PO07132 Overhead Line Distribution Design Manual
PO07132 Overhead Line Distribution Design Manual
PO07132 Overhead Line Distribution Design Manual
This Design Manual sets out the requirements and must be applied to the design of an
overhead distribution line in the ACT. It relates to the information necessary to assess
various aspects of the development and its suitability for connection to Evoenergy’s
electricity system.
OFFICIAL (Ring-fenced)
CONTENTS
5.7
OFFICIAL (Ring-
8.4 Support structure clearance requirements Foundations/ footing 62
12.8 Stay loading consideration 63
12.9 Ground/aerial stay wire tension 64
12.7 38 12.10 Sidewalk stay wire selection/ tension 64
8.5 Third party assets clearance requirements 12.11 Engineering notes 66
38
13. EARTHING 67
8.6 Required clearances to vegetation 39
8.7
8.9 Required clearances
Plant, conductor, andtoelectrical
pools apparatus 39 13.1 General 67
8.8 clearance requirements
Required clearance to streetlight assets 40
40 13.2 Types of OH earthing (Separate vs CMEN)
8.10 Stay clearances 40 67
8.11 Aircraft navigation overcrossing marking 40 13.3 Reference manual 67
8.12 Railway crossings and line design within rail 13.4 Reference standard construction drawings
corridor/ easement 41 67
8.13 Water crossings 41
14. OVERHEAD LINE ACCESSORIES 68
8.14 Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) 41
14.1 General 68
9. CONDUCTORS 43
14.2 Insulators 68
9.1 Conductor selection 43 14.3 Surge arresters 69
9.2 Conductor attributes 44 14.4 Cross arms 69
9.3 Conductor stringing 51 14.5 Conductor attachments and ties 69
9.4 Line deviation limitations 52 14.6 Armour rods and preformed ties 70
9.5 Conductor stress and fatigue 53 14.7 Vibration dampers 70
10. POLES 54 14.8 Low voltage spreaders 70
14.9 Aerial markers 71
10.1 Pole selection 54
14.10 Temporary visual indicators 71
10.2 Pole types 54
14.11 Non-standard insulators and fittings 72
10.3 Pole rules 54
10.4 Pole–mounted switchgear 55 15. SWITCHGEAR 73
10.5 Constraints on the use of certain poles 55 15.1 General 73
11. FOUNDATION 57 15.2 Three phase air-break switch (air) 73
15.3 Three phase gas switch (SF6) 73
11.1 General 57
15.4 Three phase reclosers (vacuum) 73
11.2 Footing design for directly embedded poles
57 15.5 Switch selection considerations 74
11.3 Calculation of embedment depth 59 15.6 Site attributes for overhead switch devices
75
11.4 Minimum embedment depths for Evoenergy
standard poles 60 VERSION CONTROL 76
12. STAYS 61 DOCUMENT CONTROL 76
OFFICIAL (Ring-
1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE
1.1 Scope
The scope of this document is to provide guidelines on the minimum requirements for design of Evoenergy overhead
distribution lines (11kV, 22kV and 400V). Content of this document is based on AS/NZS 7000 and SA/SNZ HB331,
which is a handbook to provide guidance for the application of AS7000.
This document covers the following aspects:
Design criteria for overhead lines
Standard construction practices
Application of Australian standards and guidelines.
As design calculations will primarily be performed using software, the manual will provide guidance for setting input
parameters on software for line design, rather than detail by-hand calculations. However, this document is a
comprehensive design manual providing all necessary design data, requirements, worked examples and engineering
notes.
This manual provides the standard approach to overhead line design for the Evoenergy distribution network. If the
standard design guidelines are not suitable for any situation, the designers may choose to depart from these standard
design guidelines and develop a solution based on appropriate engineering analysis. Approval by the Asset Owner is
required for departures from this overhead design manual.
For switching requirements and design, the designer should consult with the Overhead Asset Manager, System Control
Manager and Asset Planning section for guidance on network requirement before making a decision.
The strict application and compliance of AS/NZS 7000 to the overhead network is limited to new overhead lines and
existing assets that require life extension or maintenance tasks to be conducted.
1.2 Purpose
The guideline is intended to:
Promote standardisation and a uniform design philosophy.
Be practical and ensure earthing is cost effective to design, install, supervise and maintain.
Provide a convenient reference for design parameters, standards, and policy.
Support designers with limited ‘first-principles’ line engineering expertise.
Support training of new designers (not as complete training material, but as an underpinning
reference).
Support any future auditing of designs submitted by external design consultants.
1.3 Software
It is recommended to use the latest version of the Poles & Wires software for distribution line design.
OFFICIAL (Ring-
2. REFERENCES AND STANDARDS
2.1 Australian Standards
DOCUMENT
DOCUMENT TITLE
NUMBER
AS 1154.1 Insulator and conductor fittings for overhead power line
AS 1154.2 Insulator And Conductor Fittings for Overhead Power Lines - Dimensions
Insulator And Conductor Fittings for Overhead Power Lines - Performance and
AS 1154.3
General Requirements for Helical Fittings
AS 1726 – 1993 Geotechnical site investigations
AS 2067 Substations and High Voltage Installations Exceeding 1 KV A.C.
AS 2947-2009 Crossing of waterways by electricity infrastructure.
AS 3609 Insulators - Porcelain Stay Type - Voltages Greater Than 1000 V AC
Air navigation - Cables and their supporting structures - Marking and safety
AS 3891.1-2008 requirements - Permanent marking of overhead cables and their supporting
structures for other than planned low-level flying
Air navigation - Cables and their supporting structures - Marking and safety requirements -
AS 3891.2-2008
Marking of overhead cables for planned low-level flying operations.
Polymeric Insulators for Indoor and Outdoor Use with A Nominal Voltage > 1000 V
AS 62217
- General Definitions, Test Methods and Acceptance Criteria
AS 62271 High-voltage switchgear and control gear
Insulators - Porcelain and Glass for Overhead Power Lines - Voltages Greater Than
AS/NZS 2947.2
1000 V AC. - Characteristics
AS/NZS 7000 Overhead Line Design
SA/SNZ HB331 Overhead Line Design handbook
Woík Health and Section 22 - Duties of peísons conducting businesses oí undeítakings that design plant,
Safety Act 2011 substances oí stíuctuíes
(ACľ)
Woík Health and Safety Paít 4.1 Noise - Section 59 Duties of designeís, manufactuíeís, impoíteís and supplieís of
Regulation 2011 plant; and Paít 4.2 Hazaídous manual tasks – Section 61 Duties of designeís, manufactuíeís,
(ACľ) impoíteís and supplieís of plant oí stíuctuíes
ACT Work Health Safe Design of Structures Code of Practice
and Safety
National Construction National Construction Code Volume One
Code
National Construction National Construction Code Volume two
Code
Transport Canberra Standard Specification for Urban Infrastructure Works
and City Services
OFFICIAL (Ring-
NENS 04 – 2003National guidelines for safe approach distances to electrical and
ESAA
mechanical apparatus
ACT Government Design Standards for Urban Infrastructure Series
ACT Government SL2001-28, Utility Networks (Public Safety) Regulation 2001
ACT Government A2000-65, Utilities Act 2000
DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
DRAWING NUMERICAL SERIES: ELECTRICAL/ CAD DRAWINGS
1. 3810-001 CRITERIA FOR THE USE OF SPIRAL VIBRATION DAMPERS
2. 3811-004 MINIMUM CLEARANCES INSULATED & BARE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY ZONE SUBSTATIONS IN ACT
3. 3811-014
AND NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY GROUND ASSETS IN ACT
4. 3811-015
AND NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY HIGH VOLTAGE
5. 3811-016
UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD NETWORK ASSETS IN ACT
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY LOW VOLTAGE
6. 3811-017
UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD NETWORK ASSETS IN ACT
OFFICIAL (Ring-
DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UG & OH TRANSMISSION LINE ASSETS IN
7. 3811-018
ACT
8. 3811-019 FALL IN HAZARDOUS VEGETATION IN ACT & NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY HIGH VOLTAGE UG & OH
9. 3811-020
NETWORK ASSETS IN NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY LOW VOLTAGE UG & OH
10. 3811-021
NETWORK ASSETS IN NSW
11. 3812-001 CRITERIA FOR THE USE OF LV SPREADERS
12. 3832-018 SEPARATION AND COVER REQUIREMENTS FOR CABLES AND PLANT
13. 3832-020 CLEARANCE REQUIREMENT FOR SWIMMING POOL FROM ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
14. 390-017 LINE CONFIGURATION NAMING STANDARD
CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS BETWEEN ACTEWAGL INFRASTRUCTURE AND
15. 390-018
TELECOMMUNICATION CARRIERS CABLE INSTALLATION
THIRD PARTY MICROCELL AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS RADIO FREQUENCY HAZARDS
16. 390-022
MINIMUM CLEARANCE TO GROUND
THIRD PARTY MICROCELL AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS BARE OVERHEAD MAINS
17. 390-023
MINIMUM CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS
THIRD PARTY MICROCELL AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS LV ABC CONSTRUCTION
18. 390-024
REQUIRED MINIMUM CLEARANCES
THIRD PARTY MICROCELL AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS ISOLATION SWITCH MOUNTING
19. 390-025
CONSIDERATIONS FIXED TO EVOENERGY STRUCTURES
17m, 18.5m, 20m 21.4m INTERMEDIATE REINFORCED SPUN CONCRETE POLE FOR SINGLE
20. 192-43-45
CONDUCTOR LINES CASTING REQUIREMENTS
21. 391-740-06 SPACER PLATES FOR 22kv LINE POST INSULATORS
CASTING REQUIREMENTS 12.5m 8kN TYPE 1 THREE PIECE COMPOSITE FIBRE POLE HIGH
22. 391-740-16
VOLTAGE
23. 391-743-05 SPUN REINFORCED / STRESSED CONCRETE POLE EARTHING DETAILS
24. 392-36-01 HAND TIE DETAILS FOR HV OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS
25. 392-36-02 HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR TOP TIE APPLICATION
HAND TIE DETAILS FOR LV OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND HV OVERHEAD BRIDGING
26. 392-36-04
CONDUCTORS
27. 392-41-050 INTELLIRUPTER TRIAL POLE CASTING DETAILS
28. 392-41-051 INTELLIRUPTER TRIAL INFIELD INSTALLATION BILL OF MATERIALS
29. 392-41-20 AIR NAVIGATION OVERCROSSING MARKER ASSEMBLY
30. 392-41-36 11/22kV COMPOSITE FIBRE CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE POLES
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
31. 392-41-40
CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
32. 392-41-41
CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
33. 392-41-42
POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
34. 392-41-43
CONCRETE POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN/PIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES
35. 392-41-44
FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
OFFICIAL (Ring-
DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
22kV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLIES FOR
36. 392-41-45
WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
2 UNIT 11kV POLE MOUNTED REGULATOR WITH POLE MOUNTED CONTROL
37. 392-41-47
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
38. 392-43-06 PLANT POSITIONING GUIDELINES POLE TOP CONSTRUCTION
39. 392-43-07 MINIMUM BRIDGING SEPARATIONS POLE TOP CONSTRUCTION
40. 393-002 STANDARD ALIGNMENTS AND RESERVATIONS OVERHEAD MAINS
DRAWING D104 SERIES: OH PARTS
41. D104-0001 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 9.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 1, REINFORCED CONCRETE
42. D104-0002 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 11m, 8/16kN, TYPE 1, REINFORCED CONCRETE
PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 9.5m, 8/32kN, TYPE 1B, FIBRE REINFORCED
43.
D104-0023 POLYMER, COMPOSITE, TWO PIECE, UTILITY POLE
44. D104-0101 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 3, REINFORCED CONCRETE
45. D104-0128 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 4, REINFORCED CONCRETE
46. D104-0134 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE POLE, 9.5m, 12/24kN, TYPE 1, REINFORCED CONCRETE
47. D104-0136 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 12/24kN, TYPE 4, REINFORCED CONCRETE
48. D104-0137 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 14m, 8/16kN, TYPE 4S, REINFORCED CONCRETE
49. D104-0138 PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 15.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 4S, REINFORCED CONCRETE
PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 3C, FIBRE REINFORCED
50.
D104-0143 CEMENT
PARTS, OH INFRASTRUCTURE, POLE, 12.5m, 8/16kN, TYPE 4C, FIBRE REINFORCED
51.
D104-0144 CEMENT
DRAWING D201 SERIES: OH HV COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES
D201-0021 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV GAS SWITCH, DOUBLE STRAIN ON A
52.
