the hole width.
 The depths include the additional 0.2m to allow for soil shrinkage in the groundline zone.
 Additional moment created by weight of switchgear is considered within the calculated
“Overturning moment action on pole (M)” for Substation Pole “ HV/LV-Type 3/3C” and for
Switchgear Poles “HV/LV-Type 4/4C/4S”.
 Where the bearing strength of soil is “Soft” or “Very soft” (see figure 5), alternative footing design
must be considered to either increase the embedment depth or use a different backfill material to
strengthen the footing such as concrete encasement.

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12. STAYS
12.1General
Free standing poles of higher strength are preferred over poles with stays.
Stays are required when the applied tip load is greater than the serviceability limit of the pole,
recommended embedment depths cannot be achieved, and soil strength is less “firm’’.
Following Stay options are available.
 Conventional ground stay
 Head or aerial stay
 1.2m long sidewalk stay
 2.4m long sidewalk stay

12.2Ground stays
Ground stays are preferred over aerial, and sidewalk/footpath stays. Standard angle is 45° to the ground. Where
space is reduced, maximum angle is 60° to the ground. Note that the tension in the stay increases with angle to
the ground. Stays should be attached to the pole close to the conductor load attachment point. It is preferred that
there are no stays installed in backyards however stays may be installed where footing or tip loadings are
exceeded with the no stay design option or where additional tip loadings require stay installation to allow the
overhead line design to remain compliant
For new lines, poles that are stayed should be rated for half the applied tip load under wind conditions, if
practicable. (This may not be practical on tight strung rural lines.)

12.3Aerial stays
Aerial stays should be installed where the use of a ground stay is not suitable. Aerial stays are often required
where the use of a ground stay would block a thorough fare used by vehicles (e.g. a road or driveway). If the
aerial stay is attached to two Evoenergy structures with energised assets installed the installation of at least two
stay insulators is required.

12.4Sidewalk stays
Sidewalk stays should only be specified where necessary. The sidewalk stay has little ability to effectively
counter horizontal forces applied to the pole structure. For this reason, they should only be specified where
there is very limited space, the resultant conductor load transferred to the pole is small and the installation of a
ground stay is not possible. The 2400mm sidewalk stay strut is preferred over the short 1200mm strut.

12.5Stay wire/ fittings


Standard stay wires and fittings must only be specified for permanent installation of stays. Where required
existing stays maybe repaired or transferred to reinstated ground anchors. For this reason, fittings compatible
with legacy stay wires will remain a stocked item (though the wire will not).

STANDARD STAY WIRE


M12 Braided galvanized steel Minimum calculated breaking load- 81kN
rope Maximum allowable stay tension – 32.4kN
19/2.75 Galvanised steel Minimum calculated breaking load- 133kN
conductor Maximum allowable stay tension – 53.2kN (=133 x 0.4)
TABLE 35. STANDARD STAY WIRE

M12 wire rope is the preferred stay wire. This product is more easily installed and reduces risk of injury to
construction team members. 19/2.75 should be specified only where necessary, this product is heavy and is
hard to bend.

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A serviceability reduction factor of 0.4 has been applied to the minimum calculated breaking loads to allow for
the reduction of product strength observed over a long period. The serviceability factor is appropriate due to the
friction point where the guylok and stay wire connect.
Where appropriate, a strength reduction factor of 0.8 is recommended by the AS7000.
12.5.1 Stay insulator requirements
Stay insulators must be provided to all stays regardless of construction types. The position of the stay insulator
must be so that should the stay lose tension that the stay section connected to pole is electrically separated to the
lower section. The resting/ broken stay wire must have the insulator positioned at least 2700mm above ground
line.
The stay insulator electrical rating must be specified for the greatest circuit voltage on the structure (i.e. a
mixed 11kV and 240V structure must have an insulator of at least 95kV BIL- suited to the 11kV network). The
fixed position of the stay and the network conductors does not limit the need of an insulator to be installed in
the stay.

12.6Standard stay constructions


STANDARD STAY WIRE CONSTRUCTIONS
D204-0008 Standard stay on a concrete or composite pole (19/2.75 SC)
D204-0010 Aerial Stay on concrete or composite pole (19/2.75 SC)
D204-0013 Sidewalk stay on a concrete or composite pole (19/2.75 SC)
D204-0031 Standard ground stay at 45-60 deg; vertical footing, M20 stay rod anchor type,
with M12 steel rope.
D204-0032 Aerial Stay at 13-30 deg; with M12 steel rope.

D204-0033 Sidewalk Stay, Vertical footing, platypus K60 anchor type, with M12 steel rope.

D204-0034 Standard ground stay at 45-60 deg; anchor to ground w/o/ footing, platypus K60
anchor type, with M12 steel rope.
D204-0035 Sidewalk Stay, Vertical footing, M20 stay rod anchor type, with M12 steel rope.

392-2-02 TransACT cables/ stays.


TABLE 36. STANDARDS STAY CONSTRUCTIONS

12.7Foundations/ footing
For both the stays wires options, a vertical footing is recommended with below anchor rods.
 For the M12 SC/GZ stay, a vertical foundation is installed with the “Platypus” anchor which has a
proof load of 35kN. This proof load sets the maximum load on the stay and connections.
 For the M14 19/2.75mm SC/GZ stay, a vertical foundation is installed with the M20 stay rod, square
washer, which has a minimum tensile strength of 95kN. Therefore, for a 45 deg stay, maximum stay
load is set as 67kN.
Following stay footing configurations are available, for the ground stays (45 to 60 deg) and sidewalk stays.

