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 Before dying, Raman told his students,
1. CV Raman
Do not allow the journals of the Academy
to die, for they are the sensitive indicators
of the quality of Science being done in the
country and whether science is taking root
in it or not.

2. Homi J. Bhabha

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman won the

Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 for his
pioneering work on scattering of light.
Born in Tiruchirapalli on November 7, Born on October 30, 1909 in Bombay,
1888, he was the first Asian and first non- Homi Jehangir Bhabha played an
White to receive any Nobel Prize in the important role in the Quantum Theory.
sciences. Raman also worked on the
acoustics of musical instruments. He was He was the first person to become the
the first to investigate the harmonic Chairman of the Atomic Energy
Commission of India. Having started his
nature of the sound of the Indian drums
scientific career in nuclear physics from
such as the tabla and the mridangam.
Great Britain, Bhabha returned to India
and played a key role in convincing the
He discovered that, when light traverses a Congress Party‟s senior leaders, most
transparent material, some of the notably Jawaharlal Nehru, to start the
deflected light changes in wavelength. ambitious nuclear programme.
This phenomenon is now called the
Raman scattering and is the result of the Bhabha is generally acknowledged as the
Raman effect. father of Indian nuclear power. But few
people know that he was absolutely
In October 1970, he collapsed in his against India manufacturing atomic
laboratory. He was moved to a hospital bombs, even if the country had enough
and the doctors gave him four hours to resources to do so. Instead he suggested
live. He survived and after a few days that the production of an atomic reactor
refused to stay in the hospital as he should be used to lessen India‟s misery
preferred to die in the gardens of his and poverty.
Institute (the Raman Research Institute in
Bangalore) surrounded by his flowers. He He died when Air India Flight 101 crashed
near Mont Blanc on 24 January 1966.
died of natural causes on 21 November
Many possible theories of the crash came
1970.
up including a conspiracy theory in which
the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is
involved in order to paralyze India‟s 4. Venkatraman
nuclear program.
Radhakrishnan
3. Visvesvaraya

Venkatraman Radhakrishnan was born on

Born on 15 September 1860, Sir May 18, 1929 in Tondaripet, a suburb of
Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was a Chennai. Venkataraman was a globally
notable Indian engineer, scholar, statesman renowned space scientist and a member of
and the Diwan of Mysore during 1912 to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
1918. He was a recipient of the Indian
Republic‟s highest honour, the Bharat He was an internationally acclaimed
Ratna. Astrophysicist and also known for his
design and fabrication of ultralight aircraft
Sir M V suggested that India try to be at and sailboats.
par with industrialized nations as he
believed that India can become developed His observations and theoretical insights
through industries. helped the community in unraveling many
mysteries surrounding pulsars, interstellar
He has the credit of inventing „automatic clouds, galaxy structures and various other
sluice gates‟ and „block irrigation system‟ celestial bodies. He died at the age of 81 in
which are still considered to be marvels in Bangalore.
engineering. Each year, his birthday 15
September is celebrated as Engineer‟s Day
in India.

Since river beds were costly, he came up

with an efficient way of filtering water
through „Collector Wells‟ in 1895 which
was rarely seen anywhere in the world.
5. S. Chandrashekar 6. Satyendra Nath
Bose

Born on October 19, 1910 in Lahore,

British India, he was awarded the 1983
Nobel Prize for Physics for his Born on January 1, 1894 in Calcutta, SN
mathematical theory of black holes. The Bose was an Indian physicist specialising
Chandrasekhar limit is named after him. in quantum mechanics. He is of course
He was nephew of CV Raman. Chandra most remembered for his role played in the
became a United States citizen in 1953. class of particles „bosons„, which were
named after him by Paul Dirac to
His most celebrated work concerns the commemorate his work in the field.
radiation of energy from stars, particularly
white dwarf stars, which are the dying Bose adapted a lecture at the University of
fragments of stars. He died on August 21, Dhaka on the theory of radiation and the
1995, at the age of 82 in Chicago. ultraviolet catastrophe into a short article
called “Planck‟s Law and the Hypothesis
of Light Quanta” and sent it to Albert
Einstein. Einstein agreed with him,
translated Bose‟s paper “Planck‟s Law and
Hypothesis of Light Quanta” into German,
and had it published in Zeitschrift für
Physik under Bose‟s name, in 1924. This
formed the basis of the Bose-Einstein
Statistics.

In 1937, Rabindranath Tagore dedicated

his only book on science, Visva–Parichay,
to Satyendra Nath Bose. The Government
of India awarded him India‟s second
highest civilian award, the Padma
Vibhushan in 1954.
7. Meghnad Saha 8. Srinivasa
Ramanujan

Born on October 6, 1893 in Dhaka,

Bangladesh, Meghnad Saha‟s best-known
Born on December 22, 1887 in Tamil
work concerned the thermal ionisation of
Nadu, Ramanujam was an Indian
elements, and it led him to formulate what
mathematician and autodidact who, with
is known as the Saha Equation. This
almost no formal training in pure
equation is one of the basic tools for
mathematics, made extraordinary
interpretation of the spectra of stars in
contributions to mathematical analysis,
astrophysics. By studying the spectra of
number theory, infinite series, and
various stars, one can find their
continued fractions.
temperature and from that, using Saha‟s
equation, determine the ionisation state of
By age 11, he had exhausted the
the various elements making up the star.
mathematical knowledge of two college
students who were lodgers at his home. He
He also invented an instrument to measure
was later lent a book on advanced
the weight and pressure of solar rays. But
trigonometry written by S. L. Loney. He
did you know, he was also the chief
completely mastered this book by the age
architect of river planning in India? He
of 13 and discovered sophisticated
prepared the original plan for the Damodar
theorems on his own.
Valley Project.
We hadn‟t known before that he faced a
lot of health problems while living in
England due to scarcity of vegetarian food.
He returned to India and died at a young
age of 32.