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
53. D201-0026 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV INLINE ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0027 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV DOUBLE STRAIN ON A 12.5m CONCRETE
54.
POLE
55. D201-0028 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV TERMINATION ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0029 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV DOUBLE TERMINATION ON A 12.5m
56.
CONCRETE POLE
D201-0030 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV INLINE-TERMINATION ON A 12.5m
57.
CONCRETE POLE
D201-0031 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV DOUBLE STRAIN - TERMINATION ON A
58.
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0032 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV INLINE, 1ph FUSED TERMINATION ON A
59.
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0033 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, POLES, 11kV INLINE, 3ph FUSED TERMINATION ON A
60.
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
D201-0035 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH ON A 12.5m
61.
CONCRETE POLE
D201-0040 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV RECLOSER WITHOUT INLINE
62.
ISOLATING LINKS, ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE - SHEET 1/2
OFFICIAL (Ring-
DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
D201-0041 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV RECLOSER WITHOUT INLINE
63.
ISOLATING LINKS, ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE - SHEET 2/2
D201-0042 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV RECLOSER WITH INLINE ISOLATING
64.
LINKS, ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE- SHEET 1/2
D201-0043 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV RECLOSER WITH INLINE ISOLATING
65.
LINKS, ON A 12.5m CONCRETE POLE- SHEET 2/2
D201-0054 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, CA, SWITCHING, 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH ON A 12.5m FIBRE
66.
REINFORCED CEMENT POLE
DRAWING D202 SERIES: OH LV COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES
67. D202-0023 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, INLINE - 9.5m COMPOSITE POLES
68. D202-0024 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV INLINE - CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE STRAIN - 9.5m COMPOSITE
69. D202-0025
POLES
70. D202-0026 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE STRAIN - CONCRETE POLE
71. D202-0027 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV TERMINATION - 9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
72. D202-0028 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV TERMINATION - CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE TERMINATION - 9.5m
73. D202-0029
COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE TERMINATION - CONCRETE
74. D202-0030
POLE
75. D202-0031 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, INLINE TERMINATION - COMPOSITE POLES
76. D202-0032 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, INLINE TERMINATION - CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, DOUBLE STRAIN WITH LINKS - COMPOSITE
77. D202-0033
POLES
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, BARE OPEN, LV DOUBLE STRAIN WITH LINKS -
78. D202-0034
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC INLINE - CONCRETE
79. D202-0036
POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC INLINE ON A 9.5m
80. D202-0037
COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC ANGLE - CONCRETE
81. D202-0038
POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC ANGLE 9.5m
82. D202-0039
COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC DOUBLE TERMINATION -
83. D202-0040
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC DOUBLE TERMINATION
84. D202-0041
ON A 9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC DOUBLE STRAIN -
85. D202-0042
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC DOUBLE STRAIN ON A
86. D202-0043
9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC TERMINATION -
87. D202-0044
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC TERMINATION ON A
88. D202-0045
9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
OFFICIAL (Ring-
DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC INLINE-TERMINATION -
89. D202-0046
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC INLINE-TERMINATION
90. D202-0047
ON A 9.5m COMPOSITE POLE
91. D202-0048 OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC LINK - CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, LOW VOLTAGE, CA, AERIAL BUNDLED CABLE, LVABC LINK ON A 9.5m
92. D202-0049
COMPOSITE POLE
DRAWING D203 SERIES: OH POLE SUBSTATION COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES
OVERHEAD, POLE SUBSTATION, CA, 25kVA1ph POLE MOUNTED TRANSFORMER ON A
93. D203-0001
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, POLE SUBSTATION, CA, 100-500kVA 3ph POLE MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS ON A
94. D203-0002
12.5m POLE
OVERHEAD, POLE SUBSTATION, CA, 25kVA 3ph POLE MOUNTED TRANSFORMER, ON A
95. D203-0020
12.5m CONCRETE POLE
DRAWING D204 SERIES: OH CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES INCLUDING SUB AND
INTERFACE ASSEMBLIES
96. D199-0003 PARTS, INTERFACES IA, STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE (CONDUCTIVE) POLES
D199-0012 UNDERGROUND, HV, IA, TERMINATIONS, 11kV UNDERGROUND/OVERHEAD (UG/OH)
97.
TERMINATION
D199-0025 OVERHEAD INTERFACES, IA, 11kV STANDARD POLE MOUNT DISTRIBUTION
98.
TRANSFORMER, FROM AUGUST 2023
D199-0026 OVERHEAD, HIGH VOLTAGE, IA, POLE BANDS TO SUIT, 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH
99.
ACTUATOR
D199-0027 PARTS, INTERFACES IA, FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT & POLYMER (NON CONDUCTIVE)
100.
POLES
D199-0029 OVERHEAD INTERFACES IA, 22kV STANDARD POLE MOUNT DISTRIBUTION
101.
TRANSFORMER FROM AUGUST 2023
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, IA, CONDUCTOR FITTINGS, DEAD ENDS,
102. D204-0001
SPLICES, ARMOR RODS, TIES, SVDS, GUY LOKS, CLEVIS THIMBLES & SPREADER RODS
103. D204-0002 OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, IA, CONNECTORS AND BRIDGING
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, NEUTRAL BONDING, CONCRETE
104. D204-0003
POLE NEUTRAL BONDING
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, EARTH STAKE FOR A
105. D204-0004
CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, HV DEEP EARTH
106. D204-0006
ELECTRODE FOR A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, ADDITIONAL HV DEEP
107. D204-0007
EARTH ELECTRODE FOR A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, STANDARD STAY ON A
108. D204-0008
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (19/2.75 SC)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, PLATIPUS STAY ON A
109. D204-0009
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (7/3.25 SC)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, AERIAL STAY ON CONCRETE OR
110. D204-0010
COMPOSITE POLE (19/2.75 SC)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, SIDEWALK STAY ON A
111. D204-0011
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (7/3.25 SC)
OFFICIAL (Ring-
DRAWING
NO. TITLE
NUMBER
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, HV AND LV DEEP EARTH
112. D204-0012
ELECTRODES, FOR A POLE SUBSTATION ON A CONCRETE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, SIDEWALK STAY ON A
113. D204-0013
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (19/2.75 SC)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, POLE FOUNDATION, CONCRETE,
114. D204-0014
CEMENT POLES
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, POLE FOUNDATION, 9.5m
115. D204-0017
COMPOSITE POLES
116. D204-0018 OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, IA, BAND SELECTION TYPE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, IA, 11kV STANDARD POLE MOUNT
117. D204-0020
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER, FROM NOVEMBER 2016
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, EARTHING, BURIED GRADING RING
118. D204-0029
FOR CONDUCTIVE POLE
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, BUCKLE, STRAP AND PLATE, CABLE
119. D204-0030
MOUNTING ASSEMBLY
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, STANDARD STAY ON A
120. D204-0031
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, AERIAL STAY ON CONCRETE OR
121. D204-0032
COMPOSITE POLE (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, SIDEWALK STAY ON A
122. D204-0033
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE PLATIPUS FOOTING, (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, PLATIPUS STAY ON A
123. D204-0034
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, STAYS, SIDEWALK STAY ON A
124. D204-0035
CONCRETE OR COMPOSITE POLE BORED FOOTING, (M12 GALV STEEL ROPE)
DRAWING D30X SERIES: UNDERGROUND/OVERHEAD
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 11kV CABLE UG/OH WITH SURGE
125. D301-0003
DIVERTERS
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, HARD BOLTED 11kV UG/OH ON A 12.5m
126. D301-0004
CONCRETE POLE
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 11kV OH/UG WITH GAS SWITCH ON A 12.5m
127. D301-0005
CONCRETE POLE
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 11kV CABLE UG/OH WITH SURGE
128. D301-0011
DIVERTERS ON A 12.5m FIBRE CEMENT POLE
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, HARD BOLTED 11kV UG/OH ON A 12.5m
129. D301-0012
FIBER CEMENT POLE
UNDERGROUND, HIGH VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 11kV OH/UG WITH GAS SWITCH ON A 12.5m
130. D301-0013
FIBER CEMENT POLE
131. D302-0005 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 2 CORE 16mm2 Cu FUSED UG/OH
132. D302-0006 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 4 CORE 16mm2 Cu FUSED UG/OH
133. D302-0007 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 240mm2LV CABLE HARD BOLTED UG/OH
134. D302-0008 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 240mm2 LV CABLE FUSED UG/OH
135. D302-0009 UNDERGROUND, LOW VOLTAGE, SA, UG/OH, 240mm2 LV CABLE UG/OH WITH LINKS
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3. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
3.1 Acronyms
TERM DEFINITION
2CTW 2 Wire Twisted (1 phase) service
4CTW 4 Wire Twisted (3 phase) service
4WL 4 Wire Lateral (open wire 3 phase) service
ACT Australian Capital Territory
AAC All Aluminium Conductor
AAAC All Aluminium Alloy Conductor
ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced
ADSS All Dielectric Self-supporting (Communications cable—optical fibre)
AHD Australian Height Datum
Al Aluminium
BAZ Bushfire Abatement Zone
BPA Bushfire Prone Areas
CBL Calculated Breaking Load. In relation to a conductor, means the calculated minimum breaking
load determined in accordance with the relevant Australian/New Zealand Standard.
3.2 Definitions
TERM DEFINITION
Action Force (load) applied to a mechanical system, as well as imposed or constrained deformation or
acceleration, e.g., due to earthquakes, temperature or moisture changes.
Aerial Bundled Two or more XLPE insulated aluminium overhead conductors twisted together to form a single
Cable (ABC) bundled assembly.
Alignment A distance relative to the edge of the footpath (usually the property boundary side) used to
describe the position of a pole, cable, or other service.
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TERM DEFINITION
Average Or “Return Period”, is the inverse of the annual probability of exceeding wind speed, as applied
Recurrence in AS/NZS 1170.2
Interval (ARI)
Blowout The horizontal ‘sag’ or deviation of powerline conductors from the centre because of wind
forces.
Bridging Relatively short, flexible or rigid, bare, covered or insulated leads which electrically
connect lines at termination or tee-off points or connect electrical lines to electrical
apparatus. Also known as ‘droppers’ or ‘jumpers’.
Bushfire Under the Emergencies Act, the Commissioner has declared a Bushfire Abatement Zone
Abatement Zone (BAZ).
Bushfire Prone The BPA map is a single risk-based map that defines the area of the ACT that has been
Areas assessed as being at high risk to life and property due to bushfires.
Cadastral Map A map or plan showing details of land tenure (e.g., property boundaries or natural features).
Chainage The distance from a datum along the centreline of a roadway. This term and offset are used to
reference points on roadworks plans.
Common MEN An earthing system in which the LV MEN system is connected to the HV system earthing. This
System is used commonly in urban areas where there are numerous interconnected earth rods all
meshed together over a wide area and a low resistance to earth can be obtained. See ‘Multiple
Earth Neutral’.
Conductor A wire or other form of conducting material used for carrying current.
Covered An unscreened overhead conductor around which is applied a specified thickness of insulating
Conductor Thick material dependant on the working voltage.
(CCT)
Creep (or Inelastic The process where a conductor increases in length over time when under tension in service. This
Stretch) causes an increase in sag in a span.
Customer A person or organisation that has applied for or receives electrical supply from the electricity
network.
Easement A strip of land registered on the title deed in the office of the Registrar of Titles allowing access
or other rights to a public body or party other than the owner of the parcel of land on which the
easement exists.
Earthing The process of connecting components of electricity supply networks to ground to prevent
dangerous voltages occurring which may damage equipment or injure individuals coming into
contact with them.
Everyday Tension The sustained load (continuous force) exerted by conductors under no wind conditions.
Feeder A circuit (normally HV) emanating from a substation for distributing electric power.
Load Case A compatible set of load arrangements or conditions to be considered in evaluating a structure,
e.g., sustained load, maximum wind load, ice load.
Load Factor A factor in a limit state equation which takes into account the variability and dynamics of a
load, as well as the importance of a structure.
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TERM DEFINITION
Low Voltage (LV) Electrical potential that is in the range of 32V to 1kV.
Mains Main lines or cables of a network connecting various sites — does not include services to
individual consumers.
Maximum Wind The force applied by conductors to a support structure in an intense wind, generally a 3s gust
Tension corresponding to the overhead line design period.
Mean Equivalent A theoretical span used to represent the behaviour of a number of spans of varying lengths in a
Span (MES) strain section of an overhead powerline, also known as Ruling Span.
