SCIENCE REVIEWER

EM WAVES
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
● SHORTER WAVELENGTH = HIGHER FREQUENCY AND ENERGY
● LONGER WAVELENGTH = LOWER FREQUENCY AND ENERGY

TYPE OF EM DEFINITION/USES
WAVE

RADIO A radio basically captures radio waves that are transmitted by radio
stations. TV/mobile communication

MICROWAVE This type of radiation is found in microwaves and helps in cooking

at home/office. It is also used by astronomers to determine and
understand the structure of nearby galaxies and stars.

INFRARED It is used widely in night vision goggles.

VISIBLE Visible light can be detected by our eyes.

ULTRAVIOLET The Sun is the main source of ultraviolet radiation. It causes skin
tanning and burns. Hot materials that are in space also emit UV
radiation.

X - RAY X-rays can be used in many instances.Medical or Security

 GAMMA RAY It has a wide application in the medical field. (cancer therapy etc.)
Gamma-ray imaging is used to see inside our bodies.

COMPUTATION FOR THE WAVELENGTH

All EM waves can travel through a medium but unlike other types of waves, they can
travel to the vacuum. It has a speed of 3x10 ^8 m/s and denoted c as speed of light.

Formula: v= λf

Where: v is the waves speed

λ is expressed in meters
f is expressed in hertz
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
● What is the frequency of radio waves with a wavelength of 20m?

Given: v= 3x108 m/s f= 15,000,000 Hz or

λ=20m 1.5x10^7
f= ?
Formula: f = v / λ

Solution: f= 3x10^8 / 20m

IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING

RADIATION - An energy that moves from one place to another in a form that can be
described as waves.
RADIATION SOURCES:
● NATURAL (BACKGROUND) - Radiation including naturally occurring radiations
from outer space, the sun, the ground, and even from within our own bodies.
● MAN MADE - Ionizing and non-ionizing sources such as smoke detectors,
microwaves, cell phones and electrical power lines.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION - A form of energy that propagates as both
electrical and magnetic waves traveling in packets of energy called photons.
 IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING

Non-ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation

longer wavelength/lower frequency lower short wavelength/high frequency higher energy.

energy

Not strong enough to directly affect the Can penetrate the human body and the radiation
structure of atoms or damage DNA; energy can be absorbed in tissue. This has the
however, it does cause atoms to vibrate, potential to cause harmful effects to people,
which can cause them to heat up. especially at high levels of exposure.
 LENSES AND MIRRORS

LENSES MIRRORS

● The only thing that makes it ● A mirror is a reflective surface

different is that the lens can also that bounces off light, producing
be made of other transparent either a real image or a virtual
materials like plastics that allow image. When an object is placed
light to pass through, instead of in front of a mirror, the image of the
bouncing the light rays off. same object is seen in the mirror.
● Lenses come also in two types,
namely: convex (converging) and ● Mirrors come also in three types,
concave (diverging) lenses. namely: plane mirror, convex
(diverging) and concave
(converging) mirrors.

REFLECTION - A change in direction of a light ray casting back or mirroring. Also refers
to image representation or a counterpart.

INCIDENT RAY - The ray of light approaching the mirror represented by an arrow
approaching an optical element like mirrors.

REFLECTED RAY - The ray of light which leaves the mirror and is represented by an
arrow pointing away from the mirror.

NORMAL LINE - An imaginary line that can be drawn perpendicular to the surface of
the mirror at the point of incidence where the ray strikes the mirror.

CONCAVE AND CONVEX MIRRORS

CONCAVE MIRROR CONVEX MIRROR

● Lenses are thicker at the ends ● Lenses are thicker at the middle
● Diverging lens ● Converging lens
● Negative focal points ● Positive focal points
● Diverging Mirror because the ● Converging Mirror because the
parallel incident rays diverge after parallel incident rays converge or
reflection. When extending the meet/intersect at a focal point after
reflected rays behind the mirror, reflection.
the rays converge at the focus
behind the mirror.
 MAGNETS

MAGNET - An object which is capable of producing magnetic field and attracting unlike
poles and repelling like poles.

ELECTROMAGNETS - consist of a coil of wire wrapped around the metal core made
from iron. When this material is exposed to an electric current, a magnetic field is
generated, making the material behave like a magnet. The strength of the magnetic field
can be controlled by controlling the electric current.

MOTORS AND GENERATORS

MOTORS GENERATORS

converts electrical energy to mechanical converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

energy.

Electric motor follows Fleming’s left-hand Electric generator follows Fleming’s right-hand
rule. rule.

current is supplied to the armature current is produced in the armature winding.

winding.

Ceiling fans, cars, etc. generators are used to generate electricity

The shaft of an electric motor is driven by The shaft of an electric generator is connected to
a magnetic force which is developed the rotor which is driven by a mechanical force.
between the armature and field

The working principle of a motor is based The working principle of the generator is based
on the current-carrying conductor that on electromagnetic induction.
experiences a force when it is kept in the
 magnetic field.

