LCHS 4000 OIL

(VERSION 1.0)

OIL/PRODUCT TERMINAL.
TRAINEE MANUAL
Edition 2

© Transas Ltd. May, 2008

© 2008 Transas Ltd. All rights reserved.
The information contained herein is proprietary to Transas Ltd. and shall not be duplicated in whole or in part.
The technical details contained in this manual are the best that are available at the date of issue but are subject
to change without notice.
Transas Ltd. pursues the policy of continuous development. This may lead to the product described in this manual
being different from the product delivered after its publication.
The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
This document contains:
Introduction ................................................................................................................3
Printing House Conventions.................................................................................3
Description of User Interface....................................................................................4
Objects Layout on the Display .............................................................................4
Heading and Exercise Control Buttons......................................................4
Terminal System Control Console .............................................................5
Page Switch Buttons..................................................................................6
Use of Mouse (Trackball)...........................................................................6
Dual and Single Screen Modes............................................................................7
Break and Freeze.................................................................................................7
Liquid Types .........................................................................................................7
3D Visualization....................................................................................................8
Control of Observer’s Position ...................................................................8
Weather................................................................................................................9
Trainee Workplace ...................................................................................................10
Monitoring of Events at the Trainee Workplace .................................................11
Event Log .................................................................................................11
Actual Alarm List ......................................................................................12
Recording of an Exercise ...................................................................................12
Setting the Exercise.................................................................................................13
Tabular Information on the Cargo Stowage and Characteristics .......................14
Graphic Information on Cargo Levels ................................................................15
Checklist.............................................................................................................15
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console.......................................16
Overview Panel – Tank Filling Monitoring System. Control of Overview
Direction .............................................................................................................16
Monitoring Liquid Levels in Tanks ...........................................................16
Control of Viewing Direction.....................................................................17
Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks ...............17
Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks.................................................17
Tank Cars.................................................................................................18
System’s Cargo Pumps ...........................................................................18
Gas Venting Devices ...............................................................................19
Throttle Valves .........................................................................................20
Mixers.......................................................................................................21
Pressure Gauges .....................................................................................21
Leakage Indicator ....................................................................................21
Service Panel – Service Tank System ...............................................................21
Service Tanks ..........................................................................................22
System’s Cargo Pumps ...........................................................................22
Throttle Valves .........................................................................................22
Cleaning Machines ..................................................................................23
Water Heaters and Coolers .....................................................................24
Cleaning Pump ........................................................................................24
Auxiliary Tank...........................................................................................25
Pressure Gauges .....................................................................................25
Leakage Indicator ....................................................................................25

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 1
 Pumps Panel – Pump Station and System for Protection
from Water Hammer .......................................................................................... 25
Transfer Pumps ....................................................................................... 26
Pressure Compensators.......................................................................... 27
Safety Membranes .................................................................................. 27
Turbine Flowmeters................................................................................. 28
Volumetric Flowmeters............................................................................ 29
Auxiliary Stripping Pumps ....................................................................... 29
Stripping Tank ......................................................................................... 29
System Throttle Valves ........................................................................... 29
Pressure Gauges .................................................................................... 30
Leakage Indicator.................................................................................... 30
Jetty Panel – Oil Jetty Systems ......................................................................... 30
Jetty Booster Pumps ............................................................................... 30
Stripping Pumps ...................................................................................... 31
Rain Water Feed Pumps ......................................................................... 31
Rain Water Tanks.................................................................................... 31
Drain Pans............................................................................................... 31
Jetty Structures (Arms)............................................................................ 32
System Throttle Valves ........................................................................... 33
Pressure Gauges .................................................................................... 33
Inert Panel – Inert Gas Generation and Vapour Utilisation System .................. 33
Gas Generator......................................................................................... 33
Fuel Pump ............................................................................................... 35
Gas Generator Air Blower ....................................................................... 35
Gas Generator Water Supply Pump ....................................................... 36
Gas Supply to the System....................................................................... 36
Distribution of Inert Gases Among Tanks ............................................... 37
Vapour Utilisation Station ........................................................................ 38
Water Panel – Ballast and Rain Water Treatment System ............................... 40
Ballast Water Treatment System............................................................. 40
Rain Water Treatment System ................................................................ 41
Discharged Water Quality Testing Equipment ........................................ 42

2 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Introduction

INTRODUCTION
The Transas LCHS 4000 Oil/Product Terminal simulator basic systems descriptions
are in the LCHS 4000 OIL (V. 1.0). OIL/PRODUCT TERMINAL. SYSTEMS
DESCRIPTION (EDITION 2). Please familiarize yourself with this document prior
to working on simulator.
This manual is intended for a LCHS Oil/Product Terminal simulator trainee.
The LCHS Oil/Product Terminal simulator is designed for the personnel training
in the cargo handling operations and methods pursuant to the requirements
of MARPOL 73/78 and other international Directives and Agreements.
The purpose is to train a specialist capable of tracing all the operations taking place
in the intricate web of the terminal systems, of responding adequately to
the technological and weather changes taking into account capabilities of these
systems, of assessing promptly the possible consequences of his/her actions.

