AP210338

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS
BPC - BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT (CONSTRUCTION)

WITH HONOURS
IOT IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE : BPA20703
COURSE NAME : SISTEM MAKLUMAT PENGURUSAN
SECTION :4
PREPARED BY : HO ZE ZONG AP210338
SESSION : 2022/2023
NAME LECTURER : PUAN FAZIAN BINTI HASHIM
MARKS :
Submit Date: 8/6/2023

(i) What is Internet of Thing (IoT).
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical things, gadgets, and sensors that
are linked to the internet and can interact and share data with one another. This technology
enables common things to collect and exchange data, automate operations, and deliver new
services, resulting in enhanced efficiency, convenience, and productivity.
(ii) There are three (3) layers of IoT architecture. Associate each layers with suitable
technologies.
Layer of Perception:
Sensors, actuators, RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), cameras, wearables, and other

devices that collect data from the physical world are examples of technologies.
This layer's role is to perceive and gather data from the surrounding environment. It consists
of different sensors and equipment that collect data such as temperature, pressure, humidity,
motion, and other pertinent characteristics.
Layer of the network:
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, cellular networks, Ethernet, and other communication protocols are
examples of technologies.
This layer's role is to connect and convey data between the perception layer and the application
layer. It covers a variety of networking technologies and protocols that help IoT devices,
gateways, and cloud platforms communicate and transmit data.
Layer of Application:
Cloud computing, data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and
visualisation tools are examples of technologies.
The role of this layer is to analyse, analyse, and use the acquired data to extract relevant insights
and allow intelligent decision-making. It entails storing and managing data on the cloud,
performing sophisticated analytics, using AI and ML algorithms for data processing and
automation, and presenting the information in a user-friendly style via dashboards or
applications.
(iii) Elaborate two (2) important benefits of using IoT technology in construction management
for the purpose of efficiency and competitive advantage. Provide an example from the existing
technologies for the elaboration.
Improved Project Monitoring and Efficiency. The use of IoT technology in construction
management allows for real-time monitoring of various project components, which increases
efficiency. Construction companies, for example, can use IoT-enabled sensors and monitoring
systems to track and regulate resource utilisation (e.g., electricity, water, and fuel). IoT-based
energy management systems on building sites are one example of an existent technology that
exhibits this. Smart metres and sensors are used in these systems to monitor real-time energy
use, detect high-energy usage locations, and promote energy-saving actions. Data analysis from
these systems aids in optimising energy consumption, lowering expenses, and reducing
environmental effect.
IoT technology improves construction site safety and risk management, improving worker
well-being. Smart helmets, for example, monitor vital signs, detect falls, and send out
emergency notifications. IoT-based safety systems with sensors and real-time connectivity, for
example, detect risks. Sensors on construction equipment detect dangerous circumstances and
give real-time alerts to avert accidents or equipment breakdowns.
(iv) Define Customer Relationship Managements and the benefits.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) refers to the strategies, practises, and technology
that businesses use to maintain and develop customer relationships. It entails collecting,
analysing, and using customer data in order to improve customer interactions, boost customer
happiness, and drive business success.
Customer Relationship Management Advantages:
CRM allows organisations to better understand their consumers by recording and analysing
their preferences, behaviours, and purchase history. This information enables businesses to
personalise their interactions, adjust their services, and give proactive assistance, resulting in
increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Businesses may boost client retention, minimise
customer churn, and drive repeat business by cultivating great customer connections.
Improved Customer Experience. CRM enables organisations to provide outstanding
customer experiences across many touchpoints. CRM systems facilitate seamless
communication and cooperation across sales, marketing, and customer care teams by
centralising customer data and interactions. This unified approach provides a uniform
perspective of the consumer, allowing for consistent and personalised interactions. Companies
may use CRM to give timely and relevant information, address customer concerns promptly,
and anticipate customer demands, resulting in pleasant experiences and long-term client loyalty.
Sales and revenue growth. CRM systems give important insights into consumer preferences,
purchase history, and purchasing behaviours. Businesses may use this information to find
cross-selling and upselling possibilities, target particular client categories with customised
offers, and prioritise leads and prospects. CRM also automates duties, tracks sales activity, and
provides sales teams with real-time visibility into customer interactions, which helps to
simplify the sales process. These features help to improve sales effectiveness, conversion rates,
and revenue creation.
CRM improves marketing effectiveness by allowing organisations to run focused and

personalised marketing efforts. Companies may segment their client base and send appropriate
messages and offers to certain consumer groups by analysing customer data. CRM systems
also assist marketing automation, allowing businesses to automate campaign operations,
manage campaign performance, and assess marketing effectiveness. This data-driven strategy
aids in the optimisation of marketing tactics, the improvement of campaign ROI, and the
promotion of client interaction.
Improved Decision-Making. CRM gives firms vital information and data to help them make
more informed decisions. Companies may uncover trends, patterns, and client preferences by
analysing customer data, allowing them to make data-driven choices about product
development, marketing tactics, and customer service activities. CRM systems also provide
reports and dashboards that offer managers with a full perspective of customer metrics, sales
performance, and customer happiness, allowing them to discover areas for development and
make strategic decisions that drive business success.

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FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS

BPC - BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT (CONSTRUCTION)

IOT IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

COURSE CODE : BPA20703

COURSE NAME : SISTEM MAKLUMAT PENGURUSAN

PREPARED BY : HO ZE ZONG AP210338

NAME LECTURER : PUAN FAZIAN BINTI HASHIM

Submit Date: 8/6/2023

Sensors, actuators, RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), cameras, wearables, and other

Layer of the network:

(iv) Define Customer Relationship Managements and the benefits.

Customer Relationship Management Advantages:

CRM improves marketing effectiveness by allowing organisations to run focused and

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