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FOR 19/2.75 SC STAY WIRE M12 STEEL WIRE ROPE

Extract from D204-0031 Extract from D204-0033


VERTICAL FOOTING WITH COMPACT SCALPING VERTICAL FOOTING WITH COMPACT
AND SCALPING AND
A: STAY ROD, M20 X 2500MM LG, GALV, C/W A: STAY, TIGHTER ANCHORS TYPE K60
HEX NUT – 1065725, D104-0043; AND C/W M20 CLEVIS, 3M X M20 GALV
B: SQUARE WASHER, M20, 250 X 250 X 6 THREADED ROD, – 1170865 - D104-0047

Tensile failing load of the anchor rod is 95kN “Platypus” anchor rod is load tested for
35kN

12.8Stay loading consideration


Both the footing strength and stay wire tension must be considered when determining the counter force for the
tip load.

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Preferred installation angle for ground stays is 45º to the horizontal, maximum 60º. For
head, or aerial stays, maximum angle to horizontal is 30º.
The determination of the loadings considers the efficiency of the stay installed at the maximum
allowable tension. The stated kN values are that of the combined total horizontal resultant load applied
to the pole.
The stay must be specified to withstand the calculated resultant horizontal forces applied to
the pole structure. The designer must not consider that the pole structure will share the load. Should the pole
move for any reason (weak footing, wind loading, deflections etc) the full resultant load could be transferred to
the stay assembly.

STAY TYPE Θ F F
M14: 19/2.75 SC/ GZ M12: GZ/SC ROPE (PREFERRED)
(53.2KN MAX STAY TENSION) (32.4KN MAX STAY TENSION)
Aerial 10 52kN 31kN
Ground 45 37.61kN 22.9kN (=81 x 0.4 x cos 45)
Ground 60 26kN 16kN
TABLE 37. STAY LOADING

Notes:
 θ is angle in degrees between stay & horizontal.
 F is horizontal load on pole at stay attachment point in kN.
 Designer must ensure a sufficient stay footing is installed to resist the applied loadings

12.9Ground/aerial stay wire tension


This section assists the designer to select the required stay wire in consideration to the angle which the stay
will be installed and the horizontal resultant force loading at the position where the stay is attached.
12.9.1 Calculation of stay tension
To calculate the tension that will be transferred to the stay wire the designer must consider the:
 Proposed angle that the stay will be installed
 The attachment height of the stay above ground
 And the height above ground where the forces will be applied (typically considered at the tip) Stay
tension is calculated as below:
FStay = (Ftip/Cosθ) x (Htip/Hatt)
Where:
FStay= Stay tension in kN
Ftip= Resultant horizontal loading, applied at tip in kN Θ=
Angle of stay to the ground
Htip= Pole tip height above ground in m
Hatt= Stay attachment height above ground in m

12.10Sidewalk stay wire selection/ tension


This section assists the designer to select the required stay assembly when specifying a sidewalk stay.

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12.10.1 Calculation of stay tension
To calculate the tension that will be transferred to the stay wire the designer must consider the:
 Proposed angle that the stay will be installed
 The angle of the stay to vertical
 The distance from the centre of the pole to the ground anchor
FStay = Ftip x Htip /D x Cosθ (Taking moments around the base of the pole)
Where:
 FStay= Stay tension in kN
 Ftip= Resultant horizontal loading, applied at tip in kN
 Θ= Angle of stay to the vertical plane (measured from the end of the strut to the ground anchor)
 Htip= Pole tip height above ground in m
 D = Distance from ground anchor to centre of pole in m
12.10.2 Maximum pole tip loading
Formular:

 Ft = Fs * D * COS(θ) /H

 D = L + (H-L) * TAN(θ)

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M12 GZ/SC ROPE STAY, CBL OF 81KN WITH 0.4 SF (SAFETY FACTOR)
Fs (kN) 32.4 H (m) 10.5 L (m) 1.2

θ (deg) 5 10 15 20 45*

Ft (kN) 6.2 8.6 11.0 13.3 22.9

D (m) 2.0 2.8 3.7 4.6 10.5

M14 (19/2.75MM) SC/GZ STAY, CBL OF 133KN WITH 0.4 SF


Fs (kN) 53.2 H (m) 10.5 L (m) 1.2

θ (deg) 5 10 15 20 45*

Ft (kN) 10.2 14.2 18.1 21.8 37.6

D (m) 2.0 2.8 3.7 4.6 10.5

M12 GZ/SC ROPE STAY, CBL OF 81KN WITH 0.4 SF


Fs (kN) 32.4 H (m) 10.5 L (m) 2.4

θ (deg) 5 10 15 20 45*

Ft (kN) 9.6 11.6 13.6 15.5 22.9

D (m) 3.1 3.8 4.6 5.3 10.5

M14 (19/2.75MM) SC/GZ STAY, CBL OF 133KN WITH 0.4 SF


Fs (kN) 53.2 H (m) 10.5 L (m) 2.4

θ (deg) 5 10 15 20 45*

Ft (kN) 15.7 19.1 22.4 25.5 37.6

D (m) 3.1 3.8 4.6 5.3 10.5

TABLE 38. POLE TIP LOADING

Note *: The angle 45 deg is included in this calculation table for the cross-reference purposes.