Printing House Conventions

Sample of notation Usage comments

LCHS 4000 OIL (V. 1.0). To highlight names of documents

OIL/PRODUCT TERMINAL. SYSTEMS

DESCRIPTION (EDITION 2)

Jetty Panel – Oil Jetty Systems To highlight sections of a document

“Task” To highlight names of windows, pages, buttons, etc.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 3
Description of User Interface

DESCRIPTION OF USER INTERFACE

Objects Layout on the Display

All the simulator systems are arranged on separate screen pages.
Pages (except “Task” and “Monitor” pages) have the same structure:
1 – Heading and exercise control buttons.
2 – Selected oil terminal system control console.
3 – Page switch buttons.

Heading and Exercise Control Buttons

The top part of the screen page contains a heading and exercise control buttons.
The heading shows two tanker models and provides the following information
on the cargo handling operations:

1 – Amount of accepted cargo, m3 – “Cargo”;

2 – Amount of accepted ballast, m3 – “Ballast”;
3 – Deadweight, t;
4 – Displacement, t;
5 – Tanker draft (after, midship, forward), m;
6 – Terminal connection limiting zone, m;
7 – Environmental conditions (wind direction, precipitations, ambient temperature
and pressure).

4 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Description of User Interface

In the top right corner of the screen, the current exercise time is shown – “Time”.
The exercise is controlled by means of the following buttons:

• “Load exercise” – to load the exercise;

• “Save exercise” – to save the exercise;

• “Pause” – to stop the exercise for a short while;

• “Hint” – pop-up prompt;

• “Help” – to call help;

• “Exit” – to close console;

• “Rate” – exercise fulfilment time accelerator which has three buttons:

– “х1” – to run the exercise in the real time mode;
– “x5” – 5 times faster;
– “х25” – 25 times faster.
As mentioned above, the exercise is loaded by pressing “Load exercise” button.
A press on this button opens up load exercise window. Click the left mouse button
to select an exercise from the list. To load the exercise, press “Open” button.
To cancel the exercise selection and exit from the dialogue box, press “Cancel” button.

Terminal System Control Console

The main part of the screen is occupied by the console for the control
of the oil/product terminal systems which are distributed among the screen pages.
The console includes:

• Mnemonic diagram of the system which shows, digitally and graphically,

the current values of monitored parameters and status of devices
and machinery;
• Panel for the control of machinery which is called on the screen by clicking
the left mouse button on the appropriate picture on the mnemonic diagram;
• Alarm indicators on the mnemonic diagram. As the monitored parameters
exceed their standard values (settings), the relevant indicators produce red
flickering light advising about the newly generated unacknowledged alarms.
To acknowledge an alarm, click the left mouse button on its indicator.
The constant red light signifies the availability of active alarms in the system.
List of all active alarms is represented on the “Student” panel (see Monitoring
of Events at the Trainee Workplace subsection).

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 5
Description of User Interface

Page Switch Buttons

In the bottom part of the screen, there are page switch buttons. To call a necessary
page, “press” (left mouse click) the appropriate button. When the system is switched
on, the button is highlighted.
Listed below are the available pages, their call buttons specified:

• Setting of an exercise;

• System for monitoring the tank filling;

• Pump station and system for protection from water hammer;

• System of underground long-term storage tanks;

• Service tank system;

• Multi-purpose oil jetty systems;

• Inert gas generation and vapour utilisation system on the terminal;

• Ballast and rain water treatment system.

All the aforementioned pages are opened and closed in any order at the trainee
discretion.
Nest to the page switch buttons are the alarm indicators. Whenever there is
an emergency in any of the systems, the relevant indictor lights up in red advising
the user about the newly generated unacknowledged alarms in the system in
question.

Use of Mouse (Trackball)

As a rule, all the simulator control operations are performed by using the mouse.
With any mouse movement on the desk, the user can see corresponding on-screen
motion of its indicator (cursor). The standard form of the mouse cursor is a slanting
arrow with its point upward. The form of the mouse cursor changes to a “hand”
if the cursor is positioned on an active mnemonic diagram object.
The left mouse button is mainly used for performing operations. A single short press
on the left mouse button (click) is used for fixing the selection of a certain function,
operating mode or initial data conditions.
In what follows, a press on any functional button is understood as: “By moving
the mouse on the desk, position the on-screen mouse cursor on the required button
and press the left mouse button”.
Control panel buttons and valve indicators on the mnemonic diagram are highlighted
when turned on, and the light is put out when these are turned off.
A single but prolonged press on the left mouse button serves for moving the switch
and controller handles. To do this, position the mouse cursor on the switch handle,
press the left mouse button and, without releasing it, move the handle (indicator)
to the required position (drag-and-drop). Otherwise, you can simply position
the mouse cursor on the required position of the switch and press the left mouse
button (click).
The simulator provides a capability to arrange the called device (machinery) control
panels in the way that suits you best. To move the control button, position the cursor
on its heading and use the mouse in drag-and-drop mode to drag the panel
to the required place on the screen.