Multiple Earth An earthing system connecting the network neutral conductors to the earth electrodes in
Neutral customers’ electrical installations, the electricity authority transformers and earths at multiple
(MEN) locations on the electricity distribution network.
Overhead Mains Aerial conductors or cables together with associated supports, insulators and apparatus used
for the transmission or distribution of electrical energy.
Phasing The relative positions of phases (A, B, C) in a polyphase power system.
Pole A structure (wood, concrete, steel, composite fibre) supporting conductors and other equipment
forming part of the overhead mains.
Profile A longitudinal cross section of ground and an existing or proposed powerline used to check
clearances and select optimum pole positions.
RL (Reduced The elevation of a point above an adopted datum.
Level)
Ruling Span Ruling Span – see Mean Equivalent Span
Sag The vertical distance between a conductor and a line joining the two attachment points. Usually,
the term refers to the maximum distance within a span at or near the midpoint.
Service The electricity authority’s conductors connecting individual customer’s installation to the
electricity network.
Serviceability Limit State beyond which specified service criteria for a structure or structural element are no longer
State met.
Sinking Depth The depth of a pole below ground—also known as embedment or planting depth.
Span A section of overhead conductor between two supporting poles or structures. The term may also
refer to the horizontal distance between the two pole attachment points.
Span Reduction A reduction applied to design wind pressure on conductors on long spans taking into account that
Factor wind gusts tend to be localised in their intensity.
(SRF)
Stay A steel wire that is used to support a pole when the tip load exceeds the pole capacity. The stay
may be anchored in the ground or to another pole. Also known as a ‘guy’.
Strain Point The structure on a pole that supports the tension of a line in both directions, where conductors
are terminated, as opposed to an intermediate support. Used to sectionalise a line for electrical
isolation or to provide convenient stringing sections. Also known as a ‘Shackle Point’.
Strain Section A section of overhead powerline between fixed strain points or terminations.
Strength Factor, or A factor in a limit state equation used to derate the nominal strength of a component to a
Strength Reduction practical design value, taking into account variability of the material, workmanship,
Factor maintenance and other factors.
Sub-circuit A circuit below another circuit, e.g., LV mains below 11kV.
Super-circuit A circuit above another circuit, e.g., 11kV mains above LV.
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TERM DEFINITION
Tip Load The equivalent mechanical load applied to a pole tip by attached conductors or stays, as well as
wind on the pole/structure.
Uplift A vertical upward force applied to a structure by attached conductors—generally not
desirable for intermediate (non-strain) structure types.
Ultimate Limit State associated with collapse or structural failure. Generally, corresponds with the maximum
State load-carrying resistance of a structure or component thereof.
Ultimate Strength The maximum load (nominal or actual) which may be applied to a structural component without
inducing failure.
Wayleave A written authority that the owner/occupier of a property uses to authorise an electricity authority
to construct, maintain and clear vegetation for electrical line installations.
Weight Span The equivalent span that gives the vertical conductor load applied to a support and equals the
span between the lowest points on the catenary on either side of that support.
Wind Span The equivalent span that gives the horizontal lateral component of the conductor load applied
to a support and equals one half of the sum of the spans on either side of that support.
Working Strength A nominal maximum working load obtained by dividing the ultimate strength by a safety
factor. This value is not relevant to limit state design, but existing poles may be labelled with a
working strength.
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4. DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES
4.1 Wind return periods for design working life and security level
A minimum design return period for a line is set by selection of overhead line security class and design working life
as per AS/NZS 7000 table 6.1 – “ultimate limit state wind returns periods for design working life and line security
levels.”
For example, normal distribution lines in Australia are commonly designed for a 50-year life and Level I
security, which AS/NZS 7000 specifies as requiring a minimum 50-year return period.
Minimum line security level of “Level I” must be considered for low voltage (400V) and medium voltage
(11/22kV) power line designs at Evoenergy.
According to HB 331:2020 table 8.1 - wind pressure for types of equipment for 50-year return period, for wind region
A1-A7, and base wind speed of 39m/s, the wind pressure to be considered as 913 Pa.
PARAMETER REQUIREMENT
Maximum Ambient Air Temperature 45 0C
Minimum Ambient Air Temperature -25 0C
Average Maximum ambient temperature over 24-
35 0C
hour period
Maximum Solar radiation 1.1kWm-2 (Equivalent to black body temperature of 80 0C
Altitude Less than 1000m above sea level
Pollution level Class C – Medium
Wind region A3
Maximum wind speed 34 m/s or 122.4 km/h
Average relative humidity over 24 hrs not exceeding 95%
Precipitation Average Annual Rainfall 630mm
Vibration due to causes external to material Negligible
Environment (AS 7000, Table D1) Climatic Zone – Temperate
Industrial proximity – exposure zone B1
TABLE 1. SERVICE CONDITIONS
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A design life between 50-80 years is likely achievable in accordance with Appendix D AS7000. It is likely
materials which are specified as below will achieve the required design life:
Hot dipped galvanising of all ferrous metals (excluding stainless steel) with a coating of 200g/m²
expected life 12-25 years, 400g/m² expected life 25-50 years.
Use of concrete poles where possible, with an expected service life 60-80 years.
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Installation of bird diverters on OH lines near sensitive habitats or development of different pole top
structures to reduce nesting potential in nature reserves.
Revised construction methodologies for working near established trees or within tree protection zones (e.g.,
hydrovac, matting to reduce soil compaction).
Depending on the project location, work proposed and environment and planning constraints, an environment officer
will provide advice to the Designer to incorporate and consider within 3 working days. This advice may result in
additional timeframes or consultation required with regulators depending upon the work location and work proposed.
Advice may also result in additional timeframes depending on required Development Approvals or Work Approvals
which must be facilitated by the Environment team (Network Initiated) or designer (Customer Initiated).
4.5.1 Development approval
Development Approvals may be required for works that are not exempt under the planning and development regulation
2008. If works are network initiated, the Environment Team can facilitate this process, however, if customer initiated,
the requirement for a Development Approval will be pushed on to the customer to provide. It is important to ensure that
all Evoenergy works have the required approvals prior to construction to ensure Evoenergy satisfies its regulatory
obligations.
4.5.2 Works approval
Works Approval is required for any work that is conducted within areas covered by the National Capital Plan and
administered by the National Capital Authority (NCA). If works are network initiated, the Environment Team can
facilitate this process, however, if customer initiated, the requirement for Works approval will be pushed on to the
customer to provide.
Under the national capital plan Evoenergy must plan the installation of electricity infrastructure to minimise visual
impact. This is of particular importance along major vistas, corridors, and major open space. Where the installation of
overhead conductors is not suited due to the impact to significant vistas the installation of underground reticulation
should be considered.
4.5.3 Network resilience
Evoenergy maintains a long-term target in its sustainability strategy that it is resilient to climate change and continue
to deliver and maintain a safe, reliable, and affordable electricity network for the ACT.
Efforts should be made where possible during the design process to account for considerations of future network
capability and capacity as increased electrical load and electrification continues as the ACT moves towards net-zero by
2045. Examples of this may include considerations of network losses through conductor sizing, transformer sizing or
local network configuration.
4.5.4 Supporting resources:
Evoenergy’s Environment Team maintains a Grid page with resources to support designers to consider
environmental and planning constraints in their preliminary designs. Resources include information on:
Planning and Development
Contaminated Land and VENM
Oils and Fuel
Working in Nature Reserves
Heritage
Extreme Weather
Waste Management
Additional resources include mapping services provided by the ACT government through ACTmapi. This
service includes mapping information on:
Bushfire Prone Areas (BPA) and Bushfire Abatement Zones (BPA)
Flood prone areas
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Aerial Imagery
Land custodianship
Heritage and culturally significant areas
Significant species and vegetation communities
Soil and hydro geological data
Development constraints
The line must comply with these requirements over the full design range of weather and load conditions
that could be reasonably encountered—when the line is cold and taut, when at its maximum design
temperature and consequently when conductor sag is at a maximum, and under maximum wind conditions.
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Conductors limit state (i.e., earth wires)
Insulator limit states
Electrical structure clearance limit states
AS 7000 Clause 6.3 limit states sets out the approach to be adopted in design. Limit state approach uses a
reliability-based approach to match component strengths to the effect of loads calculated based on an
acceptably low probability of occurrence, using the below equation.
AS/NZS 7000 also sets out other limit states that designers may need to check where relevant, such as:
Failure containment (to prevent a cascading failure after one structure fails) or broken wire condition
(where one phase conductor breaks on one side of a strain point, so that the loads applied are then out
of balance)
Maintenance and construction loading
Snow and ice loading
Seismic loading
Torsional loading
Uplift
PART OF STRENGTH
COMPONENT LIMIT STATE
OVERHEAD LINE FACTOR φ
Strength 0.60
Pole
Wood structures preserved by Serviceability 0.34
full length treatment Strength 0.50
Crossarm
Serviceability 0.30
Strength 0.9
Concrete structures Pole
Serviceability 0.5
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PART OF STRENGTH
COMPONENT LIMIT STATE
OVERHEAD LINE FACTOR φ
Strength 0.90
Conductors
Serviceability 0.50
0.9
Synthetic composite line post Strength (max. design
insulators cantilever load)
Foundations relying on
strength of soil—empirical Strength 0.5
assessment of soil
TABLE 2. COMPONENT STRENGTH FACTORS
As per AS 7000 Appendix J, it is recommended that for the serviceable loads, the maximum deflection of the
pole is 5% of the pole height above ground.
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4.8 Load factors and load cases
Ft Wn Gc Gs
Notes:
No Wind is a serviceability limit state. For this condition deflection limit is 5% of pole height
above ground.
Wind is an ultimate strength limit state
Refer to AS/NZS 7000, Table 7.1 for additional details.
SPECIAL
NORMAL DESIGN
COMPONENT EXPOSED RURAL
PRESSURE
DESIGN PRESSURE
Notes:
Wind return period of 50 years has been used based upon AS/NZS 7000, Table 6.1, security level I,
50-year life.
Normal Design Wind Pressures are based on region A3, terrain category 2 and 10m pole height
which gives 140km/h wind speed.
Special Exposed Rural Design Wind Pressures are based on region A3, terrain category 1 (exposed
open terrain with few or no obstructions and water surfaces) and 10m height which gives 168km/h
wind speed. These wind pressures are also suitable for exposed hills up to topographic multiplier 1.2.
The following drag coefficients of the various components have been used: - 1 for conductors,
1.4 for round poles and poles with 8 sides, 2.2 for square sections.
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4.10Design temperatures
SITUATION TEMP WHEN USED
0°C
‘No Wind’ Load Condition Calculating sustained loads COOL
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Notes:
Many older lines were designed to lower temperatures, commonly 50°C or 65°C.
Due to cooling effect.
Lower temperatures may be required for above 800m altitude where there may be snow and icing.
Urban region at Evoenergy will be defined as the region other than Rural, that is:
URBAN = ACT REGION – RURAL
Refer to rural and urban classification guide, PO070509 for more details.
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5. SAFETY IN DESIGN
5.1 What is safety in design
Safety in design is a concept which seeks to eliminate or reduce hazards that maybe presented by the structure
or system to people, property or the environment throughout the entire life of the object. Safe design begins at
the early design stage where the designer considers the purpose of the structure or system. Design
considerations will include:
What the system needs to do and for how long,
Selection of suitable materials,
How often will the structure need to be accessed?
Does the site allow for the safe access of workers and their plant and equipment?
How will the design interface to the existing network?
How the system will be built, maintained, operated, removed, recycled or disposed of,
Law, legislation, or local rules that may apply
Identify key stakeholders which may include construction staff, local authorities or regulators,
property owners, community groups other affected utilities or customers.
Additional information and useful resources in relation safe design maybe found on the Commonwealth
Government Safe Work website.
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5.4 Non-standard design
For project specific reasons, designers may consider a non-standard or non-typical design which may include
unfamiliar work practice or method of installation, unaccustomed material etc. Designer must review their non-
standard or non-typical design with relevant parties as per following table:
If designer is to implement something different from above mentioned types of non-standard design, then
designer is to check with each section supervisor/manager if they would like to assess the non- standard or
non-typical design.
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5.6 Use of the ADMS for LV network voltage analysis
Connection of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to Evoenergy’s LV network has now reached levels
where it can adversely affect supply power quality if not managed satisfactorily. Of particular concern, for the
purposes of this document, is voltage rise conditions due to reverse power flow.
Hence assessment of voltage at the various points of interest (service connection points and points of common
coupling) must consider peak power flow in both directions based on the daily load/generation profile. This
exercise is best carried out using load flow study software.