12.11Engineering notes
Stays should be positioned to achieve the most effective use of the stay’s strength. In particular, position stay
on outside of deviation angle so that it bisects the deviation angle. Keep angle between stay and ground in the
range 45° to 60°.
Stay insulators should be positioned such that the stay wire on the structure side of the stay insulator cannot be
accessed from the ground by workers or the general public when intact (minimum 2.4 metres above ground) or
when in a broken stay wire state and also positioned such to maximise the ability to insulate the stay to ground
in the event of a fallen conductor directly onto the stay. Ensure that stay wire insulators have a withstand rating
that exceeds line voltage are installed in stay wires. The stay insulator also prevents leakage currents from
corroding stay anchors.

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13. EARTHING
13.1General
Purpose of an overhead earthing system, earth down leads, grading rings is to ensure that the following
objectives are addressed.
 Protective equipment will operate in a faulted situation,
 For the reliable operation of network (lightning performance online)
 Provide conductive / low resistance path to for the fault current
 Control step and touch potential
 Avoid damages to switchgear and properties For
further details, refer to Section 10 of AS7000

13.2Types of OH earthing (Separate vs CMEN)


The default earthing arrangement for the Evoenergy overhead network is the separately earthed system. In
certain circumstances the CMEN system may be implemented to meet the requirements of the earthing design.
Evoenergy document “Distribution Earthing Design and Construction Manual” describes these two options
for distribution earthing systems. (i.e., Substation)
Selection of the appropriate earthing system is subject to the earthing design and calculations by the network
designer and is not to be implemented in a default manner.
All CMEN connections must be labelled on the pole and the CMEN bond. All CMEN substations must be
updated in ArcFM to ensure visibility in ADMS.

13.3Reference manual
Refer to PO07127: Distribution Earthing Design Manual

13.4Reference standard construction drawings


Refer to the Evoenergy Earthing Standard for earthing requirements of overhead lines.
DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, EARTH STAKE FOR A
D204-0004 CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, HV DEEP EARTH ELECTRODE FOR
D204-0006 A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, ADDITIONAL HV DEEP EARTH
D204-0007 ELECTRODE FOR A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, HV AND LV DEEP EARTH
D204-0012 ELECTRODES, FOR A POLE SUBSTATION ON A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, BURIED GRADING RING FOR
D204-0029 CONDUCTIVE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, HV DEEP EARTH
D204-0037 ELECTRODES, FOR A FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT POLE

TABLE 39. STANDARDS CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

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14. OVERHEAD LINE ACCESSORIES
14.1General
Overhead line accessories must comply with relevant Australian Standards.

RELEVANT AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS RELATING TO THE OVERHEAD COMPONENTS


AS 1154.1 Insulator and conductor fittings for overhead power line

AS 1154.2 Insulator And Conductor Fittings for Overhead Power Lines - Dimensions

Insulator And Conductor Fittings for Overhead Power Lines - Performance and
AS 1154.3
General Requirements for Helical Fittings

AS 3609 Insulators - Porcelain Stay Type - Voltages Greater Than 1000 V AC

Insulators - Porcelain and Glass for Overhead Power Lines - Voltages Greater Than
AS/NZS 2947.2
1000 V AC. - Characteristics
Polymeric Insulators for Indoor and Outdoor Use with A Nominal Voltage > 1000 V
AS 62217
- General Definitions, Test Methods and Acceptance Criteria

TABLE 40. AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS FOR OVERHEAD COMPONENTS

14.2Insulators
Insulator is required to withstand both electrical and mechanical stresses applied to it over the lifetime.
There are three types of overvoltage electrical stress which can occur in overhear powerlines are:
 Lightning induces
 Switching surges, ferroresonance
 Power frequency overvoltage
Mechanical stress includes, Tensile, compressive or cantilever loading from conductor tension and weight.
According to the Australian Bureau of meteorology Canberra typically experiences lighting events as below:

RELEVANT LIGHTNING DATA


Average annual total lightning flash density 5-10 flashes km²/ Year
Average annual ground lightning flash density 1-2 flashes km²/ Year
Average annual thunder days 20-25 days
TABLE 41. LIGHTNING DATA

Over voltages can be damaging to the overhead and underground network assets. Overvoltage stresses
the electrical insulation of the network which may lead to premature failure.
For further details, refer to AS7000 Appendix P “Insulation Guidelines”

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14.3Surge arresters
Surge arrester is used in the overhead network to improve the network reliability and protection of the valuable
assets including below:
 Protect pole substations
 Protect UG/OH, underground to overhead network connections
 Protect covered conductors from failure
 Improve lightning outage rate
 Protect Switchgear i.e., Air Break Switches, Gas Load Break Switches, Vacuum Switches
For the Surge Arresters specified to be used in the Evoenergy network, refer to PO07392 Technical
Specification - 11kV and 22kV Surge Arresters

14.4Cross arms
Standard cross arm material is composite fibre. Application of cross arms: -
 100mm x 100mm x 1.7m for LV intermediate poles. Drawing D104-0003.
 100mm x 100mm x 2m for HV intermediate poles. Drawing D104-0054.
 125mm x 125mm x 2m for HV strain/termination poles. Drawing D104-0031.
 125mm x 125mm x 2.7m for HV recloser links. Drawing D104-0119.
Cross arm strength limits are as follows: -

CROSS ARM LENGTH CANTILEVER LOAD


3
SIZE (MM ) (M) SERVICEABILITY (KN) WIND (KN)
100x100x5 1.7 6.3 15.7
100x100x5 2 5.9 14.7
125x125x6.5 2 11.7 29.3
125x125x6.5 2.7 8.2 20.5
TABLE 42. CROSS ARM STRENGTH LIMITS

Notes:

 Based on Wagner ultimate moment rating of 16.7kN.m for 100x100x5.