6 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Description of User Interface

Dual and Single Screen Modes

The trainee console automatically detects availability of the second monitor and is
extended to the second monitor screen if there are two monitors connected to
the trainee PC.

In the right bottom part of the screen there is a button which allows
switching off the secondary slave console. Press this button to turn off
the secondary console.
To recover the secondary screen, press this button again. The button will
be highlighted yellow, and the secondary console will appear on
the second monitor screen.

The “Right” button allows switching the picture on the console from
one screen to another.

Break and Freeze

The instructor can operate system units, elements and create different system
operation problems.
To simulate the control system breakdown, the instructor can “freeze” the unit.
The trainee cannot change a frozen unit state until the instructor “defreezes” it.
For example, the trainee cannot change the throttling valve state or turn off the frozen
operating pump. On the mnemonic diagram, the frozen units are outlined in red.

To simulate the unit failure, the Instructor can “break” it. On the mnemonic diagram
the broken units are marked with a red cross.

Liquid Types
In the LCHS 4000 OIL simulator there is colour-coded and flow-rate liquid flow in
the pipeline animation. For the medium type designations, the following colours are used:

• Light blue colour for the fresh water designation;

• Blue-green colour for the sea water designation;
• Light brown colour for the oil products designation;
• White colour for the heat transfer agent (ethylene glycol) designation;
• Light grey colour for the vapours of crude (CHx) designation;
• Dark green colour for the carbon-dioxide gas (CO2) designation;
• Dark gray colour for the mixture designation.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 7
Description of User Interface

3D Visualization
3D visualization imitates external video surveillance. The visualization system allows
representation of the environment, i.e. the water space, moving sea surface vessels,
moving tank wagons, terminal tanks, pipelines, other terminal objects and oil spill.
Visual Channel (VIS 4000) module shows, on a separate screen divided into 4 parts,
a picture from 35 video cameras arranged on the terminal area and on the jetty.
The camera specifies the observer’s position and his/her view direction onto
the 3D scene. Cameras have constant positions and allow the entire terminal area
to be observed:

• Jetty structures (2 berthed oil tankers, operation of 12 arms, level and colour of
liquid in 2 trays, 2 spill protection volumes) in order to monitor the Jetty operation
and appearance of an oil spill on the water surface (see Jetty Panel – Oil Jetty
Systems subsection);

• Terminal structures and pipelines (see Jetty Panel – Oil Jetty Systems
subsection, Jetty Structures (Arms) paragraph);
• Level and colour of liquid in the terminal’s 2 settling tanks and 1 treatment volume
level (see Water Panel – Ballast and Rain Water Treatment System
subsection);
• Level and colour of liquid in the terminal’s 8 tank protection volumes and in 2 spill
protection ditches;
• Tank wagon discharge area (tank wagon movement, level and colour of liquid
in the terminal’s 2 tank protection volumes and in 1 spill protection ditch)
(see Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks
subsection);
• Change of weather and illumination conditions (variable rain intensity, realistic
sun, moon and stars elevation sunset and sunrise effects, variable illumination).
There is a capability to switch between cameras by using the “Overview” panel.
To display the necessary object on the visualisation screen, click the left mouse button
on the camera picture on the “Overview” panel (see Components of Oil/Product
Terminal Control Console section, Control of Viewing Direction paragraph).

Control of Observer’s Position

You can control the observer’s position by using the mouse.
Click the left mouse button on one of 4 visual screen parts. The mouse cursor will
assume the form of a cross. Now you can change the observer’s sight direction and
angle by the mouse movement, while using the mouse wheel to move the observer
forward and backward.
To turn off the visualization mode, use the left click again.

8 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Description of User Interface

Weather
Weather type is shown on the top of window:

There are the following weather types:

• Fair weather, 25 ºС, 764 mm HG;

• Cloudy, 20 ºС, 764 mm HG;

• Rainy, 20 ºС, 764 mm HG;

• Fog, 10 ºС, 764 mm HG.

Wind speed and direction are shown on the compass indicator on the top of window.
Blue pointer shows wind direction, wind speed is written below (m/s):

Weather conditions can be changed by Instructor.