Evoenergy uses the load flow module in the ADMS to model and simulate power flow for the purposes of
analysing voltage performance in an existing or modified network. The ADMS has provision for specifying
different types of loads (e.g., residential, commercial) and embedded generating sources (e.g., Solar PV) to
represent operating conditions more closely.
The designer makes the required changes in an offline model (simulation) of the real time network in the
ADMS and runs load flow studies on this model to get feeder loading and voltages at nominated nodes or
terminals.
Refer to the ADMS user guides for the procedure on simulating a load flow study for new
development/connection within the distribution network in Greenfield or Brownfield areas.
As an alternative to using the ADMS other suitable methods may be adopted for analysing the LV network
with the approval of relevant stakeholders.
The values in the table above assume that the tap-changer on the Pole Substation transformer is set at 5% boost
and the tap-changers on the Zone Substation transformers are set at 2% boost at high load. A load flow study
reflecting power flow and actual transformer tap settings under peak load and generation conditions is required
to reliably assess the voltage profile at the various points of relevance.
Voltage levels (drop/rise) are to be assessed using ADMS as per clause 4.3. For Brownfield development the
existing low voltage network may need to be investigated and analysed (for voltage levels, existing loading,
any solar PV resources causing reverse the power flow etc.) at the preliminary design stage.
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5.8 Ferroresonance
Ferroresonance is a phenomenon which may occur when a capacitance is either in series or in parallel with a
nonlinear inductance. It can cause over voltages and over currents that can pose a risk to transmission and
distribution equipment and to operational personnel.
In power distribution systems, the most common place to find ferroresonance is when a three-phase distribution
transformer is energised through an underground cable. Under no load, or very light load conditions, the cable
parameters (length, type) may result in the capacitance being sufficient to create ferroresonance under single
phase switching conditions. Single phase switching conditions occur when operating single phase HV switches
or HV drop-out fuse units.
Whilst there are other methods of controlling ferroresonance, the use of ganged 3-phase HV switching is one
of the most effective and commonly used methods of avoiding it. This is why 3- phase HV switching is the
standard adopted by Evoenergy. For further detail refer to Evoenergy document PO07177 – “Ferroresonance
Causes and Mitigation”.
5.9 Communication
Building a smart grid involves transforming the traditional electricity network by adding new, smart technology.
It includes field installed smart sensors, field automation, new back-end IT systems, and a communications
network. Smart grids provide instant information (data) about the network to make it more efficient through
faster fault location and preventive maintenance and to help reduce interruptions, support more renewable
energy and give Evoenergy greater control over its Network.
5.9.1.1 SCADA / Reliability Considerations:
Remote monitoring or operability must be considered in the following circumstances -
Approximately 500 customers or more between remote switching points along trunk or branch of
feeder
Restricted or limited access to network
Planned Open Points between feeders OR areas where 3 HV Feeder to be connected.
First point out of the Zone Substation (after long HV cable or line run)
Any P1 or P2 high priority customers as per PO07273 Network Emergency Response section 2.1.2
Near known unreliable part of the network and/or worst performing HV feeders.
Highly utilised switchgear
On any feeder which is targeted for FLISR (Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration)
The Project/Design Engineer must liaise with the Planning team and System Control to identify remote
operability requirements, information on unreliable network and/or worst performing HV feeders during
preparation of design.
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6. DESIGN PROCESS
6.1 General
The design process is iterative. The designer initially assumes certain pole positions, pole lengths, pole top
constructions and conductor stringing tensions. The design is then analysed and adjusted, sometimes several
times over, until an optimum design arrangement is obtained. The final design should be one that:
Is economical (considering the whole-of-life cost), which usually means keeping structures to a
minimum number, and of an economical size
Meets all applicable technical and regulatory standards (e.g. Voltage drop, current capacity,
adequate clearances, not mechanically overloaded)
Meets all safety and environmental standards
Is practical to construct, maintain and operate
Has adequate reliability for the intended purpose.
The design procedure is illustrated below in figure. Note that not all steps are required for every design, and
the order of the various steps may vary.
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6.2 Design inputs
The design inputs/parameters must be gathered before commencing design. These may consist of the
following: -
Power transfer
Voltage level
Line route including beginning and end points, clearances to other structures and vegetation, ground
profile
Number of circuits
Conductor type
Aesthetic, heritage, and environmental constraints/considerations
Planning requirements
Coordination with other authorities and services
Stakeholder requirements
Future developments
Land use and property owner requirements
Project reports, specifications, and requirements
Note: Use Poles & Wires software to determine items marked (*)
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6.5 Route survey and ground profile
Identify constraints and develop a survey plan for the selected route. Ground line profiling is required where
poles are to be positioned on undulating terrain. Ground line profiling may not be necessary for areas where the
ground level is relatively flat or has a consistent slope.
The route is broken into a number of sections of constant gradient. Slope distance and inclination are then drawn
to scale to produce the ground profile. Alternatively, ground profile data may be shown in tabular form, suitable
for computer entry. Slope and inclination can be converted to RL (reduced level) and chainage using
trigonometry. Relevant features such as trees, roads, gullies, fences & obstacles are also shown on the ground
profile. Note vertical scale is selected to exaggerate any slopes.
6.10Uplift
For structures located in gullies, they may go into uplift under cold conductor tension conditions. If this is
possible then the following possible remedial options must be considered: -
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Change the pole to a strain
Move the pole position
Reduce conductor tension
Increase pole height
Reduce adjacent pole heights if ground clearance allows
6.11Mechanical loads
Poles, crossarms, foundations, stays and conductors must be checked for the maximum loading (wind, snow and
ice) and the everyday condition of sustained load. If structure designs have not previously been assessed, then
they must also be checked for maintenance and construction loading.
Pole loading must be checked against pole capacity summarised in section 11 Poles. If capacity significantly
exceeds pole loading, then check next lowest pole strength. Alternatively, if pole capacity is insufficient, then
consider: -
Selecting stronger pole
Fitting a stay if space permits
Reduce conductor tensions for strain poles
In cases where the above options are unsuitable, consider adding a short slack span to an extra pole that can be
stayed.
6.13Design documentation
The following detailed design documentation package is required: -
Structure schedule
Conductor schedule (ruling span, sags, tensions)
Material and plant list
Single line diagram
Geographical plan
Design calculations
Foundation design
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Route plan and longitudinal profile
Crossing details
Construction plans (limitations, archaeological sites, outages)
Vegetation clearing
Legal approvals (Property details, wayleaves, and Easements)
Environmental documentation (typically endorsement from the Environmental team section)
6.13.1 Structure schedule
Structure chainage positions and deviation angles
Structure type and height data
Span length, wind span, weight span
Conductor tensions, vibration damper positions
Earthing and foundation requirements
6.13.2 Plan
The centreline of the line
All terrain features captured by surveys and mapping scans
All structure locations, structure types and heights
All roads, tracks, water courses, fences, clearance obstructions etc
Conductor stringing chart
6.13.3 Longitudinal profile
All structure locations, structure types and heights
Conductor sag profiles for maximum and minimum temperature conditions
Side slope constraints
Vegetation clearances where preservation measures are applied
6.13.4 Traceable design for verification
Technical review of the following main items is required before construction:
Electrical clearances
Adjacent span ratio
Uplift on structures (cold condition)
Structure ultimate and serviceability limit states
Special locations (exposure to EPR and EMF)
6.13.5 As-constructed documentation
As-constructed plans
Finalisation of legal requirements including easements
Erection of warning signs (e.g. water crossings)
Network data requirements (plant numbers, asset numbers, switching numbers, test results, actual
conductor rating)
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7. INTERFACE TO EXISTING NETWORK
7.1 General
This section outlines considerations and requirements when extending or modifying the existing overhead
power network. Careful consideration to how the existing network will interface to the new proposed network
must occur. The designer is responsible for providing all details in relation to this to the relevant stakeholders.
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Existing network conductors are sufficiently sized for existing and possible future network
demands
The installed stay is not under load
The network conductors are correctly tensioned
Sufficient ground clearance is maintained for Evoenergy, and/ or third-party assets attached to the
structure
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7.10Banned legacy constructions
This section outlines methods of construction which were previously acceptable construction in the
Evoenergy network, though must not be reinstated/ renewed.
7.10.1 Bare conductor bridging
Life extension and maintenance tasks that involve the disconnection of bare conductor bridging on Low
voltage circuits or 11kV tee off (multiple circuit) constructions, the bare bridging must not be reinstated.
CCT is the preferred bridging conductor for the 11kV and 22kV network.
Note: Bare conductor maybe used for 11kV and 22kV bridging on double termination constructions. Tee off
and double termination constructions where multiple crossarms are required must have CCT installed as the
bridging material.
Low voltage LV ABC of the appropriate size is the preferred material for low voltage bridges, however grey
flexible conduit maybe installed over the bare bridge as required.
7.10.2 Short 11kV cross arms
Short cross arms that were typically installed to the 11kV overhead network must be replaced with a current
standard cross arm.
7.10.3 Long unsupported bridges/ bonds
Legacy constructions that resulted in long electrical bonds must not be reinstated. A hazardous bridge is one
which has potential to contact a lower circuit or an object of different electrical potential or fall within 3.5m of
ground line should the bridge become loose. Bridges may become loose if a network connection fails.
Where hazardous length bridges are disconnected during a project, they must not be reinstated. The designer
should specify a bridging crossarm to which the bridging conductors are supported at an appropriate position
on the pole structure. Should the bridge become loose the support arm will limit the risk of the energised
bridge creating a hazardous scenario.
7.10.4 Existing network defects
Designers have opportunity to realise additional value when specifying new works. Designers should be aware
of existing defects inside the proposed work area and where possible address the defects through their design.
Where network defects are in existence in the vicinity of the works, consultation should occur with the Asset
Manager to confirm the scope of the works and provide opportunity to plan resources to repair defects whilst
the proposed works are under construction.
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8. ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CLEARANCE
8.1 General
Electrical design for an overhead line must consider following:
Conductor selection considering minimal losses, voltage drops, current carrying capacity, corona,
and audible noise levels. See Appendix H of AS7000 for details.
Power frequency, switching and lightning voltages
Electrical clearances
Selection of insulation
Lightning performance
Earthing. See Section 10 of AS7000 and Evoenergy earthing design manuals
Electric and Magnetic fields. See section 3.14 of AS7000
Overhead network apparatus must maintain enough physical separation from objects to reduce risk of injury and
increase network reliability.
Clearance requirements are outlined in drawings and documents referenced in this section and are available on
drawing viewer, policies, and procedures or by request to Network Standards.
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Tabled below are the typical standard constructions X and Y dimensions in consideration to equation
3.5 AS/NZS7000 considering a 0°line deviation:
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Minimum clearances between Evoenergy and third-party telecommunication cables must be
maintained in accordance with the below tabled documents:
DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
390-018 Clearance requirements between Evoenergy infrastructure and telecommunication
carriers cable installation
PO07218 Installation requirements for telecommunication equipment on Evoenergy assets
390-022 Third party microcell and antenna requirements radio frequency hazards minimum
clearance to ground
Third party microcell and antenna requirements bare overhead mains minimum
390-023
clearance requirements
390-024 Third party microcell and antenna requirements LV ABC construction required
minimum clearances
390-025 Third party microcell and antenna requirements isolation switch mounting
considerations fixed to Evoenergy structures
TABLE 11. REFERENCES RELATING TO NETWORK TELECOMMUNICATION ASSET CLEARANCES
DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY ZONE SUBSTATIONS IN ACT
3811-014 AND NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY GROUND ASSETS IN ACT AND
3811-015 NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY HIGH VOLTAGE UNDERGROUND
3811-016 AND OVERHEAD NETWORK ASSETS IN ACT
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY LOW VOLTAGE
3811-017 UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD NETWORK ASSETS IN ACT
3811-018 VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UG & OH TRANSMISSION LINE ASSETS IN ACT
3811-019 FALL IN HAZARDOUS VEGETATION IN ACT & NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY HIGH VOLTAGE UG & OH NETWORK
3811-020 ASSETS IN NSW
VEGETATION CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EVOENERGY LOW VOLTAGE UG & OH
3811-021 NETWORK ASSETS IN NSW
Where proposed works will encroach the existing vegetation at a distance less than that allowable in the
above-mentioned drawings the designer must seek all approvals and allow for the required resources to
resolve the clearance issues.
Proposed designs must minimise the ongoing costs of maintaining the network including activities in relation
to vegetation management.