 Based on Wagner ultimate moment rating of 33.16kN.m for 125x125x6.5.
 Lever arm for 1.7m cross arm of 0.8m.
 Lever arm for 2m cross arm of 0.85m.
 Lever arm for 2.7m cross arm of 1.212m.
 Strength reduction factor of 0.75 for strength and 0.3 for serviceability.

14.5Conductor attachments and ties


Conductors must be attached or secured using standard approved parts wherever possible. Where a designer is
required to use non-standard methods or materials, they should ensure the components are fit for duty and meet
the required Australian or International standards.
 The use of preformed dead ends (fan grips) should be used for terminating bare overhead
conductors wherever possible.

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 Thimbles must be installed to all overhead conductors when terminating to disc and long rod
insulators.
 Terminating cables to LV shackle insulators and stay insulators need not utilise thimbles.
 Preformed line ties must be installed over Armour rods on all HV inline constructions with line
tension. (Urban/ Rural, except slack spans)
 Hand ties should be installed for 11/22kV bridging as required, where no line tension is
present. (slack)
 Hand ties are required to be installed for all low voltage and 11/22kV copper pin / straight
through constructions.
Evoenergy documents relating to conductor fixing selection and hand ties are tabled below:

CONDUCTOR FIXING REFERENCES


D204-0001 Interface table, cables, and line fitting selection table
D201-0006 SA, Pole top, 11/22kV inline pole top insulator on a concrete pole
D201-0007 SA, Insulator, 11kV pin insulator for a composite crossarm c/w conductor fittings
392-36-01 Hand tie details for HV overhead conductors
392-36-04 Hand tie details for LV overhead conductors & HV overhead bridging conductors
392-36-02 High Voltage overhead conductor top tie application
392-36-03 High Voltage overhead conductor side tie application
TABLE 43. CONDUCTOR ATTACHMENT REFERENCES

14.6Armour rods and preformed ties


Preformed line ties must be installed over the armour rods, for all 11/22kV inline constructions (pole top
insulators and cross arm pin insulators), for SC/GZ, AAC and ACSR conductors.
For standard constructions refer to D201-0006 and D201-0007. For interface parts selection of Armour
rods and Ties, refer to D204-0001.

14.7Vibration dampers
Designers should allow for the installation of dampers to reduce the risk of asset damage due to aeolian
vibration where required. Aeolian vibration occurs when wind passes over the conductor, which creates
vortices (eddies) on the back side of the conductor.
Spiral vibration dampers (SVD) must be installed at each end of the span in the following
circumstances:
 In rural areas
 Where the spans exceed 100m.
 Where conductor tension exceeds 10%
 Where the spans exceed 240m, two SVDs are required at each end of the span.
Refer to drawing D204-0001 and 3810-001 for spiral vibration damper selection and installation details.

14.8Low voltage spreaders


Low voltage spreaders must be specified and installed on bare low voltage mains in accordance with the
documents outlined below:

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LOW VOLTAGE SPREADER- NETWORK REQUIREMENTS
3812-001 Criteria for the use of LV spreaders

D204-0001 Conductor fittings, deadends, splices, armour rods, ties, SVDs, guyloks, clevis
thimbles and spreader rods

TABLE 44. LV SPREADERS

14.9Aerial markers
There are two situations where aerial markers are required: -
 Two poles back on a distribution line either side prior to the line traversing a transmission line.
 Helicopter pads, airstrips and when the ground clearance or conductor length exceeds AS3891
requirements e.g. deep valleys.
Where there is potential for aircraft strike to longer spans in deep valleys, markers are required. E.g. rural
lines subject to helicopter patrols.
For air navigation overcrossing marker installation rules refer to drawing 392-41-20.
Permanent design marking of overhead conductors and their supporting structures should be undertaken in
accordance with AS 3891.1-2008: Air navigation - Cables and their supporting structures - Marking and safety
requirements - Permanent marking of overhead cables and their supporting structures for other than planned
low-level flying. This is generally a design requirement around airports and helicopter landing strip or where
conductors traverse a valley and heights above the tree canopy. Where low-level flying is undertaken e.g. line
patrols, then AS3891.2 should also be used.

14.10Temporary visual indicators


The Purpose of the Visual indicators are for the safety when working on or near the overhead power lines.
14.10.1 Overhead mains (LV) line covers
Line Covers (Tiger tails) shall be installed on all four (4) Low Voltage bare conductors. A pole tip calculation is
required to ensure safe workload of poles in not exceeded due to the extra weight of the Line covers (tiger tails).
Line Covers (Tiger tails) must pass the worksite by a minimum distance of 5 metres beyond either side of
the worksite.
Where Line covers are too long to completely cover length of the span of conductor, they may be doubled up
over each other to cover a conductor, where gaps are present close to cross arms conductor shall be covered
with insulating mats.
Line Cover (Tiger Tail) Specifications:

14.10.2 Overhead Powerlines (MV) indicator flags


Indicator Flags to be installed on Medium Voltage Overhead powerlines are to be staggered at no greater
than 5 meters apart. (As per figure 8) A consideration will be taken into account of what work is being
conducted and the spacing shall be decreased, if required due to a risk assessment conducted on the worksite.