The rain water is collected in eight spill protection volumes TwTo…, TwTc…, TwTj
and drains by gravity to Tw1 or Tw2 via the low delivery spring loaded valves.
Variable rain intensity, realistic sun, moon and stars elevation sunset and sunrise
effects, variable illumination are shown on the 3D visualization.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 9
Trainee Workplace

TRAINEE WORKPLACE
After the oil-product terminal console starts, the screen will show the Monitor panel
where the information about the trainee workplace and other active workplaces
connected with the current trainee workplace is displayed.

This configuration includes oil-product terminal with two automatic tankers. In this
configuration tankers operate automatically, Oil-Product Terminal trainee performs
the loading/discharging of a cargo via shore lines by using Terminal Jetty window
for communication with tankers.
Other configurations can include workplaces for oil-product terminal and two tanker
trainees. Each trainee controls his/her own system (tanker or terminal), the loading/
discharging of a cargo via shore lines by using Terminal Jetty window of oil-product
terminal trainee workplace.

Above the tankers pictures there are “Log”, “Close Log” and “Record” buttons.
These buttons serve for exercise fulfilment recording and afterwards for loading this
recording for detailed trainee behavior debriefing (for more details see Recording
of an Exercise subsection).

To call the console, press the “Monitor” button in the bottom part
of the screen.

10 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Trainee Workplace

Monitoring of Events at the Trainee Workplace

Press the “Log” button which is situated above the oil-product terminal
picture on the “Monitor” panel.

The screen will display the “Student” panel which contains information about
the exercise fulfilment process at the current trainee workplace.

In the window header there is a student name. The purpose of the selected exercise
“Task” is specified below.

The window is closed by pressing the button in the information window heading.
The button in the window heading allows this window to be fixed on the screen after
the next information window is called. To disable the mode, press this button again.

Event Log
“Event Log” panel is designed for recording and reviewing events at the trainee
workplace. The panel contains the following information on events:

• “Time” – time when the event occurred (counted from the exercise start time);
• “Comments” – description of the event and relevant comments.
The messages are displayed in the chronological order from the top to the bottom.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 11
Trainee Workplace

Actual Alarm List

The “Alarm List” panel is designed to enable viewing of the list of active alarms
at the trainee workplace. This panel contains the following information on the alarms:

• “Time” – alarm generation time;

• “Comments” – message about the parameter which caused the alarm
generation by going beyond the setting (limit value). Acknowledged by trainee
alarms are marked with an asterisk (*) in the right column.
Messages are displayed in the chronological order from the top to the bottom.

Recording of an Exercise
In the process of the trainee’s work, information about the exercise fulfilment process
is saved. On the “Monitor” panel above the oil-product terminal picture there are
buttons which allow working with exercise recording.

To save the recording of an exercise fulfilment, press the “Record”

button at the right top of the terminal picture.

In the window which will appear, specify the recording name and press the “Save”
button. During the exercise, all trainee actions will be recorded. The recording is cut
off if the trainee workplace is switched off or if another exercise is loaded.
The recorded information is divided into two types: parameters and events. Changes
in the values of parameters characterising the current status and operating mode
of the machinery and systems are recorded at the set regular intervals. Events
(contents of the “Event Log” panel) are recorded as they occur.
This approach enables the use of the time scale or event log (the “Event Log” panel)
for the positioning of the current status during the reviewing of the recording.
The recording of a completed exercise is stored in the *.cfg file. To make the search
easier, records are identified by the workplace number, trainee name, exercise
number, date and time of the exercise start and end, duration. All the recordings
are stored on the main LCHS 4000 OIL computer (where the simulator is installed)
in a special folder. The maximum possible number of tapes in this folder is limited
by the disk space only.

12 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Setting the Exercise

SETTING THE EXERCISE

The “TASK” panel contains a task for fulfilling the exercise.
To call the console, press “Task” button in the bottom part of the screen.

The panel’s top line includes:

• Purpose of the selected exercise – “TASK”:

• Exercise name – “EXERCISE”:

• Time of the beginning exercise – “START TIME”:

• Duration of exercise performing by trainee – “DURATION”:

Below, the page is divided into two structurally identical parts. Each part provides
information on the condition of terminal tanks in the process of cargo handling and
ballast operations:
• In the left-hand part: initial condition of tanks – “Beginning”;
• In the right-hand part: final condition of tanks – “Completion”.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 13
Setting the Exercise

Tabular Information on the Cargo Stowage and Characteristics

Below, data on the cargo distribution among the terminal tanks and its characteristics
is provided in the tabular form. Tabular information includes the following parameters:
• “Tank” – list of available tanks;
• “Capacity” – tank capacity, m3;
• “Volume” – current volume of cargo in the tank, m3;
• “%” – cargo content in the tank, percent;
• “Temp” – cargo temperature in the tank, ºC;
• “Gas” – volume content of oxygen in the tank, %;
• “Pr.Gas” – gas pressure in the tank, mm of water column;
• “Type” – cargo type in the tank;
• “Density” – cargo density in the tank, kg/m3;
• “Weight” – cargo weight in the tank, t;
• “Level” – liquid level or ullage (depends on “Ullage” parameter in the configuration
editor).