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nearby structure. Clearance requirements in relation to the overhead network and swimming pools are
outlined in the drawing and document tabled below:
DRAWING/ DOCUMENT
TITLE
NUMBER
3832-020 Clearance Requirement for Swimming Pool from Electrical
Infrastructure
PO07127 Evoenergy Distribution Earthing Design Manual
TABLE 13. REFERENCE RELATING TO CLEARANCES TO POOLS
DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
392-43-06 Plant positioning guidelines pole top construction
392-43-07 Minimum bridging separations pole top construction
TABLE 14. REFERENCES FOR DETERMINING AMENDMENTS TO STRUCTURE GEOMETRY
8.10Stay clearances
Clearance is required between energised conductors and stay wires to prevent flashover and clashing. The
minimum separation under 500Pa wind is the phase to earth clearance from drawing 392-43-07:
85mm for LV
280mm for 11kV and 22kV
DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
392-41-20 Air navigation Overcrossing Marker Assembly
AS 3891.1 Air Navigation - Cables and Their Supporting Structures - Marking and Safety
Requirements
TABLE 15. AERIAL OVER CROSSING REQUIREMENTS
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8.12Railway crossings and line design within rail
corridor/ easement
Evoenergy does not maintain standardised pole constructions or design processes for railway crossings or for
any Evoenergy infrastructure to be constructed inside the rail corridor.
Railway corridor crossings should be avoided as far practicable. Should the need arise for overhead conductors
to cross or enter a rail corridor the designer must consult the Railway Managing Authority on the matter, as
varied standards apply to these sections of network.
Working in rail corridors requires specialised training and the hazards presented in these areas are not currently
managed by Evoenergy. The designer must consult with internal stakeholders to ensure the works maybe
completed and maintained by Evoenergy team members currently employed in the business.
At the time of drafting this document, UGL Regional Linx managed the Country Regional Network
(CRN). For further information refer to the Country Regional Network document CRN ET 002
Requirements for Electric Aerials Crossing CRN Infrastructure.
The responsible designer must ensure approval is sort from the Network Services Manager prior to progressing
the design beyond initial discussions with external stakeholders in relation to Evoenergy’s appetite to maintain
design and worker compliance of the crossing.
8.13Water crossings
Designer’s specifying network conductors that cross waterways must ensure the design process, specified
hazard mitigation controls and the proposed design meets the requirements and/or recommendations of
AS6947 Crossing of waterways by electricity infrastructure. Water crossings do not have a standardised
design process as each water crossing has varied hazards and designs should be done so in collaboration with
internal stakeholders. This approach should ensure that the asset is able to be constructed, maintained,
minimises risk of harm to people, maintains network reliability and has acceptable environmental impacts.
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8.14.3 Network configuration
EMF density increases with electrical current. Configuring the network in consideration to balancing
electrical loads will reduce potential EMF risk. As far as reasonably practical distribution substations should
be located centrally to the area the substation will typically supply to reduce the electrical current in the
conductors.
Maximum demand levels from existing substations should be reviewed when augmenting or modifying the
connected network. Where substations are unevenly electrically loaded, designers may have opportunity to
address the imbalance through the network augmentation design. This may be done so by requesting
construction teams to connect new single-phase services to a lightly loaded network phase.
8.14.4 Material/ standard construction selection
Selecting materials and construction types may reduce potential EMF risk. Opportunity especially exists in the
low voltage network where EMF is reduced by specifying bundled conductor. The positioning of adjacent
unlike phase conductors reduces the combined EMF produced. Typically, the closer conductors are to one
another the lower the EMF produced.
Reduced interphase clearances on the 11kV and 22kV are unable to be achieved by selecting Evoenergy
standard cables. Reducing clearances between bare MV conductors increases the risk of mid-span clashing and
as such is not a viable solution to reduce EMF levels.
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9. CONDUCTORS
9.1 Conductor selection
Bare conductor selection consists of consideration of wire size, shape and material, electrical,
mechanical, environmental, and economic factors. Conductor selection involves the consideration of:
Electrical requirements for load and fault current ratings and joule losses.
Mechanical requirements including annealing, drag coefficient, operating temperature,
constructability (no bird caging or unravelling), permanent elongation, fatigue endurance,
conductor diameter, sag and strength relationship.
Environmental requirements for corrosion and lightning damage; and
Economic requirements for cost of losses, capital costs, load profile, interest rate, load growth,
inventory costs and construction costs (ratio of tension to suspension structures).
In general, the following standard conductors shall be used for new lines:
HV APPLICATION CONDUCTOR
Urban mains Neptune 19/3.25mm AAC
Rural mains Mercury 7/4.50mm AAC
Banana 6/1/3.75mm ACSR/GZ
Rural take offs Raisin 3/4/2.50mm ACSR/GZ
LV APPLICATION CONDUCTOR
Residential service LV 25mm2 2 core TW
Residential service LV 25mm2 4 core TW
Commercial service LV ABC 95mm2 4 core TW
Commercial service LV ABC 150mm2 4 core TW
TABLE 16. CONDUCTOR SELECTION
Only in special situations where standard conductors are not suitable other conductors may be used. For rural
areas, underground or covered conductor is required for bushfire mitigation. The following are possible
scenarios requiring non-standard conductors.
For rural where overhead must be used, Grape 30/7/2.50mm ACSR/GZ may be required for long span mains
and Imperial (3/12G SC/GZ no longer preferred) for long span, low current.
LV ABC is preferred for all LV. For LV where bare overhead must be used, Neptune 19/3.25mm AAC or
Mercury 7/4.5mm AAC may be used. Choose Neptune or Mercury based on current rating.
Copper conductors are not to be used for any new works and/or extensions.
No new, bare open wire LV conductors are to be installed in the Bushfire Abatement Zones (BAZ) or rural
areas. No bare LV conductors to be used in the first span from the Pole Substation for new designs.
CCT or CC cables may be considered for HV lines subject to Asset Strategy & Planning approval:
Near vegetation (present or future)
Where there is a likelihood of objects falling or blowing onto the mains, e.g. Tree branches, chains
Where wildlife may otherwise cause outages
Where mains are likely to be contacted by crane jibs, boat masts or other objects
For lines located near structures
Refer to drawing D204-0005 for details of standard overhead conductors, accessories, and interface
assemblies
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9.2 Conductor attributes
9.2.1 Electrical properties and ratings
9.2.1.1 Bare mains
CONDUCTOR SUMMER WINTER WINTER
MATERIAL TYPE STRANDING TEMP (°C) DAY (A) DAY (A) NIGHT (A)
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CONDUCTOR SUMMER WINTER WINTER
MATERIAL TYPE STRANDING TEMP (°C) DAY (A) DAY (A) NIGHT (A)
Notes:
Shaded values (75°C) are for new lines. Ratings at 50°C are for older lines.
Ratings are calculated for conditions shown below:
Notes:
Wind speed 1m/s normal to conductor, Emissivity of conductor: 0.5, Solar absorption
coefficient: 0.5
9.2.1.2 Covered conductors
Notes:
Conductor operating temperature 80°C for insulated cables, 40°C ambient, Wind speed
1.0m/s
9.2.1.3 Low voltage mains/ service cables:
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Notes:
150mm2 LV ABC is used for commercial/industrial service lines with max conductor
temperature 75°C.
Values are rounded to nearest 1A for values below 100, rounded to nearest 5A for values above
100.
Environmental Conditions:
Note: There are number of two-phase connections in ACT; in such cases blue phase is doubled up with neutral on
a 4-core service.
9.2.2 Mechanical properties
9.2.2.1 Bare mains
STRANDS NOM. NOM. MODULUS LINEAR
(NO./DIA.) CABLE BREAKING OF EXPANSION
CONDUCTOR CSA DIAMETER LOAD / UTS MASS ELASTICITY COEFFICIEN
MATERIAL Metric Imperial
NAME (MM2) (MM) (KN) (KG/M) (GPA) T (/ºC X 10-6)
(mm) (inches)
MERCURY 7/4.50 111.30 13.50 16.80 0.305 56 23
AAC (1350) NEPTUNE 19/3.25 157.60 16.25 24.70 0.433 56 23
WASP 7/0.173 106.19 13.18 16.46 0.290 59 23
APPLE 6/1/3.00 49.50 9.00 14.90 0.171 79 19.3
BANANA 6/1/3.75 77.31 11.30 22.70 0.268 79 19.3
6/4.75+7
CHERRY 120.40 14.30 33.20 0.404 76 19.9
/1.60
ACSR/GZ RAISIN 3/4/2.50 34.36 7.50 24.40 0.195 39 19.3
FERRET 6/1/.118 49.4 9.0 14.74 0.171 86 19.3
6/.186+7
DOG 118.5 14.15 32.5 0.396 83 19.9
/.062
WOLF 30/7/.102 194.9 18.13 69.2 0.732 80 18.4
3/.104
16.77 5.1 21.85 0.130 93 11.5
(3/12)
Steel Arial M6 3/2.75 17.82 5.93 22.20 0.139 93 11.5
SC/GZ
(Steel 7/2.00 21.99 6.00 27.40 0.177 93 11.5
– 7/.104
Galv.) 38.70 7.92 50.83 0.304 93 11.5
(7/12)
7/2.75 41.58 8.25 51.80 0.326 93 11.5
Steel Stay M10 7/3.25 58.07 9.75 72.30 0.460 11.5
Steel Stay M14 19/2.75 112.9 13.8 133 0.894 11.5
Steel wire
7/7/1.34 75 12 81.2 0.553 11.5
Rope M12
HDC 7/1.00 5.5 3 2.31 0.049 18 17
(Hard
7/1.25 8.59 3.75 3.61 0.769 18 17
Drawn
Copper) HDBC 17 7/1.75 16.84 5.25 6.89 0.151 18 17
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STRANDS NOM. NOM. MODULUS LINEAR
(NO./DIA.) CABLE BREAKING OF EXPANSION
CONDUCTOR CSA DIAMETER LOAD / UTS MASS ELASTICITY COEFFICIEN
MATERIAL Metric Imperial
NAME (MM2) (MM) (KN) (KG/M) (GPA) T (/ºC X 10-6)
(mm) (inches)
HDBC 22 7/2.00 21.99 6 9.02 0.197 18 17
HDBC 42 7/2.75 41.58 8.25 16.7 0.373 18 17
19/1.75 45.7 8.75 18.3 0.413 16 17
19/2.00 59.69 10 23.9 0.538 16 17
7/3.50 67.35 10.5 26.6 0.603 18 17
37/1.75 89 12.3 35.6 0.806 15 17
19/2.75 112.9 13.8 44.5 1.020 16 17
19/3.00 134.3 15 52.8 1.210 16 17
37/2.50 181.6 17.5 72.9 1.640 15 17
37/2.75 219.8 19.3 86.6 1.990 15 17
7/.064
14.5 4.87 6.1 0.131 24 17
(7/16)
7/.080
22.7 6.09 9.45 0.206 24 17
(7/14)
7/.104
38.4 7.92 15.78 0.348 24 17
(7/12)
19/.064
39.4 8.12 16.2 0.357 24 17
(19/16)
19/.083
66.3 10.54 26.97 0.603 24 17
(19/14)
19/.101
98.2 12.8 39.64 0.890 24 17
(19/12)
19/.116 129.6 14.73 51.72 1.175 24 17
37/.083
129.1 14.75 51.5 1.170 24 17
(37/14)
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9.2.2.3 Broadband communications cables
NOM.
CSA NOM. MODULUS LINEAR
BREAKING
CABLE OF EXPANSION
CONDUCTOR CATENARY LOAD / MASS
NETWORK DIAMETER ELASTICITY COEFFICIENT
UTS
NAME (MM2)
(MM) (KG/M) (GPA) (/ºC X 10-6)
(KN)
TransACT 1
7/2.00mm SC/GZ
Catenary 21.99 6 27.4 0.177 193 11.52
TransACT 1
7/2.00mm SC/GZ
Catenary 21.99 6 27.4 0.177 193 11.52
Catenary + Green
bundle 21.99 35 27.4 0.677 193 11.52
Catenary + Red
bundle 21.99 40 27.4 0.847 193 11.52
Catenary + Black
bundle 21.99 45 27.4 1.062 193 11.52
6/1/3.75mm ACSR
TransACT 2
Catenary 77.31 11.3 22.8 0.268 79 19.3
Catenary + Green
bundle 77.31 35 22.8 0.715 79 19.3
Catenary + Red
bundle 77.31 40 22.8 0.885 79 19.3
Catenary + Black
bundle 77.31 45 22.8 1.1 79 19.3
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SC/GZ (Steel Conductor Galvanised) is high strength but with high resistance. Consequently, it is used for
rural distribution. SC/GZ is also used for stay wires on highly loaded poles.