COMPILATION OF QUIZZES

1. What is true about infrared, visible light and ultraviolet rays?

A. Infrared energy is lesser than visible light, visible light energy is greater than ultraviolet ray,
ultraviolet ray is lesser than visible light
B. Ultraviolet rays is greater than visible light, visible light is lesser than infrared, visible light is
greater than infrared
C. Visible light is greater than ultraviolet rays, infrared is lesser than visible light, ultraviolet is
lesser than visible light
D. Infrared wavelength is lesser than visible light, visible light wavelength is lesser than
ultraviolet while ultraviolet is greater than visible light

2. Which of the following BEST describe the infrared, visible light and ultraviolet?

A. infrared refers to heat sensation, visible light triggers brightness and colors and
ultraviolet is undetectable by human eye.
B. Infrared is lesser than visible light, visible light is lesser than ultraviolet while ultraviolet is
greater than visible light
C. Infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light is a transverse wave that travels with the same
speed.
D. Infrared, visible light and ultraviolet are primary sources of all energy on earth.

3. What is the other term for infrared radiation?

A. Electromagnetic field
B. Illumination
C. Thermal radiation
D. UV radiation
4. Which of the following BEST describe the characteristics of the radio waves and microwave?

A. They travel at the same speed through air and vacuum whereas they are both
transverse waves.
B. Both radio waves and microwaves can be reflected, refracted, diffracted, and absorbed.
C. Radio waves have energy with the lowest frequency and microwaves have a little more
energy than radio waves.
D. The radio waves and microwaves can be absorbed in the ionosphere of the earth.

5. How can you describe the direction difference of radio waves and microwaves?

A. The nature and direction of both radio waves and microwaves are perpendicular to each
other
B. The radio waves can travel at any point of direction however, microwaves oscillate at a
single direction from point to point.
C. The radio waves and microwaves direction travels scattered into everywhere
D. The radio waves and microwaves direction are both unidirectional

6.How are the radio waves produced and detected?

A. The radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.
B. The radio waves were formed and detected by electrical circuits
C. It produced by the formation of electric field and magnetic field
D. It is generated artificially by an electronic device called a transmitter, which received
by another antenna connected to a radio receiver, which processes the received signal

7. What characteristics do gamma rays and x-rays have in common?

A. Gamma rays and X-rays can travel great distances at the speed of light and generally
have ability to penetrate materials.
B. These two electromagnetic waves propagate at a speed of 3x10^8 m/s in a vacuum.
C. Both Gamma rays and X-rays are electromagnetic waves
D. Gamma rays are used for image sensing while x-rays are used to sterilize things.

8.Which of the following describes the difference between the Gamma rays and X-rays in terms
of uses.
A. Both gamma rays and x-rays created by light emitted radiation
B. They are waves oscillates perpendicular to each other
C. X-rays and gamma rays are radiation produced by nuclear decay and machine using
electricity.
D. Gamma rays is commonly use in Sterilization and X-rays is use also for producing
extremely clear and detailed images
9. Which of the following is not an example of gamma rays?

A. Nuclear explosion
B. Pulsars and nebulae
C. Radiotherapy
D. Image Processing

10.Which of the following BEST describe the electromagnetic spectrum?

A. It was based on the frequency and wavelength of all electromagnetic waves.

B. A set of entire distribution of all Electromagnetic wave from the lowest to highest values of
radiation in the universe
C. It is a continuum of electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and
wavelength.
D. consists of much more than visible light. It includes wavelengths of energy that human eyes
can't perceive

11. High Frequency waves carry more energy than low frequency ones. Which of the EM waves
carries the highest? What about Lowest?

A. Visible light and Infrared

B. X-rays and Microwaves
C. Gamma rays and Radio waves
D.Infrared and Ultraviolet

12. What happens to the frequency and wavelength if the energy of the wave decreases?

A.Wavelength increases, frequency decreases

B.Wavelength increases, frequency increases
C.Wavelength decreases, frequency increases
D.Wavelength decreases, frequency decreases

13. Recalling what the EM spectrum looks like, how are you going to arrange the proper order of
EM waves from the following?

A. Visible light, Microwave, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma ray, Radio waves
B. Gamma ray, X-ray, Ultraviolet, Infrared, Visible light, Radio waves, Microwave
C. Radio wave, Microwave, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma ray
D. Microwaves, Radio waves, Visible light, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma ray
14. Which has the LONGEST wavelength and, therefore, the lowest frequency/energy?

A. Radio waves
B. Gamma rays
C. Visible light
D. Infrared

15. How electromagnetic waves greatly affect our planet?

A. Generating magnetic fields shields our planet from harmful solar flares.
B. Electromagnetic waves contribute to different technological advancement that
humanity made more useful.
C. Electromagnetic waves such ultraviolet waves sustain vitamin D in our body and improve
indoor air quality.
D. Visible light as electromagnetic waves helps us to see everything, without it it would be
nothing.

16.What EM wave can penetrate the atmosphere of the Earth and is the reason why it is being
used in satellite communication?