Current volume (“Volume”), cargo percent in the tank (“%”), cargo temperature
(“Temp”), cargo type (“Type”) can be edited by Instructor.

14 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Setting the Exercise

Graphic Information on Cargo Levels

For clearer presentation of the information provided, below each data table is
a mnemonic diagram showing components and configuration of all the tanks
at the terminal. Tank names given in tables (“Tank” column) correspond to their
presentation on the diagram. As the cursor selects any information row in the table,
the diagram highlights the tank which this information refers to.

Checklist
In the bottom part of “Task” panel, there is a checklist for making checks in the course
of preparation for cargo handling and auxiliary operations. When preparing
an exercise, the instructor can add information necessary for completing an exercise
to the checklist.
Checklist has a form of table, text rows provide a list of operations required to be
performed. Performance of each operation is indicated with a checked checkbox
in the left part of row.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 15
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

COMPONENTS OF OIL/PRODUCT TERMINAL

CONTROL CONSOLE

Overview Panel – Tank Filling Monitoring System.

Control of Overview Direction
The system is intended for collecting and presenting information on the current
status of the terminal tanks, as well as on the overview directions controls on
the visualisation screen.

To call the console, press “Overview” button in the bottom part

of the screen.

Monitoring Liquid Levels in Tanks

The console mnemonic diagram shows arrangement of all the tanks in the terminal’s
coastal part and of all the tanks in area of the multi-purpose jetty.
The mnemonic diagram contains digital and graphic information on the current
values of cargo levels in the tanks.

Each tank has an alarm generation indicator which light up when the monitored
parameters exceed their normal value range.
To view information on the current state of cargo in the tank, position the cursor on its
picture on the mnemonic diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will
display “Tank” information window. Designation of the selected tank is specified
in the information window heading. The window contains a list of data on the selected
tank, specifically:

• “Capacity” – tank capacity (m3);

• “Volume” – current cargo volume (m3);
• “Density” (kg/m3);
• “Weight” (t);
• “Flow” – tank filling rate (m3/h);
• “Average temperature” – average cargo temperature (ºC);
• “Level” – cargo level (m);
• “Gas pressure” – gas pressure (mm of water column);
• “Cargo” – cargo grade (or composition of mixture).

16 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Indicators in the form of scales show the volume of contents in per cent, digital
indicators show the level in metres. At the top and at the bottom of scales, there
are two alert indicators. When the tank is filled with oil to 95%, and alert is provided
(lower of the top indicators – “Hi”), at 98% level an alarm is generated (topmost
indicator – “HiHi”). Accordingly, at the low levels of 5% and 2% in the tank, bottom
indicators (“Lo” and “LoLo”) start flickering. The window is closed by pressing
on button in the information window heading. The next button can be used
for keeping open window on top while you switch over console screens.
The bottom part of the window provides tabular information on the cargo type
(“Cargo”), its density (“Density”) and concentration (“%”). For easier viewing
of all the cargo information, scrolling is used.
To view information on another tanks, you should not necessarily close the already
opened window, all you have to do is press the required tank call button on
the mnemonic diagram. As this is done, tank designation will change in the opened
window, and information corresponding to this tank will appear.

Control of Viewing Direction

The console mnemonic diagram shows locations of the terminal objects external
surveillance cameras.

To display the necessary object on the visualisation screen, click the left
mouse button on the button showing the viewing direction on “Overview” panel.

Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term

Storage Tanks
The system is designed for transferring the cargo from the tank cars to the underground
oil long-term storage tanks.
The system communications with the terminal’s service zone and supplies oil and
petroleum products to the service tanks for performing the current cargo handling
operations.

The panel is called by pressing “Storage” button in the bottom part

of the screen.

Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks

The central part of the mnemonic diagram shows two underground oil storages with
Tu1, Tu2 charging and loading lines. The net storage volume of each tank
is ≈ 200,000 m3.
Tanks are fitted out with built-in immersed pumps (Sp1, Sp2), liquid mixing devices
(Mixer) and gas venting devices with P/V safety valves (Gvu1, Gvu2).
Liquid cargo is fed into the underground storage from Tt1 tank which is used
for discharging tank cars Train1 and Train0. Tt1 tank has an outboard connection
and a ventilation line for maintaining the atmospheric pressure. Tt1 tank
on the mnemonic diagram has a level change indicator and alarm indicator which
starts flickering (red light) as the liquid level reaches 98%.
Tu1, Tu2 tanks on the mnemonic diagram have level change indicators.
Set on the scales are alarm generation indicators which, as the liquid in tanks
reaches 95% and 98%, start flickering in red.