9.2.3.2 Conductor designations
Conductors can be identified by their material, e.g. AAC and stranding e.g. 7/4.5 which means 7 strands of
4.5 mm diameter, or by a unique name e.g. Mercury. Different sizes of conductor made of the same material
and often named in a series e.g. Australian AAC series are named after planets and Imperial AAC series are
named after insects. Australian ACSR series are named after fruit and the Imperial ACSR series are named
after animals.
For conductors made up of the same size strand, each layer has six more strands than the previous layer. All
conductors start as one central king wire, the first layer has 6 strands, the second layer has 12 strands, the third
layer has 18 strands and so on. Consequently, the overall diameter can be calculated as follows: -
7 strands are 3 times the diameter of a single strand
19 strands are 5 times the diameter of a single strand
37 strands are 7 times the diameter of a single strand
9.2.3.3 Insulated/ Covered conductor
Insulated/covered conductors are used in the following areas to prevent flashover:
Occasional contact with nearby vegetation
High incidence of animal contact
Bushfire prone requiring prevention of clashing
Insulated conductors have a metallic screen (e.g. HV cables used in UG/OH or HV dropper leads for Tx )
while covered conductor (e.g. HV CCT) does not. Consequently, covered conductor is not considered touch
safe.
9.2.3.4 Conductor ageing and thermal effects
Corrosion can reduce the effective cross section of conductors causing loss of strength and increased sag.
Different materials have different corrosion susceptibility, and this must be considered for industrial and marine
pollution. This is not expected to be a problem in the relatively clean environment of the ACT for the standard
conductors used.
If conductors are run at elevated temperatures they can be annealed when they cool down, losing strength and
increasing sag. Annealing effects are cumulative so the effects of overloads over time may cause excessive sag
and loss of Statutory ground clearance. Consequently, conductor maximum temperatures must be limited to
prevent excessive annealing over the life of the overhead line. To limit loss of strength to 3% for 1000hours
operation, bare Copper and Aluminium alloys should be limited to 100ºC maximum continuous operating
temperature.
For transient fault currents, the maximum temperature of common conductor materials should be limited
to the following temperatures: -
200 ºC for bare Copper, 160 ºC for Aluminium alloys, on the basis of annealing as these
materials lose 10% strength at 220 ºC and 210 ºC, respectively.
400 ºC of SC/GZ as Zinc melts at 420 ºC.
For LV ABC/covered conductors the maximum continuous operating temperature is limited by the polymeric
material to 80ºC. Insulated service lines are limited to 75 ºC due to the insulation.
9.2.3.5 Continuous current rating
The continuous thermal rating is calculated based on a steady state energy balance. In steady state, the
conductor temperature is constant, and the heat input is matched by the heat lost. Heating sources are direct and
indirect (reflected from the ground), solar radiation and joule heating (i.e. I2R). Heat is lost by convection and
radiation from the conductor surface. (Note that heat can also be lost
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by evaporation of rainwater, but this is not usually considered in the calculation.) Reference 7 explains all
aspects of conductor thermal rating.
The steady state thermal current rating of a conductor can also be interpreted as the maximum current
inducing the maximum steady state temperature for a given ambient condition. The heat balance equation can
be represented mathematically as: -
Pj + Ps = Pr+ Pc
Where the heat gain terms are Pj which is the joule heating due to the resistance of the conductor and Ps is the
solar heat gain. The heat loss terms are Pc which is natural and forced convection cooling and Pr is the radiation
cooling. Note that joule heating is I2 R, and the above equation is solved for current.
Following figure shows the heating and cooling effects on a conductor:
Typically, weather data is analysed to determine an ambient temperature/wind speed pair of values that have a
low probability of being exceeded. The dominant parameter is wind speed. The traditional wind speed used was
2 ft/second (i.e. 0.6 m/s). Generally, wind speeds in the range 0.5 to 1 m/s are used. In the past, low maximum
operating temperatures such as 49ºC have been used resulting in negligible rating in summer. A high maximum
operating temperature needs to be used (e.g. greater
OFFICIAL (Ring-
than 60ºC) otherwise there is insufficient temperature rise to provide adequate current rating in summer.
9.2.3.6 Fault current rating
Fault ratings are calculated based on adiabatic heating. It is assumed that no heat is lost or gained during the
short period of the fault. All the fault energy (i.e. Joule heating I2R) goes into raising the temperature of the
conductor and no heat is lost by convection, nor radiation from the surface.
9.2.3.7 Voltage drop
Voltage drop along conductors due to load current must be checked to ensure it is within allowable range.
Refer to Clause 5.7. In certain situations, current flow direction can reverse e.g. due to photovoltaics and other
power sources. Voltage drop is due to current flow through not only resistance but also the reactance of
conductors.
9.2.3.8 Typical conductor maximum temperatures
Maximum operating temperature is a function of the acceptable level of tensile strength of the conductor. The
loss of tensile strength results to increase the sag. Typical conductor types and maximum operating and short
circuit temperatures are given in the AS7000 Table AA4.
9.3.1.2 ACSR
150-300 Rural 22
TABLE 26. ACSR
9.3.1.3 LV ABC
Note: AAC span, and tensions can also be applied to LV service lines.
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9.3.2 Stringing tensions limits
Conductor tension should be limited to prevent fatigue failures at attachment points. Recommended maximum
values are given in AS/NZS7000 Appendix Y, Table Y1, Conductor Everyday Load Horizontal Tension.
Tensions in Table Y1 are based on the average temperature of the coldest month as this is when the tension
will be highest. High tension reduces self-damping of the conductor and may allow excessive bending stress at
attachment points due to Aeolian vibration. Aeolian vibration occurs when low speed laminar wind flows
perpendicular to the conductor causing low amplitude (typically one or two diameters) vibration.
The maximum allowable tension is a function of the material in the conductor, the type of clamps and terrain.
For example AAC conductor base tension limit is 18% CBL. This increases to 20.5% with helical formed ties
with armour rods. If fully damped as well then, the tension limit increases to 27%CBL.
9.3.3 Creep allowance
Conductor creep allowances to be applied:
No allowance ≤10%CBL stringing tension
Subtract 15ºC for AAC >10%CBL stringing tension
Subtract 12ºC ACSR >10%CBL stringing tension.
9.3.4 Engineering notes
9.3.4.1 Mean equivalent span
The mean equivalent span (MES), also known as the equivalent span or the ruling span (RS), is defined as that
level dead-end span whose tension behaves identically to the tension in every span of a series of suspension
spans under the same loading conditions. Every 1km or less a strain structure should be installed. The ruling
span concept can only model a uniformly loaded section, that is, where identical wind and/or ice span exists on
all spans in the section.
It is assumed that the attachment point is free to move along the line and there is adequate travel to equalize the
tension in adjacent spans without transferring any longitudinal load onto the structure. In general, spans shorter
than the ruling span tend to sag more than predicted whilst spans longer than the ruling span sag less than
predicted at temperatures above the stringing temperature (assuming that the tensions were equal at the time of
stringing conductor).
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9.4.1.2 Maximum LV Bare mains line deviation
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10. POLES
10.1Pole selection
10.1.1 Low voltage structures
The low voltage overhead network is typically located on leased land and is often not readily accessible.
Due to restricted access and the 2003 bush fires, timber poles are not installed in backyards. Composite
fibre poles are preferred in backyards. Concrete is used for higher loads, where there is good access and
also in fire prone areas.
Concrete poles should not be installed in backyards due to the conductive properties of the structures.
For LV distribution lines, 9.5m long poles are typically specified. 11m long poles are used where
additional ground or inter-circuit clearance is required.
The noted unit assemblies detail the pole specification including hole placements. Note concrete poles and
composite fibre poles must not be drilled, should items need to be fit in locations to which holes are not
provided, pole bands maybe utilised.
10.1.2 Medium voltage structures (11/22kV)
12.5m long concrete poles are the standard pole height for 22kV and 11kV structures. 14m or 15.5m concrete
poles are used for HV where more clearance is required.
Non-conductive poles maybe specified as required where compliance to the Evoenergy earthing design manual
is not possible with a concrete structure. The use of non-conductive poles are not preferred due to the lower
cost of concrete poles and pole butt width of the approved non-conductive pole.
10.2Pole types
10.2.1 Pole material
Three main material types are used in the manufacturing as below.
Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) poles
Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) “Composite” poles
Fibre Reinforced Cement (FRC) poles
10.2.2 Hole pattern “Type”
Pole description states the word “Type”, where “Type” defines the hole pattern or number of through holes in
the X axis, Y axis, pole steps ferrules, earth ferrules that is uniquely specified in each pole part drawing, for
various purposes.
For example:
Type 1/1B hole pattern is suitable for LV circuits general assembly (mounting cross arms and
conductors).
Type 3/3C hole pattern is suitable for transformer mounting, and HV/LV circuits.
Type 4/4C/4S hole pattern is suitable for HV/LV general assembly and for mounting
switchgear (Recloser, Gas switch, Air break Switch, UG/OH)
Please refer to each pole part drawing for specific hole type details.
10.3Pole rules
If pole tip load increases by more than 1kN then the pole must be inspected, mechanically tested, or replaced.
Generally, service line loads that are slack strung (i.e., less than 2.5%) can be ignored. In
commercial/industrial areas with multiple larger size service lines, the service line loads must be included in
the design.
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There is no need to include wind on cross arms and small accessories as an allowance has been made in the
limit state tip load. However, wind loads on large accessories must be included (i.e. equal to or greater than
100kVA transformers).
10.4Pole–mounted switchgear
For general guidance on selecting an appropriate type of switch for application on the 11 kV and 22 kV
overhead distribution network, refer to Appendix 1.
Refer to table 31 below for data on pole mounted plant that can be used to calculate wind loads.
HORIZONTAL
OFFSET FACE SIDE WEIGHT ATTACHMENT
FROM POLE AXIS AREA AREA HEIGHT
PLANT ITEM (MM) (M2) (M2) (KG) (M)
100kVA TRFR 495 0.892 0.535 765 7.4
100A REG 330 2.106 1.264 1956 -
200kVA TRFR 412 1.029 0.617 1055 7.4
200A REG 330 2.38 1.428 2836 -
315kVA TRFR 439 1.206 0.724 1425 7.7
500kVA TRFR 480 1.243 0.75 1970 7.4
NGK Gas switch 650 0.53 0.81 110 8.7
INSULECT Gas switch 900 0.22 0.32 90 8.7
Schneider Recloser 690 0.43 0.4 128 6.7
Noja Recloser 1200 0.53 0.43 100 8.5
ABB Air Break Switch 0 0.59 0.41 100 10
TABLE 31. POLE MOUNTED PLANT
Notes:
Rural transformer attachment height is 7.55m from drawing D203-0001
TRFR is abbreviation for transformer
REG is abbreviation for regulator
Horizontal offset from pole axis is the horizontal distance from pole axis for the line of action of the
transformer weight
Face area is perpendicular to line
Side area is parallel to line
NGK Gas switch large side area is due to insulators and arresters
Weight for ABB Air break switch is approximate
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10.5Constraints on the use of certain poles
Following constraints are applicable to poles and may not be used in certain situation.
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11. FOUNDATION
11.1General
Standard footing details are as per the following Evoenergy drawings.
DRAWING
TITLE
NUMBER
D204-0014 OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, POLE FOUNDATION,
CONCRETE, FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT POLES
D204-0017 OVERHEAD, CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES, SA, POLE FOUNDATION, 9.5m
COMPOSITE POLES
Rule of thumb method of calculating the embedment depth of poles is based on 10% length plus 600mm.
AS/NZS 7000 and SA/SNZ HB331 state the mathematical formula to calculate the embedment depth based on
soil condition, effective width of footing, pole height and pole tip load.
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11.2.2 Serviceability limit state shear strength (cu)
The consistency of cohesive soils describes the ease with which the soil can be remoulded.
Consistency is described using the terms below.
In the field, consistency of soil may be assessed either by tactical means, or by measuring the undrained
shear strength by mechanical testing.
The shear strength of soil must be taken as not greater than 0.4fb, where fb is the value obtained from below
figure 6.
FIGURE 6. FIELD GUIDE TO CONSISTENCY FOR COHESIVE SOILS, AN EXTRACT FROM AS7000 TABLE L1
Note;
Further information on typical soil properties is available on AS/NZS 7000 Table L2 to Table L3.
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11.3Calculation of embedment depth
The embedment depth formular (see equation 2) can be derived by maintaining static equilibrium on the pole
(see figure 7).