A. Radio wave
B. Infrared
C. Microwave
D. visible spectrum

17. What does the acronym of RADAR stand for?

A. Radio Detection and Receiving

B. Radio Diffraction and Redirecting
C. Radio Detection and Ringing
D. Radio Detection and Ranging

18. What kitchen appliance that also used microwaves in cooking and heating food?

A. Tanning bed
B. Oven toaster
C. Microwave oven
D. Radio signal
19.Which of the following is the application of radio waves?

A. Radiotherapy machine
B. Telephone
C. Prism
D. Spectroscopy

20.Which of the following BEST describe the interference in radio waves?

A. Interference occurs when unwanted radio frequency signals disrupt or cause

disturbance in the use of your television, radio or cordless telephone.
B. It is a presence of unwanted signals
C. interference refers to a weak signal
D. it is the act of improving the unwanted signals

21.The following are the uses of radio waves; which of the following does not belong to the
group?

A. Transmitting sound and television signals

B. Global satellites and communications
C. Transmission of data and Wi-Fi
D. Detecting thermal temperature

22. All of the following made use of gamma rays except one. Which is it?

A. treating tumors
B. treating cancer through the process called radiotherapy
C. sterilization of water in drinking fountains
D. sterilization of medical equipment

23.How does UV light exhibit its germicidal effect?

A. kills bacteria and viruses

B. heats up the bacteria and viruses
C. disrupts the reproductive abilities of bacteria and viruses
D. interferes with the respiratory processes of bacteria and viruses

24.What EM waves can penetrate through metals which can be used in airport security
scanners?

A. Ultraviolet rays
B. X-rays
C. Gamma rays
D. Infrared
25.Radiation can affect living and mechanical things on Earth as well as in space. Since the
early part of this century we have been aware that all radiation, including electromagnetic fields,
consists of particles. The more energy the particles of radiation transmit to living cells, the more
they can affect them. What is radiation?
A.It is ionized energy
B.It is charged particles that produce energy
C. It is energy that travels through space in the form of particles of electromagnetic waves
D. It is energy that produces particles that are invisible

26.Which of the following types of radiation is the most penetrating?

A. Alpha particles
B. Beta particles
C. Gamma rays
D. X-rays

27. Which of the following is NOT an example of non-ionizing radiation?

A. Ultraviolet
B. X-ray
C. Microwave
D. Visible light

28.which of the following refers to the point where the rays meet?

A. Principal axis
B. Vertex
C. Focal point
D. Refraction
29. What type of image is formed when rays of light actually intersect?

A. Real
B. Projected
C. Virtual
D. Curved

30.How does a concave lens differ from a convex lens?

A. A convex lens is another way to describe a plane mirror; a concave lens is curved
B. A convex lens has a thick center and thin edges, a concave lens has a thin center and thicker
edges
C. A concave lens is curved inward on both sides; a convex lens is on only one side
D. A convex lens has a thin center and thick edges. a concave lens has a thick center and
thinner edges

31.Based on the given picture, this ray diagram is for which mirror?

A. Concave
B. Plane
C. Convex
D. Window

32.The side view mirrors on your car help shrink the image on both sides of the car, allowing
you to see a larger field of view. What type of mirror is this?

A. Convex mirror
B. Concave lens
C. Convex lens
D. Concave mirror

33.Real image is an image that forms from converging light rays and are created when objects
are located outside the focal length of the converging lenses. Some of their characteristics
included that they always appear inverted, can be seen on a screen, and are formed from both
concave and convex lenses. Which of the following states the true characteristics of the real
image?
A. Always inverted
B. Can be obtained on screen
C. Can be larger or smaller than the object
D. All of the above
34.The following is a picture of what type of mirror?

A. Concave
B. Plane
C. Convex
D. Window

35.Kate, an astronomer at Michigan University from the film “Don’t look up” discovers an
unknown comet through what kind of optical instruments?

A. Telescope
B. Binocular
C. Microscope
D. Magnifying glass

36.which of the following is a type of mirror is used in supermarkets to see around bends

A. Plane mirror
B. Convex mirror
C. spherical mirror
D. diverging mirror

37.In which case or cases is electric field present?

I. a spark jumping between two nearby rods.
II. a charge that is momentarily at rest.
III. a rotating bar magnet

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

38.In which case can a magnetic field be produced?

A. a charge comb
B. a falling glass rod
C. a welder’s arch flash
D. a rolling plastic cylinder

39.Which device can be used to determine the polarity of an unmarked magnet?

A. a charged glass stirring rod
B. a gold-leaf electroscope
C. a sprinkle of iron filings
D. an improvised compass
40.How will you describe the magnetic field around a straight current-carrying wire?
A. the magnetic field is the strongest near and around the wire.
B. the magnetic field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire.
C. The magnetic field does not vary with the distance from the wire.
D. the magnetic field gets stronger with increasing distance from the wire.

41.Which statement about electromagnet is correct?

A. the electric field surrounding a battery-powered electromagnet alternates constantly.
B. the current in the electromagnet coil temporarily magnetizes the iron core.
C. The electric field strength is inversely proportional to the current.
D. the magnetic field lines produced are all straight.