To monitor cargo parameters in the tank, press the appropriate button

on the mnemonic diagram (Tu1, Tu2), e.g. Tu2.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 17
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

When switched on, the button lights up in yellow, the screen displays “Tank”
information window containing data on the cargo volume, density, weight, level,
temperature, rate of cargo supply in the tank, gas pressure in the tank, etc.
(for detailed description of the “Tank” window see Overview Panel – Tank Filling
Monitoring System. Control of Overview Direction subsection, Monitoring
Liquid Levels in Tanks paragraph).

Tank Cars
Tank cars (Train1 and Train0) ensure cargo supply to the terminal’s underground
storage system.

To discharge tank cars, open Vtr… and VTTRO throttle valves: Tt1 tank is then filled.
For loading tank cars from the terminal, the pipeline with throttle valves Vtr1i…Vtr6i
is used.
After the discharging, click on the train and three empty tank cars are removed, and after
some time a new three tank car filled with cargo appears. All in all, cargo is brought by
30 tank cars of each train.
To monitor the cargo parameters in the aforementioned tank cars, press the appropriate
button on the mnemonic diagram (Tr1… Tr6). The screen displays “Tank” information
window containing data on the cargo volume, density, weight, level, temperature,
rate of cargo supply in the tank, gas pressure in the tank, etc. (see “Overview” monitoring
window).

System’s Cargo Pumps

The cargo is fed to/from tanks Tu1 and Тu2 by the built-in centrifugal deep well
pumps (Sp1 and Sp2).
The pump delivery can be varied by using non-return valves on the charging line (V6, V8).

Centrifugal pumps (Sp3 and Sp) supply cargo from tank Tt1 to the underground oil
storage, and via throttle valves V12, V14 to the terminal’s service tanks.

18 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Pumps are fitted out with own filters fsp3, fsp4.

To operate any of the aforementioned pumps, position the cursor on its picture
on the mnemonic diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display
“Pump” panel for the control of cargo pumps. The panel heading will contain
designation of the pump you have selected.

The pumps is started/stopped by using “Start” and “Stop” buttons. As the pump is
started, “Start” button lights up, and on the mnemonic diagram its impeller starts
rotating.
The control panel is fitted out with pressure gauges which show the cargo pump suction
pressure (“INLET PRESSURE”) and discharge pressure (“OUTLET PRESSURE”).
To close the control panel, press button. The next button can be used for
keeping open window on top while you switch over console screens.

Gas Venting Devices

Installed on the covers of tanks Tu1 and Тu2 are gas venting devices with safety
P/V valves (Gvu1 and Gvu2 respectively) which are used for the automatic removal
of gases.

To control the gas venting devices, position the mouse cursor on its picture
on the mnemonic diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display
“P/V Valve” panel for the control of the gas venting device automatic valve.
The panel heading will contain the selected device designation.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 19
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

You can use the two sliders on “Pressure set” vertical scale for setting the safety valve
actuation pressure in mm of water column. To do this, put the sliders in the required
position by using the mouse (drag-and-drop). As this is done, on the indicator to
the left you will see a graphic presentation of the selected pressure level.
“Reaction” scale shows graphically the gaseous medium pressure in the tank.

Throttle Valves
The liquid flow in the system is controlled by using the appropriate valves V1…V14
(on the mnemonic diagram – ). For the throttle valves, the system uses butterfly
valves, whose position shows the valve’s clear opening ( ). Valves are used for
setting and changing the rate of fluid supply in the tanks.

To control the valves, position the cursor on the picture of the requires valve and
click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Valve” panel.

The panel heading contains designation of the valve you have chosen. To open
the valve to the maximum, press “Max” button. You can use slider controller
in the right part of the panel to open the valve to a certain setting. To do this, move
the controller slider to the required position by using the mouse (drag-and-drop).
The current value of the valve’s clear opening is shown graphically on the left scale,
and on the mnemonic diagram by means of a sector indicator ( ). Besides, your
setting and the current value will be shown in the centre on the digital gauges set
under the scale and the controller.

As a new command is received, the current valve position changes gradually imitating
operation of the remotely controlled valves drive mechanism. When the tank is filled
with fluid, the throttle valve is closed by means of “Min” button.

20 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Mixers
Mixing devices Mix1 and Mix2 are designed for mixing fluids in tanks Tu1 and Тu2.

To control a mixer, click the left mouse button on its picture on the mnemonic
diagram. The screen will display “Mixer” panel. The panel heading will contain
designation of the device you have selected.