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FIGURE 8. SPACING OF INDICATOR FLAGS

14.10.3 Service line (LV) line covers

FIGURE 9. TIGER TAILS

Install insulated matting and ‘tiger tails’ at the point of attachment and over the overhead service lines before the
work commences.

14.11Non-standard insulators and fittings


From time to time a designer may need to specify non-standard conductor fittings for a particular project. An
example of such an occurrence could be the need to utilise a non-standard conductor to achieve a design
which optimises value. The use of non-standard fitting should be avoided unless necessary. Amongst other
issues placing a non-standard solution to the network may have issues in the future should maintenance or
repair of the asset be required.
The designer is required to ensure the considerations and requirements of this section are observed.
14.11.1 Risk assessment
Before any non-standard product may be utilised on a project the designer must conduct a risk assessment. The
risk assessment must be conducted in accordance with current risk management and procurement procedures.
The risk assessment must consider the risks that may result for the entire life cycle of the product. As required
the designer may need to catalogue spare parts that relate to the product for future repair and maintenance tasks.
14.11.2 Strength reduction factors
Strength and serviceability reduction factors must be applied and considered in the design. AS/NZS 7000
outlines the typical safety reduction factors that should be considered when designing or specifying overhead
lines. In some instances, strength and serviceability reduction factors must be applied. Serviceability factors are
applied to ensure the product remains in a serviceable state. Some products may be limited by attributes other
than strength (i.e. deflection in composite fibre poles).
Where a strength reduction factor is not identified in AS/NZS7000 the designer should consult a subject
matter expert to discuss an applicable factor.
The materials listed below must have the assigned strength/serviceability factors applied which is not outlined
in AS/NZS 7000 Where these reduction factors are not applied a risk assessment and formal determination of
suitability conducted by a subject matter expert must be completed.
Due to an observed failure- A serviceability reduction factor of 0.4 must be applied to the calculated breaking
load / minimum breaking load (CBL/ MBL). The serviceability factor is appropriate because of friction at the
guylok interface.

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15. SWITCHGEAR
15.1General
This section provides general guidance to the designers and other relevant personnel on the application of
switches on the overhead 11 kV and 22 kV network.
The following principles should be applied when selecting an appropriate type of switch for application on a
distribution overhead feeder.
Generally, the switching devices to be used on the overhead distribution network will have switching
functionality as stated below. However, each design and application should be consistent with switch capability
and therefore needs to be confirmed by reference to the detailed switch specification.
Any switch that will be installed as a normally open point must be specified in consultation with the Planning
group.
Switchgear must comply with PO07399 - Technical Specification – Overhead Switchgear.

15.2Three phase air-break switch (air)


Load break and make capacity of air-break switches is limited to the switch specification. Generally, these
switches DO NOT have fault make or fault break functionality. Gas switches are preferred as the air-break
switches require regular maintenance have a lower making and breaking capacity.
Air break switches must not be installed in bushfire prone

15.3Three phase gas switch (SF6)


Typical operational functionality: load break, load make, fault make.
Note: Any make/break capacity is limited by the switch specification. Generally, these switches DO NOT
have fault break capacity.

15.4Three phase reclosers (vacuum)


Typical operational functionality: load break, load make, fault make, fault break.
Reclosers, if necessary, can be set for multiple fault break/fault make operation. (i.e. typically two or three
attempts to clear the fault. Most recloser switches have provisions for remote operation or monitoring.
Currently reclosers (specifically the NOJA recloser) maybe used where remote operation is required on the
network. The necessity for a switch to have remote operation capabilities must be confirmed with the network
planning group.
15.4.1 Recloser configuration
The below requirements must be considered when specifying the installation of a recloser to the network.
Reclosers do not provide a visible break for the purpose of network isolation and access. A visible break is
required and can be achieved by:
4. Isolating links or air-break switch on an adjacent pole
5. Installing the recloser with inline isolating links
If a visible break can be achieved by existing switchgear on an adjacent pole, a recloser without isolating links
may be installed, see D201-0040.
If the recloser is to be installed in a bushfire prone area, a recloser without inline isolating links MUST be
used, see D201-0040.
If a visible break is unable to be achieved by switchgear on an adjacent pole, and the installation is not in a
bushfire prone area, a recloser with isolating links must be installed, see D201-0042.

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DRAWING BRIEF APPLICATION CONDITIONS
NUMBER DESCRIPTION

D201-0040 Recloser without  In a bushfire prone area only; or


inline isolating links  When an isolating links or air-break switch on an
adjacent pole to achieve a “visible break”.
D201-0042 Recloser with inline  When a “visible break” is unable to be achieved by
isolating links switchgear on an adjacent pole; and
 the installation is not in a bushfire prone area
TABLE 45. RECLOSER APPLICATION CONDITION SUMMARY