FIGURE 7. FORCES ON FOOTINGS AND DIRECT EMBEDMENT FOUNDATION, AN EXTRACT FROM THE SA/SNZ HB331
FIGURE 10.3
EQUATION 2: DIRECT EMBEDMENT CALCULATION, AN EXTRACT FROM THE SA/SNZ HB331 EQUATION 10.3
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11.4Minimum embedment depths for Evoenergy standard poles
APPLICATION & POLE HORIZONT EFFECTIVE SOIL HOLE EMBEDM
HOLE TYPE HEIGHT AL FORCE HEIGHT STRENGTH WIDTH ENT
DEPTH
(m) Hr (kN) hr (m) (kPa) b(m) (m)
Notes;
Table 34 has been prepared from the equation 2, (equation 10.3 of the SA/SNZ HB331) for the
standard Evoenergy LV/HV poles. For the standard foundation drawings, see table 33.
Embedment depth is calculated based on horizontal forces on the tip of the pole (serviceability
strength, Hr), effective height above ground (hr), bearing strength of soil (fb) and effective width of
footing (b).
Bearing strength of soil (fb) is assumed as 150 (kPa).
Backfill material must be fine crushed rock (DGB20 road base) and must be compacted in layers
of not exceeding 200mm, for the effective width of footing (b) to be assumed as the hole width.
The depths include the additional 0.2m to allow for soil shrinkage in the groundline zone.
Additional moment created by weight of switchgear is considered within the calculated
“Overturning moment action on pole (M)” for Substation Pole “ HV/LV-Type 3/3C” and for
Switchgear Poles “HV/LV-Type 4/4C/4S”.
Where the bearing strength of soil is “Soft” or “Very soft” (see figure 5), alternative footing design
must be considered to either increase the embedment depth or use a different backfill material to
strengthen the footing such as concrete encasement.
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12. STAYS
12.1General
Free standing poles of higher strength are preferred over poles with stays.
Stays are required when the applied tip load is greater than the serviceability limit of the pole,
recommended embedment depths cannot be achieved, and soil strength is less “firm’’.
Following Stay options are available.
Conventional ground stay
Head or aerial stay
1.2m long sidewalk stay
2.4m long sidewalk stay
12.2Ground stays
Ground stays are preferred over aerial, and sidewalk/footpath stays. Standard angle is 45° to the ground. Where
space is reduced, maximum angle is 60° to the ground. Note that the tension in the stay increases with angle to
the ground. Stays should be attached to the pole close to the conductor load attachment point. It is preferred that
there are no stays installed in backyards however stays may be installed where footing or tip loadings are
exceeded with the no stay design option or where additional tip loadings require stay installation to allow the
overhead line design to remain compliant
For new lines, poles that are stayed should be rated for half the applied tip load under wind conditions, if
practicable. (This may not be practical on tight strung rural lines.)
12.3Aerial stays
Aerial stays should be installed where the use of a ground stay is not suitable. Aerial stays are often required
where the use of a ground stay would block a thorough fare used by vehicles (e.g. a road or driveway). If the
aerial stay is attached to two Evoenergy structures with energised assets installed the installation of at least two
stay insulators is required.
12.4Sidewalk stays
Sidewalk stays should only be specified where necessary. The sidewalk stay has little ability to effectively
counter horizontal forces applied to the pole structure. For this reason, they should only be specified where
there is very limited space, the resultant conductor load transferred to the pole is small and the installation of a
ground stay is not possible. The 2400mm sidewalk stay strut is preferred over the short 1200mm strut.
M12 wire rope is the preferred stay wire. This product is more easily installed and reduces risk of injury to
construction team members. 19/2.75 should be specified only where necessary, this product is heavy and is
hard to bend.
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A serviceability reduction factor of 0.4 has been applied to the minimum calculated breaking loads to allow for
the reduction of product strength observed over a long period. The serviceability factor is appropriate due to the
friction point where the guylok and stay wire connect.
Where appropriate, a strength reduction factor of 0.8 is recommended by the AS7000.
12.5.1 Stay insulator requirements
Stay insulators must be provided to all stays regardless of construction types. The position of the stay insulator
must be so that should the stay lose tension that the stay section connected to pole is electrically separated to the
lower section. The resting/ broken stay wire must have the insulator positioned at least 2700mm above ground
line.
The stay insulator electrical rating must be specified for the greatest circuit voltage on the structure (i.e. a
mixed 11kV and 240V structure must have an insulator of at least 95kV BIL- suited to the 11kV network). The
fixed position of the stay and the network conductors does not limit the need of an insulator to be installed in
the stay.
D204-0033 Sidewalk Stay, Vertical footing, platypus K60 anchor type, with M12 steel rope.
D204-0034 Standard ground stay at 45-60 deg; anchor to ground w/o/ footing, platypus K60
anchor type, with M12 steel rope.
D204-0035 Sidewalk Stay, Vertical footing, M20 stay rod anchor type, with M12 steel rope.
12.7Foundations/ footing
For both the stays wires options, a vertical footing is recommended with below anchor rods.
For the M12 SC/GZ stay, a vertical foundation is installed with the “Platypus” anchor which has a
proof load of 35kN. This proof load sets the maximum load on the stay and connections.
For the M14 19/2.75mm SC/GZ stay, a vertical foundation is installed with the M20 stay rod, square
washer, which has a minimum tensile strength of 95kN. Therefore, for a 45 deg stay, maximum stay
load is set as 67kN.
Following stay footing configurations are available, for the ground stays (45 to 60 deg) and sidewalk stays.
OFFICIAL (Ring-
FOR 19/2.75 SC STAY WIRE M12 STEEL WIRE ROPE
Tensile failing load of the anchor rod is 95kN “Platypus” anchor rod is load tested for
35kN
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Preferred installation angle for ground stays is 45º to the horizontal, maximum 60º. For
head, or aerial stays, maximum angle to horizontal is 30º.
The determination of the loadings considers the efficiency of the stay installed at the maximum
allowable tension. The stated kN values are that of the combined total horizontal resultant load applied
to the pole.
The stay must be specified to withstand the calculated resultant horizontal forces applied to
the pole structure. The designer must not consider that the pole structure will share the load. Should the pole
move for any reason (weak footing, wind loading, deflections etc) the full resultant load could be transferred to
the stay assembly.
STAY TYPE Θ F F
M14: 19/2.75 SC/ GZ M12: GZ/SC ROPE (PREFERRED)
(53.2KN MAX STAY TENSION) (32.4KN MAX STAY TENSION)
Aerial 10 52kN 31kN
Ground 45 37.61kN 22.9kN (=81 x 0.4 x cos 45)
Ground 60 26kN 16kN
TABLE 37. STAY LOADING
Notes:
θ is angle in degrees between stay & horizontal.
F is horizontal load on pole at stay attachment point in kN.
Designer must ensure a sufficient stay footing is installed to resist the applied loadings
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12.10.1 Calculation of stay tension
To calculate the tension that will be transferred to the stay wire the designer must consider the:
Proposed angle that the stay will be installed
The angle of the stay to vertical
The distance from the centre of the pole to the ground anchor
FStay = Ftip x Htip /D x Cosθ (Taking moments around the base of the pole)
Where:
FStay= Stay tension in kN
Ftip= Resultant horizontal loading, applied at tip in kN
Θ= Angle of stay to the vertical plane (measured from the end of the strut to the ground anchor)
Htip= Pole tip height above ground in m
D = Distance from ground anchor to centre of pole in m
12.10.2 Maximum pole tip loading
Formular:
Ft = Fs * D * COS(θ) /H
D = L + (H-L) * TAN(θ)
OFFICIAL (Ring-
M12 GZ/SC ROPE STAY, CBL OF 81KN WITH 0.4 SF (SAFETY FACTOR)
Fs (kN) 32.4 H (m) 10.5 L (m) 1.2
θ (deg) 5 10 15 20 45*
θ (deg) 5 10 15 20 45*
θ (deg) 5 10 15 20 45*
θ (deg) 5 10 15 20 45*
Note *: The angle 45 deg is included in this calculation table for the cross-reference purposes.
12.11Engineering notes
Stays should be positioned to achieve the most effective use of the stay’s strength. In particular, position stay
on outside of deviation angle so that it bisects the deviation angle. Keep angle between stay and ground in the
range 45° to 60°.
Stay insulators should be positioned such that the stay wire on the structure side of the stay insulator cannot be
accessed from the ground by workers or the general public when intact (minimum 2.4 metres above ground) or
when in a broken stay wire state and also positioned such to maximise the ability to insulate the stay to ground
in the event of a fallen conductor directly onto the stay. Ensure that stay wire insulators have a withstand rating
that exceeds line voltage are installed in stay wires. The stay insulator also prevents leakage currents from
corroding stay anchors.
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13. EARTHING
13.1General
Purpose of an overhead earthing system, earth down leads, grading rings is to ensure that the following
objectives are addressed.
Protective equipment will operate in a faulted situation,
For the reliable operation of network (lightning performance online)
Provide conductive / low resistance path to for the fault current
Control step and touch potential
Avoid damages to switchgear and properties For
further details, refer to Section 10 of AS7000
13.3Reference manual
Refer to PO07127: Distribution Earthing Design Manual
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14. OVERHEAD LINE ACCESSORIES
14.1General
Overhead line accessories must comply with relevant Australian Standards.
AS 1154.2 Insulator And Conductor Fittings for Overhead Power Lines - Dimensions
Insulator And Conductor Fittings for Overhead Power Lines - Performance and
AS 1154.3
General Requirements for Helical Fittings
Insulators - Porcelain and Glass for Overhead Power Lines - Voltages Greater Than
AS/NZS 2947.2
1000 V AC. - Characteristics
Polymeric Insulators for Indoor and Outdoor Use with A Nominal Voltage > 1000 V
AS 62217
- General Definitions, Test Methods and Acceptance Criteria
14.2Insulators
Insulator is required to withstand both electrical and mechanical stresses applied to it over the lifetime.
There are three types of overvoltage electrical stress which can occur in overhear powerlines are:
Lightning induces
Switching surges, ferroresonance
Power frequency overvoltage
Mechanical stress includes, Tensile, compressive or cantilever loading from conductor tension and weight.
According to the Australian Bureau of meteorology Canberra typically experiences lighting events as below:
Over voltages can be damaging to the overhead and underground network assets. Overvoltage stresses
the electrical insulation of the network which may lead to premature failure.
For further details, refer to AS7000 Appendix P “Insulation Guidelines”
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14.3Surge arresters
Surge arrester is used in the overhead network to improve the network reliability and protection of the valuable
assets including below:
Protect pole substations
Protect UG/OH, underground to overhead network connections
Protect covered conductors from failure
Improve lightning outage rate
Protect Switchgear i.e., Air Break Switches, Gas Load Break Switches, Vacuum Switches
For the Surge Arresters specified to be used in the Evoenergy network, refer to PO07392 Technical
Specification - 11kV and 22kV Surge Arresters
14.4Cross arms
Standard cross arm material is composite fibre. Application of cross arms: -
100mm x 100mm x 1.7m for LV intermediate poles. Drawing D104-0003.
100mm x 100mm x 2m for HV intermediate poles. Drawing D104-0054.
125mm x 125mm x 2m for HV strain/termination poles. Drawing D104-0031.
125mm x 125mm x 2.7m for HV recloser links. Drawing D104-0119.
Cross arm strength limits are as follows: -
Notes:
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Thimbles must be installed to all overhead conductors when terminating to disc and long rod
insulators.
Terminating cables to LV shackle insulators and stay insulators need not utilise thimbles.
Preformed line ties must be installed over Armour rods on all HV inline constructions with line
tension. (Urban/ Rural, except slack spans)
Hand ties should be installed for 11/22kV bridging as required, where no line tension is
present. (slack)
Hand ties are required to be installed for all low voltage and 11/22kV copper pin / straight
through constructions.
Evoenergy documents relating to conductor fixing selection and hand ties are tabled below:
14.7Vibration dampers
Designers should allow for the installation of dampers to reduce the risk of asset damage due to aeolian
vibration where required. Aeolian vibration occurs when wind passes over the conductor, which creates
vortices (eddies) on the back side of the conductor.
Spiral vibration dampers (SVD) must be installed at each end of the span in the following
circumstances:
In rural areas
Where the spans exceed 100m.
Where conductor tension exceeds 10%
Where the spans exceed 240m, two SVDs are required at each end of the span.
Refer to drawing D204-0001 and 3810-001 for spiral vibration damper selection and installation details.