The mixers are started/stopped by pressing “Start” and “Stop” buttons respectively.
In the case of start, “Start” button lights up.
The control panel is fitted out with “RPM” analogue and digital gauges.

Pressure Gauges
To enable monitoring of pressure on the main cargo lines, two pressure gauges
are set. In the case of high pressure in the cargo lines, an alarm is triggered off.

Leakage Indicator
Uncompensated change of pressure can be cause of leakage in pipeline connection.
There is a leakage indicator in the right part of the screen in the form of small triangle.

If there is a leakage, it’s highlighted with red color. Instructor can set the leakage.

Service Panel – Service Tank System

The system takes care of service tanks and is intended for the internal cargo
transfer operations, ship loading and discharging. The system is also used
for the tank stripping and cleaning, and cargo transfer to the long-term storage
underground tanks.
The tanks communicate with liquid cargo lines via the connection pipes, and with
the atmosphere via the gas outlet lines feeding gases to the incinerator in the case
of standard operation, or via safety valves in an emergency (see “Inert” panel).

When fulfilling exercises on the cargo handling operations, as well as

on the tank stripping and cleaning, press “Service” button.

The screen will display service tank mnemonic diagram.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 21
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Service Tanks
The service tank system is implemented in the form of a ring and includes eight
tanks combined into three groups: To1…To4 50,000 m3 each; Tc1, Tc2 – 20,000 m3
each; Tj1, Tj2 – 30,000 m3. The total volume of tanks is 300,000 m3.
For each tank, the mnemonic diagram has indicators in the form of scales which
show the content volume in per cent. Besides, all the service tanks have digital
gauges which show the level in metres.

To monitor the cargo parameters in the tank, press the appropriate button
on the mnemonic diagram, e.g. To1.

The screen displays “Tank” information window containing data on the tank capacity,
cargo volume, density, weight, level, temperature, rate of cargo supply in the tank,
gas pressure in the tank, etc. (see “Overview” monitoring system). For tanks To…,
Tj…, Tc…, there is a twin level alert system scales in the “Tank” window, based
on the liquid level. The top alarms are generated when the tank is filled to 95%
(“Hi” level) and 98% (“HiHi” level); bottom alarms are generated when the tank is
filled to 5% (“Lo” level) and 2% (“LoLo” level).

System’s Cargo Pumps

To enable the transfer of liquid cargoes between tanks through the connection lines,
there are two electrically driven centrifugal pumps (Ps1, Ps2).

The pump delivery can be varied by using throttle valves Vs1…Vs8.

As shown on the mnemonic diagram, each pump has an alarm generation indicator.

To operate the pump, position the cursor on the picture of the pump on the mnemonic
diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Pump” panel for
the control of pumps. Procedures to handle the control panel are described above
Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

Throttle Valves
Distribution of cargo among the system tanks as well as the supply of cleaning fluid
through the lines from the pumps to the cleaning machines, is provided by using
the throttle valves ( on the mnemonic diagram).
Cargo lines of service tanks are connected to the lines of the underground oil
storage via the valves (V12, V14). VS1…VS4 valves separate the lines of service
tanks from the lines transfer pumps.
To adjust the fluid flow velocity, position the cursor on the picture of the required
valve and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Valve” control panel.
Procedures to handle the control panel are described above Storage Panel –
System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

22 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Cleaning Machines
To enable cleaning of the tank surfaces to remove cargo residue with the jets of
cleaning fluid, some cleaning machines are provided. The mnemonic diagram shows
8 cleaning/fluid-spraying machines installed permanently on the service tank covers.
Work fluid is fed to the cleaning machines from pump Pa1 through the lines.
For operation, position the cursor on the tank cover and press the left mouse button.
The screen will display the cleaning machine control panel. The panel heading
contains designation of the selected tank and cleaning machine.

Before starting cleaning machine, click the left mouse button on the washer column
to pull it down.

In the right-hand part of the panel there is “Angle” scale with the washing angle pointers
on it. The bottom pointer is used for setting the angle, which the motion of the cleaning
machine barrel starts from – cleaning start angle. The top pointer sets the angle, which
the motion of the cleaning machine barrel should end at – cleaning end angle. To set
the pointers to the required position, use the mouse in drag-and-drop mode.
In the left-hand part of the panel, there are analog and digital gauges showing pressure
in bars in the cleaning machine (“PRESSURE”) and rate of the flow passing through
the machine in m3/h (“FLOW RATE”).
In the centre of the panel, visual presentation of the cleaning process is provided:
cleaning machine, cleaning fluid jet and, schematically, sedimentation in the tank.
To start the tank cleaning machines, open throttle valves V40…V43, V50…V53. To set
the necessary cleaning pressure, adjust smoothly the clear opening of these valves.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 23
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Water Heaters and Coolers

To improve the tank cleaning process, the cleaning water supplied from the pumps
can be heated or cooled as required.
These functions are performed, with valves Vh1…Vh4 open, by the cleaning water
heaters and coolers.
Heater1 ensures the outlet temperature of up to 85 ºС.