15.5Switch selection considerations


Warning - Application of switches which is not consistent with their intended use or specification creates a
safety hazard.
The following principles should be applied when installing a new switch, or replacing an existing
switching device, on the overhead distribution network.
 Each switching device needs to be applied consistently with the intended use and
manufacturer’s specifications
 Mandatory consultation with system control personnel (Control Room Manager) and system planning
personnel (Primary Assets Manager) for all design projects is required to determine
 Whether the switch is required in the specific location
 If the switch is essential, what functionality of the switch is required (i.e. what type of switch)
In case of existing switch replacements, if there is no need for the switching device in the specific location,
remove the device from the network rather than replace. Generally, the switch selection is based on
economic, operational and safety factors. From a cost perspective, the preference for the switching devices is
as follows:
 First preference: Air-break switch
 Second preference: Gas switch
 Third preference: Recloser
From an operational perspective, installation of a device other than an air-break switch can be applied in the
following circumstances:
 Locations which require frequent operations of a switching device
 Frequented and special locations (e.g. next to schools etc)
 Feeder open points, on long feeders, located far away from a zone substation
From an operational perspective, air break switches should NOT be used in the following situations:
 Locations which are prone to ferroresonance may require a gas switch
 In rural areas, BAZ and other fire prone areas
 On 11 kV feeders at points which interface 132 kV and 66 kV bulk supply networks
 11 kV or 22 kV links which have to be replaced should only be replaced with a suitably
selected three phase switching device where there is a technical need, such as ferroresonance
 Reclosers should be installed in locations where they can be justified by an improvement in reliability
(e.g., through Service Target Performance Incentive Scheme or sectionalise poorly performing
sections of a feeder etc)

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 For gas switches and reclosers, remote operation/monitoring should be installed only if the additional
cost can be justified (e.g. through Service Target Incentive Scheme, savings in cost and switching time
etc)
 The above principles provide general guidance. However, in specific circumstances a departure
from the above principles may be justified. Additional information and guidance should be sought
from the Standards Section

15.6Site attributes for overhead switch devices


15.6.1 Site access
The designer must as so far as reasonably practicable ensure that the switching device is installed on the network
where it may be accessed safely. Site selection should prioritise the switcher’s safety by:
 Ensuring that devices that require a switcher to climb are accessible by an elevated work platform
 That there is sufficient space within close proximity of the device for a team member to park safely
 Clear pedestrian access- i.e., a switcher is not required to climb steep embankments or climb over
obstacles to access the site
15.6.2 Traffic considerations
When specifying the location of switching device the designer must consider the vehicular traffic hazard that
will pass the worksite. Team members accessing the site for operational purposes (to operate the device only)
should not require full traffic management to undertake the switching operation. This work is considered
intermittent work in accordance with AS1742.3-(2009) Manual of uniform traffic control devices- part 3
Traffic control for works on roads. The switcher must be able to park a vehicle safely within proximity of
the device.
Where the switching device is located within 6m of the road edge or kerb the designer should propose a
network location considering requirements outlined in AS1742.3 (2009) Cl 4.4.2 and Cl 4.4.4 in relation to
intermittent work. If a switching task is unable to be conducted at the site as intermittent works another site
should be selected or permanent engineering controls be installed at the work site to allow safe access. It is not
appropriate to locate switching devices where traffic control would need to be instated for a simple switching
operation (task taking less than 20 minutes).
Where workers can attend site & park outside of live traffic lane (inc. any cycling lane) with following
attributes the location maybe suitable without the need for traffic control for switching operations:
 Speed limits of less than 50km/hr and ability to park outside of a live traffic lane
o Minimum sight distance of 50m
 Speed limits greater than 90km/hr and ability to park on verge or median
o Greater than 1.2m of clearance from any traffic lane from where a worker may stand
(including accessing and egressing vehicles)
o The area that the switcher will be standing to operate the device is greater than 3m clear of
any live traffic lane.
o Approach speed of 90km/hr- minimum sight distance 540m (NSW RMS 18.898)
o Approach speed of 100 km/hr – minimum sight distance of 600m (NSW RMS 18.898)
15.6.3 Control enclosure location.
As required the designer must specify the location of the control enclosure for each site. Wherever possible the
control enclosure should be placed on the opposite side of the pole to the direction of the nearest live traffic
lane. This requirement will position the switcher to face oncoming traffic when accessing the enclosure. The
switcher should never be placed with their back facing the nearest live traffic lane. The designer must also
ensure that an extension ladder is able to be installed on the site with the top of the ladder resting below the
control enclosure on relatively level ground.

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VERSION CONTROL
VERSION DETAILS APPROVED

1.0 Initial Document Santanu Chaudhuri, Wayne Cleland


23/03/2015

2.0 Wayne Cleland 09/04/2015

3.0 Version 3 Wahid Ibrahim, Jasmina


Formatting Document Atanasievska 8/09/2015

4.0 Rebranding to EVO Energy Wahid Ibrahim 16/01/2018

4.1 Minor Update N. Azizi; W. Cleland; 15 Oct 2020

5.0 Major Document Review by B. North & M. N. Azizi; W. Cleland; 19/05/2023


Senanayake

5.1 Minor updates to sections 4.1, 4.11, 4.12, 9.2, N. Azizi; W. Cleland; 21/11/2023
9.5, 10.2, 11, 13.2, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7 and 15.4.
by M. Senanayake, J. Primmer.