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LOW VOLTAGE SPREADER- NETWORK REQUIREMENTS
3812-001 Criteria for the use of LV spreaders
D204-0001 Conductor fittings, deadends, splices, armour rods, ties, SVDs, guyloks, clevis
thimbles and spreader rods
14.9Aerial markers
There are two situations where aerial markers are required: -
Two poles back on a distribution line either side prior to the line traversing a transmission line.
Helicopter pads, airstrips and when the ground clearance or conductor length exceeds AS3891
requirements e.g. deep valleys.
Where there is potential for aircraft strike to longer spans in deep valleys, markers are required. E.g. rural
lines subject to helicopter patrols.
For air navigation overcrossing marker installation rules refer to drawing 392-41-20.
Permanent design marking of overhead conductors and their supporting structures should be undertaken in
accordance with AS 3891.1-2008: Air navigation - Cables and their supporting structures - Marking and safety
requirements - Permanent marking of overhead cables and their supporting structures for other than planned
low-level flying. This is generally a design requirement around airports and helicopter landing strip or where
conductors traverse a valley and heights above the tree canopy. Where low-level flying is undertaken e.g. line
patrols, then AS3891.2 should also be used.
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FIGURE 8. SPACING OF INDICATOR FLAGS
Install insulated matting and ‘tiger tails’ at the point of attachment and over the overhead service lines before the
work commences.
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15. SWITCHGEAR
15.1General
This section provides general guidance to the designers and other relevant personnel on the application of
switches on the overhead 11 kV and 22 kV network.
The following principles should be applied when selecting an appropriate type of switch for application on a
distribution overhead feeder.
Generally, the switching devices to be used on the overhead distribution network will have switching
functionality as stated below. However, each design and application should be consistent with switch capability
and therefore needs to be confirmed by reference to the detailed switch specification.
Any switch that will be installed as a normally open point must be specified in consultation with the Planning
group.
Switchgear must comply with PO07399 - Technical Specification – Overhead Switchgear.
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DRAWING BRIEF APPLICATION CONDITIONS
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
OFFICIAL (Ring-
For gas switches and reclosers, remote operation/monitoring should be installed only if the additional
cost can be justified (e.g. through Service Target Incentive Scheme, savings in cost and switching time
etc)
The above principles provide general guidance. However, in specific circumstances a departure
from the above principles may be justified. Additional information and guidance should be sought
from the Standards Section
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VERSION CONTROL
VERSION DETAILS APPROVED
5.1 Minor updates to sections 4.1, 4.11, 4.12, 9.2, N. Azizi; W. Cleland; 21/11/2023
9.5, 10.2, 11, 13.2, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7 and 15.4.
by M. Senanayake, J. Primmer.
DOCUMENT CONTROL
DOCUMENT OWNER DOCUMENT CUSTODIAN PUBLISH DATE REVIEW DATE
OFFICIAL (Ring-
APPENDIX A – O/H NETWORK LEGACY DRAWINGS
DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-2-00 POLE GUY CONNECTION DETAILS FOR WOOD POLES
392-2-01 POLE STAY DETAILS FOR CONCRETE AND TIMBER POLES
392-2-02 POLE STAY CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSACT WORK
392-2-03 POLE GUY CONNECTION DETAILS PLATIPUS STAY FOR CONCRETE POLES
392-2-04 SIDEWALK STAY ASSEMBLY
392-36-01 HAND TIE DETAILS FOR OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS (CURRENT DRAWING)
392-36-02 HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR TOP TIE APPLICATION
392-36-03 HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR SIDE TIE APPLICATION
392-36-04 HAND TIE DETAILS FOR LV OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND HV OVERHEAD
BRIDGING
392-36-05 CONDUCTOR TO INSULATOR TIES APPLICATION SELECTION
392-41-00 11KV WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-01 11KV ANGLE POLE ‘S’ STRAP ASSEMBLY
392-41-02 11KV DOUBLE TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-03 11KV INLINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 90 TAKE OFF
392-41-04 11KV DOUBLE STRAIN WITH LINKS ON WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-05 11KV & LV INLINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-06 11KV DOUBLE STRAIN WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH LV ‘S’ STRAP
392-41-07 11KV & LV DOUBLE TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-08 11KV LINK WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH LV THROUGH LINE ASSEMBLY
392-41-09 11KV DOUBLE TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-10 11KV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-11 11KV CONCRETE POLE WITH DOUBLE STRAIN LINK ASSEMBLY
392-41-12 11KV CONCRETE ANGLE POLE WITH ‘S’ STRAP ASSEMBLY
392-41-13 11KV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 90 DEGREE TAKEOFF
392-41-14 11KV TWIN CIRCUIT INTERMEDIATE WOOD POLE
392-41-15 11KV TERMINAL WOOD POLE VERTICAL ARRANGEMENT
392-41-16 11KV TWIN CIRCUIT SINGLE TERMINATION WOOD POLE
392-41-17 11KV TWIN CIRCUIT STRAIN WOOD POLE
392-41-18 BIRD FLASHOVER/ BUSHFIRE MITIGATION CONSTRUCTION 11KV CONCRETE
POLE
392-41-20 AIR NAVIGATION OVERCROSSING MARKER ASSEMBLY
392-41-21 NULEC RECLOSER WOOD POLE MOUNTED WITH LV EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLY
OFFICIAL (Ring-
DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-41-25 11KV AND LV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-26 11KV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH DROP OUT FUSES ON 90
DEGREE TAKE OFF
392-41-28 11KV DOUBLE STRAIN CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-41-30 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF RECLOSER WITH LOADSIDE UGOH
CONNECTION
392-41-31 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CROSS ARM APPLICATIONS
392-41-32 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CROSS ARM APPLICATIONS
392-41-33 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-34 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN/PIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-35 11/22KV HARDWOOD CROSS ARM ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE AND WOOD
POLES
392-41-36 11/22KV COMPOSITE FIBRE CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE
POLES
392-41-37 11/22KV COMPOSITE FIBRE CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE AND
WOOD POLES
392-41-38 11KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-39 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-40 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CROSS ARM APPLICATIONS
392-41-41 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CROSS ARM APPLICATIONS
392-41-42 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS INLINE INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-43 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR CONCRETE POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-44 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN/PIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-45 22KV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS STRAIN INSULATOR
ASSEMBLIES FOR WOOD POLE TOP APPLICATIONS
392-41-46 11kV NULEC RECLOSER CONTROLLING POLE MOUNTED REGULATORS
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
392-42-00 LV IN LINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-01 LV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-02 LV ANGLE POLE S STRAP ASSEMBLY
392-42-03 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-04 LV IN LINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 90 DEGREE TAKE OFF
392-42-05 LV LINE DEVIATION CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
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DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-42-06 TEMPORARY SUPPLY FOR OVERHEAD NETWORK
392-42-07 LV DOUBLE STRAIN WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 80 DEGREE MAXIMUM
DEVIATION
392-42-08 LV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-09 LV CONCRETE ANGLE POLE 'S' STRAP ASSEMBLY
392-42-10 LV CONCRETE TERMINATION POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-11 9.5 8KN. TAPERED OCTAGONAL GALVANISED STEEL POLE.
392-42-12 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-13 LV INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 90 DEG TAKE OFF
392-42-14 LV INLINE STEEL POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-15 LV TERMINATION STEEL POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-16 LV DOUBLE STRAIN STEEL POLE ASSEMBLY WITH ISOLATING LINKS
392-42-17 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION STEEL POLE ASSEMBLY
392-42-18 LVABC INLINE & LVABC INLINE TEE-OFF ASSEMBLIES
392-42-19 LVABC INLINE ASSEMBLY
392-42-20 ASSEMBLY REQUIREMENTS FIBREGLASS POLES
392-42-21 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV
CONCRETE POLES
392-42-22 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR HV
CONCRETE POLES
392-42-23 LV HARDWOOD BRACKET MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV AND
HV CONCRETE POLES
392-42-24 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV
COMPOSITE FIBRE POLES
392-42-25 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV STEEL
POLES
392-42-26 LV HARDWOOD BRACKET MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV
STEEL POLES
392-42-27 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR LV WOOD
POLES
392-42-28 LV HARDWOOD KINGBOLT MOUNTED CROSSARM ASSEMBLIES FOR HV WOOD
POLES
392-42-29 LV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS FOR HARDWOOD CROSSARM
APPLICATIONS
392-42-30 LV OVERHEAD INSULATOR ASSEMBLY DETAILS FOR COMPOSITE FIBRE
CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
392-43-01 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR HARDWOOD CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
392-43-02 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR WOOD POLE APPLICATIONS
392-43-03 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONCRETE & COMPOSITE FIBRE POLE
APPLICATIONS
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DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-43-04 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR COMPOSITE FIBRE CROSSARM APPLICATIONS
392-43-05 OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BOLT AND WASHER
ARRANGEMENTS FOR STEEL POLE APPLICATIONS
392-43-06 PLANT POSITIONING GUIDELINES POLE TOP CONSTRUCTION
392-43-07 MINIMUM BRIDGING SEPARATIONS POLE TOP CONSTRUCTION
392-43-10 POLE SLEEVE INSTALLATION
392-51-00 11KV STRAIGHT THROUGH JOINT FOR 3/C 11 PLY SW.PVC CABLE
392-51-01 11KV XLPE INSULATED SINGLE CORE CABLE INDOOR HEAT SHRINK
TERMINATIONS
392-51-02 CABUS 11KV OUTDOOR SEALING ENDS CABLE STRIPPING AND ASSEMBLY
392-51-03 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION IN LINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-51-04 11kV UG/OH CONNECTION THROUGH LINE LINK WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY
392-51-05 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION IN LINE WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH LV
THROUGH LINE ASSEMBLY
392-51-06 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION INLINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-51-07 11kV UG/OH CONNECTION THROUGH LINE LINK WITH LV THROUGH LINE
ON INLINE WOOD POLE
392-51-08 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION THROUGH LINE LINK ASSEMBLY OPTION 1
392-51-09 11KV UG/OH CONNECTION INLINE POLE ASSEMBLY OPTION 1 OPTION 1
392-51-10 11KV IN LINE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH 9O DEG TAKE OFF AND UG/OH
CONNECTION
392-51-11 11kV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
AND LV INLINE
392-51-12 11kV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
THROUGH LINK ASSEMBLY
392-51-13 11KV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
THROUGH LINK ASSEMBLY
392-51-14 11KV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
AND LV IN LINE OPTION
392-51-15 11KV TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH
CONNECTION & LINKS
392-51-16 11kV IN LINE CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION AND
LINKS
392-51-17 11kV TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH UG/OH CONNECTION
THROUGH LINK ASSEMBLY
392-51-18 11kV UG/OH SURGE DIVERTER CONNECTION AND EARTHING CONNECTION
DETAILS
392-51-19 11kV TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-51-20 CONNECTION DETAILS OVERHEAD SWITCHGEAR
392-51-21 11kV UG/OH CONCRETE AND TIMBER POLE CABLE TERMINATION
ASSEMBLY
DRAWING # DESCRIPTION
392-51-22 11kV ISOLATING LINKS ON HV POLES GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS AND
MINIMUM SEPARATIONS
2023 • PO07132 • V5.1 8
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392-54-03 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT NEW ZEALAND INSULATOR SEALING ENDS
392-61-00 SINGLE POLE SUBSTATION FOR CONCRETE POLES
392-61-01 SINGLE POLE TERMINATION SUBSTATION ASSEMBLY FOR CONCRETE POLES
392-71-08 11kV AIR BREAK SWITCH WITH LINK STICK OPERATION ASSEMBLY
392-71-09 MOUNTING BRACKET FOR LINK STICK OPERATED AIR BREAK SWITCH
392-71-10 MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT FOR 11kV & 22kV NGK GAS SWITCH & UG/OH
CONNECTION ON DOUBLE STRAIN CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY
392-71-11 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT UG/OH WITH GAS SWITCH 11kV AND 22kV
392-72-00 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION WOOD POLE ASSEMBLY WITH ISOLATING LINKS
392-72-01 LV DOUBLE TERMINATION CONCRETE POLE ASSEMBLY WITH ISOLATING
LINKS
392-72-02 LVABC DOUBLE STRAIN & LVABC DOUBLE STRAIN WITH LINKS
ASSEMBLIES
392-73-01 TYPICAL HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE EXPULSION DROPOUT FUSE
(DOUBLE VENTING)
392-73-03 S&C POWER FUSE TYPE SMD 20 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & MOUNTING
392-73-04 S&C TYPE SMD-20 BORIC ACID DROPOUT FUSE ASSEMBLY
392-73-05 S&C TYPE SMD-20 FUSE BASE WITH SMU-20 FUSE UNIT EXPLODED VIEW
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