Ramanujan‟s home state of Tamil Nadu

celebrates 22 December (Ramanujan‟s
birthday) as „State IT Day‟, memorializing
both the man and his achievements.
9. Jagadish Chandra 10. Vikram Sarabhai
Bose

Acharya J.C. Bose was a man of many

talents. Born on 30 November, 1858 in
Bikrampur, West Bengal, he was a
polymath, physicist, biologist, botanist and Considered as the Father of India‟s space
archaeologist. He pioneered the study of programme, Vikram Sarabhai was born on
radio and microwave optics, made on 12 August, 1919 in the city of
important contributions to the study of Ahmedabad in Gujarat. He was
plants and laid the foundation of instrumental in the setting up of the Indian
experimental science in the Indian sub- Space Research Organization (ISRO),
continent. He was the first person to use when he successfully convinced the Indian
semiconductor junctions to detect radio government of the importance of a space
signals, thus demonstrating wireless programme for a developing nation after
communication for the first time. What‟s the launch of the Russian Sputnik, in this
more, he is also probably the father of quote:
open technology, as he made his
inventions and work freely available for There are some who question the
others to further develop. His reluctance relevance of space activities in a
for patenting his work is legendary. developing nation. To us, there is no
ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the
Another of his well known inventions is fantasy of competing with the
the crescograph, through which he economically advanced nations in the
measured plant response to various stimuli exploration of the moon or the planets or
and hypothesized that plants can feel pain, manned space-flight.
understand affection etc. But we are convinced that if we are to play
a meaningful role nationally, and in the
While most of us are aware of his community of nations, we must be second
scientific prowess, we might not be aware to none in the application of advanced
of his talent as an early writer of science technologies to the real problems of man
fiction! He is in fact considered the father and society.
of Bengali science fiction.
He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in
1966 and the Padma Vubhushan after his
death in 1972. While everyone knows of
his primary role in the establishment of 12. Har Gobind
ISRO, perhaps many of us do not know
that he was also the force behind the
Khorana
establishment of many other Indian
institutes of repute, most notably the
Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad (IIM-A) and the Nehru
Foundation for Development.

11. Salim Ali

Born on January 9, 1922 at Raipur village

in West Punjab (now in Pakistan),
Khorana was an Indian-American
biochemist who shared the 1968 Nobel
Prize for Physiology or
Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and
Robert W. Holley for research that helped
to show how the order
of nucleotides in nucleic acids, which
Sálim Moizuddin Abdul Ali, born on
carry the genetic code of the cell, control
November 12, 1896 in Mumbai, was an
the cell‟s synthesis of proteins.
ornithologist and a naturalist. Salim Ali
was among the first Indians to conduct
In 1970, Khorana became the first to
systematic bird surveys across India and
synthesize an artificial gene in a living
his bird books helped develop ornithology
cell. His work became the foundation for
in the sub-continent.
much of the later research in
biotechnology and gene therapy.
This Birdman of India was the key figure
behind the Bombay Natural History
How many are aware that the University of
Society after 1947 and used his personal
Wisconsin-Madison, the Government of
influence to garner government support for
India (DBT Department of
the organisation. He was awarded India‟s
Biotechnology), and the Indo-US Science
second highest civilian honour, the Padma
and Technology Forum jointly created the
Vibhushan in 1976.
Khorana Program in 2007? The mission of
the Khorana Program is to build a
seamless community of scientists,
industrialists, and social entrepreneurs in
the United States and India. Khorana died 14. APJ Abdul Kalam
of natural causes on November 9, 2011 at
the age of 89.

13. Birbal Sahni

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam,

born on October 15, 1931 is an Indian
scientist who worked as an Aerospace
engineer with Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) and
Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO).

Kalam started his career by designing a

small helicopter for the Indian Army.
Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR
committee working under Vikram
Born on November 14, 1891 in West Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist. In
Punjab, Sahni was an Indian paleobotanist 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian
who studied the fossils of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
subcontinent. He was also a geologist who where he was the project director of
took an interest in archaeology. His India‟s first indigenous Satellite Launch
greatest contributions lie in the study of Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully
the plants of India in the present as well as deployed the Rohini satellite in near
the historical context. earth‟s orbit in July 1980.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal He also served as the 11th President of
Society of London (FRS) in 1936, the India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam advocated
highest British scientific honor, awarded plans to develop India into a developed
for the first time to an Indian botanist. nation by 2020 in his book India 2020. He
has received several prestigious awards,
He was a founder of The Paleobotanical including the Bharat Ratna, India‟s highest
Society which established the Institute of civilian honour. Known for his love for
Palaeobotany on 10 September 1946 and children, did you know that Kalam had set
which initially functioned in the Botany a goal of meeting 100,000 students in the 2
Department of Lucknow University. Sahni years after his resignation from the role of
died on 10 April 1949 due to a heart scientific adviser in 1999? May he
attack. continue to inspire millions.
15. M.S Swaminathan
Swaminathan and
Agriculture Science
 In 1960, when India was facing
mass shortages of food, M S
Swaminathan along with Norman
Borlaug and other scientists
developed the HYV (high yielding
variety) of wheat and rice and
introduced to farmers under the
“Green Revolution”. It helped
making India self sufficient in food
grains.
 As the director general of the
Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR), he also mentored
Young agri scientist and expanded
the network of Krishi Vigyan
Kendras.
 He has been awarded Padma Shri
and Padma Bhushan for his
services.