DOCUMENT CONTROL
DOCUMENT OWNER DOCUMENT CUSTODIAN PUBLISH DATE REVIEW DATE

Group Manager, Strategy Principal Engineer Standards 30/11/2023 30/11/2025


and Operations and Specifications

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APPENDIX A – O/H NETWORK LEGACY DRAWINGS

DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-2-00 POLE GUY CONNECTION DETAILS FOR WOOD POLES
392-2-01 POLE STAY DETAILS FOR CONCRETE AND TIMBER POLES
392-2-02 POLE STAY CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSACT WORK
392-2-03 POLE GUY CONNECTION DETAILS PLATIPUS STAY FOR CONCRETE POLES
392-2-04 SIDEWALK STAY ASSEMBLY
392-36-01 HAND TIE DETAILS FOR OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS (CURRENT DRAWING)
392-36-02 HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR TOP TIE APPLICATION
392-36-03 HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR SIDE TIE APPLICATION
392-36-04 HAND TIE DETAILS FOR LV OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND HV OVERHEAD
BRIDGING
392-36-05 CONDUCTOR TO INSULATOR TIES APPLICATION SELECTION
392-41-00 11KV WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-01 11KV ANGLE POLE ‘S’ STRAP ASSEMBLY
392-41-02 11KV DOUBLE TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-03 11KV INLINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 90 TAKE OFF
392-41-04 11KV DOUBLE STRAIN WITH LINKS ON WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-05 11KV & LV INLINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-06 11KV DOUBLE STRAIN WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH LV ‘S’ STRAP
392-41-07 11KV & LV DOUBLE TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-08 11KV LINK WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH LV THROUGH LINE ASSEMBLY
392-41-09 11KV DOUBLE TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-10 11KV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-11 11KV CONCRETE POLE WITH DOUBLE STRAIN LINK ASSEMBLY
392-41-12 11KV CONCRETE ANGLE POLE WITH ‘S’ STRAP ASSEMBLY
392-41-13 11KV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 90 DEGREE TAKEOFF
392-41-14 11KV TWIN CIRCUIT INTERMEDIATE WOOD POLE
392-41-15 11KV TERMINAL WOOD POLE VERTICAL ARRANGEMENT
392-41-16 11KV TWIN CIRCUIT SINGLE TERMINATION WOOD POLE
392-41-17 11KV TWIN CIRCUIT STRAIN WOOD POLE
392-41-18 BIRD FLASHOVER/ BUSHFIRE MITIGATION CONSTRUCTION 11KV CONCRETE
POLE
392-41-20 AIR NAVIGATION OVERCROSSING MARKER ASSEMBLY
392-41-21 NULEC RECLOSER WOOD POLE MOUNTED WITH LV EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLY

392-41-22 TYPICAL NULEC RECLOSER WITH UG/OH CONNECTION EQUIPMENT


392-41-23 NULEC RECLOSER WITH BYPASS LINKS GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
392-41-24 HV OUTDOOR WOOD POLE MOUNTED 12KV 400A METERING ASSEMBLY

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DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-41-25 11KV AND LV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-26 11KV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH DROP OUT FUSES ON 90
DEGREE TAKE OFF
392-41-28 11KV DOUBLE STRAIN CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-30 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF RECLOSER WITH LOADSIDE UGOH
CONNECTION
392-41-31 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CROSS ARM APPLICATIONS
392-41-32 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CROSS ARM APPLICATIONS
392-41-33 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-34 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN/PIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-35 11/22KV HARDWOOD CROSS ARM ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE AND WOOD
POLES
392-41-36 11/22KV COMPOSITE FIBRE CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE
POLES
392-41-37 11/22KV COMPOSITE FIBRE CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE AND
WOOD POLES
392-41-38 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-39 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-40 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CROSS ARM APPLICATIONS
392-41-41 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CROSS ARM APPLICATIONS
392-41-42 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-43 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-44 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN/PIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-45 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-46 11kV NULEC RECLOSER CONTROLLING POLE MOUNTED REGULATORS
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
392-42-00 LV IN LINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-01 LV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-02 LV ANGLE POLE S STRAP ASSEMBLY
392-42-03 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-04 LV IN LINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 90 DEGREE TAKE OFF
392-42-05 LV LINE DEVIATION CONSTRUCTION DETAIL

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DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-42-06 TEMPORARY SUPPLY FOR OVERHEAD NETWORK
392-42-07 LV DOUBLE STRAIN WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 80 DEGREE MAXIMUM
DEVIATION
392-42-08 LV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-09 LV CONCRETE ANGLE POLE 'S' STRAP ASSEMBLY
392-42-10 LV CONCRETE TERMINATION POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-11 9.5 8KN. TAPERED OCTAGONAL GALVANISED STEEL POLE.
392-42-12 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-13 LV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 90 DEG TAKE OFF
392-42-14 LV INLINE STEEL POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-15 LV TERMINATION STEEL POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-16 LV DOUBLE STRAIN STEEL POLE ASSEMBLY WITH ISOLATING LINKS
392-42-17 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION STEEL POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-18 LVABC INLINE & LVABC INLINE TEE-OFF ASSEMBLIES
392-42-19 LVABC INLINE ASSEMBLY
392-42-20 ASSEMBLY REQUIREMENTS FIBREGLASS POLES
392-42-21 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV
CONCRETE POLES
392-42-22 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR HV
CONCRETE POLES
392-42-23 LV HARDWOOD BRACKET MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV AND
HV CONCRETE POLES
392-42-24 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV
COMPOSITE FIBRE POLES
392-42-25 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV STEEL
POLES
392-42-26 LV HARDWOOD BRACKET MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV
STEEL POLES
392-42-27 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV WOOD
POLES
392-42-28 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR HV WOOD
POLES
392-42-29 LV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS FOR HARDWOOD CROSSARM
APPLICATIONS
392-42-30 LV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS FOR COMPOSITE FIBRE
CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
392-43-01 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR HARDWOOD CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
392-43-02 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR WOOD POLE APPLICATIONS
392-43-03 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONCRETE & COMPOSITE FIBRE POLE
APPLICATIONS

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DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-43-04 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR COMPOSITE FIBRE CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
392-43-05 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR STEEL POLE APPLICATIONS
392-43-06 PLANT POSITIONING GUIDELINES POLE TOP CONSTRUCTION
392-43-07 MINIMUM BRIDGING SEPARATIONS POLE TOP CONSTRUCTION
392-43-10 POLE SLEEVE INSTALLATION
392-51-00 11KV STRAIGHT THROUGH JOINT FOR 3/C 11 PLY SW.PVC CABLE
392-51-01 11KV XLPE INSULATED SINGLE CORE CABLE INDOOR HEAT SHRINK
TERMINATIONS
392-51-02 CABUS 11KV OUTDOOR SEALING ENDS CABLE STRIPPING AND ASSEMBLY
392-51-03 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION IN LINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-51-04 11kV UG/OH CONNECTION THROUGH LINE LINK WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-51-05 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION IN LINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH LV
THROUGH LINE ASSEMBLY
392-51-06 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-51-07 11kV UG/OH CONNECTION THROUGH LINE LINK WITH LV THROUGH LINE
ON INLINE WOOD POLE
392-51-08 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION THROUGH LINE LINK ASSEMBLY OPTION 1
392-51-09 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION INLINE POLE ASSEMBLY OPTION 1 OPTION 1
392-51-10 11KV IN LINE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 9O DEG TAKE OFF AND UG/OH
CONNECTION
392-51-11 11kV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
AND LV INLINE
392-51-12 11kV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
THROUGH LINK ASSEMBLY
392-51-13 11KV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
THROUGH LINK ASSEMBLY
392-51-14 11KV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
AND LV IN LINE OPTION
392-51-15 11KV TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH
CONNECTION & LINKS
392-51-16 11kV IN LINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION AND
LINKS
392-51-17 11kV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
THROUGH LINK ASSEMBLY
392-51-18 11kV UG/OH SURGE DIVERTER CONNECTION AND EARTHING CONNECTION
DETAILS
392-51-19 11kV TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-51-20 CONNECTION DETAILS OVERHEAD SWITCHGEAR
392-51-21 11kV UG/OH CONCRETE AND TIMBER POLE CABLE TERMINATION
ASSEMBLY

DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-51-22 11kV ISOLATING LINKS ON HV POLES GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS AND
MINIMUM SEPARATIONS
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392-54-03 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT NEW ZEALAND INSULATOR SEALING ENDS
392-61-00 SINGLE POLE SUBSTATION FOR CONCRETE POLES
392-61-01 SINGLE POLE TERMINATION SUBSTATION ASSEMBLY FOR CONCRETE POLES

392-61-02 TWO POLE SUBSTATION ARRANGEMENT (WOOD POLES)


392-61-03 SINGLE POLE SUBSTATION RURAL ARRANGEMENT
392-61-04 MULTI CIRCUIT SINGLE CONCRETE POLE POLE SUBSTATION
392-61-05 MULTI CIRCUIT SINGLE CONCRETE POLE SUBSTATION
392-61-06 11KV AND 22KV POLE SUBSTATION ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN
WILDLIFE PRONE AREAS
392-62-01 SWITCHGEAR RE-ARRANGEMENT TWO POLE SUBSTATION
392-71-00 11KV AIR BREAK SWITCH ASSEMBLY FOR WOOD POLE
392-71-01 11KV AIR BREAK SWITCH ASSEMBLY WITH LV THROUGH LINE ASSEMBLY
392-71-02 11KV AIR BREAK SWITCH ASSEMBLY FOR CONCRETE POLES
392-71-03 11KV AIR BREAK SWITCH GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPECIFICATION DWG FOR
CONCRETE POLES
392-71-04 HAYCOLEC AIR BREAK SWITCH ASSEMBLY TYPE A24 630A FOR CONCRETE
POLES
392-71-05 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH ASSEMBLY FAULT MAKE TYPE FOR CONCRETE
POLES
392-71-06 11kV NGK GAS SWITCH MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT ON WOOD POLE
NORMALLY OPEN OPERATION
392-71-07 MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT FOR 11kV NGK GAS SWITCH ON CONCRETE POLE

392-71-08 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH WITH LINK STICK OPERATION ASSEMBLY
392-71-09 MOUNTING BRACKET FOR LINK STICK OPERATED AIR BREAK SWITCH
392-71-10 MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT FOR 11kV & 22kV NGK GAS SWITCH & UG/OH
CONNECTION ON DOUBLE STRAIN CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-71-11 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT UG/OH WITH GAS SWITCH 11kV AND 22kV
392-72-00 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH ISOLATING LINKS
392-72-01 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH ISOLATING
LINKS
392-72-02 LVABC DOUBLE STRAIN & LVABC DOUBLE STRAIN WITH LINKS
ASSEMBLIES
392-73-01 TYPICAL HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE EXPULSION DROPOUT FUSE
(DOUBLE VENTING)
392-73-03 S&C POWER FUSE TYPE SMD 20 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & MOUNTING
392-73-04 S&C TYPE SMD-20 BORIC ACID DROPOUT FUSE ASSEMBLY
392-73-05 S&C TYPE SMD-20 FUSE BASE WITH SMU-20 FUSE UNIT EXPLODED VIEW

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