Cooler1 ensures cooling of the medium down to 4 ºС.

Operation of the cooler/heater is shown on the mnemonic diagram.

Bypassing performed with throttle valves changes the water temperature at the
outlet. Control of the throttle valves is exercised in much the same way as for all
the systems. Using the digital located above on the mnemonic diagram should
check water temperature.

Cleaning Pump
It has been mentioned before that the cleaning fluid is fed to the cleaning machines
from auxiliary pump Pa1. The use of the pump allows the tanks to be stripped and
cleans, vaporisation intensity reducing operations to be performed.

The centrifugal electrically driven cleaning pump Pa1 (in the top right corner of
the mnemonic diagram) supplies cleaning fluid via the open valve V37.
Using throttle valve V38 on the charging line can vary cleaning pump Pa1 delivery.
With a change of the valve clear opening, the rate of the cleaning fluid supply
to the tank cleaning machines also changes.

To operate the pump, position the cursor on the picture of the pump on the mnemonic
diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Pump” panel for
the control of pumps. Procedures to handle the control panel are described above
Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

24 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Auxiliary Tank
Auxiliary tank Ts1 is intended for storing fluid used in auxiliary operations.
The tank is connected with the main system and is fitted out with the fluid return line.
Provided for tank Ts1 there is level alert system when tank is filled to 98% (“HiHi” level).
To monitor the fluid parameters in the tank, press “Ts1” button on the mnemonic
diagram. When switched on, the screen displays “Tank” information window containing
data on the tank capacity, cargo volume, density, weight, level, temperature, rate of
cargo supply in the tank, gas pressure in the tank, etc. (see Overview Panel – Tank
Filling Monitoring System. Control of Overview Direction subsection).

Pressure Gauges
To enable monitoring of pressure on the main cargo lines and cleaning line,
pressure gauges are set. In the case of high pressure in the lines, an alarm is
triggered off.

Leakage Indicator
Uncompensated change of pressure can be cause of leakage in pipeline connection.
There is a leakage indicator in the top part of the screen in the form of small triangle.

If there is a leakage, it's highlighted with red color. Instructor can set the leakage.

Pumps Panel – Pump Station and System for Protection

from Water Hammer
The transfer pump system is used for:

• Charging, discharging and transferring cargoes from the service tanks or

underground storage tanks to the ship;
• Measuring amount of transferred cargo.
The system cargo lines are fitted out with the water hammer (pressure surge)
compensators.

To call the panel, press “Pumps” button in the bottom part of the screen.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 25
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Transfer Pumps
The left-hand side of the mnemonic diagram shows six centrifugal transfer
pumps P1…P6.
The pumps are fitted out with own filters fp1…fp6.

To operate the pump, position the cursor on its picture on the mnemonic diagram
and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Pump” control panel.
The panel headings will contains designation of the pump you have chosen.

The cargo transfer pump is started/stopped by using “Start” and “Stop” buttons
respectively. As the pump is started, “Start” button lights up, and its impeller starts
rotating on the mnemonic diagram.
The control panel has two pressure gauges which show the pump section pressure
(“INLET PRESSURE”) and discharge pressure (“OUTLET PRESSURE”), and there
is an ammeter for monitoring the current in the winding of the pump drive electric
motor stator (“I”). In the case of high current in the electric motor winding, an alarm
is generated, and then the actuated safety system stops the pumps automatically.
In the bottom part of the panel there is the cargo pump operating mode (delivery)
switch which has four positions:

• “Strip” – 25%;
• “Slow” – 50%;
• “Part” – 75%;
• “Nominal” – 100%.
To set the necessary pump operation mode, position the cursor on the switch
handle and use the mouse in drag-and-drop mode to drag it to the required position.
The operating mode determines rpm of the pump drive electric motor shaft.

26 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Pressure Compensators
To protect the cargo lines from the pressure surges, the system is fitted out with
presser compensators.
In the right-hand part of the mnemonic diagram there are two pressure
compensators: Sd1, Sd2.

The tanks are fitted out with gas venting devices with safety P/V valves which serve
for the automatic removal of gases.
Each tank is fitted out with a liquid level indicator in the form of a scale which shows
the content volume in percent. Provided for tanks Sd1, Sd2 there is level alert when
tank is filled to 98% (“HiHi” level).

To monitor the parameters of cargo in the tank, press the appropriate

button on the mnemonic diagram (Sd1, Sd2), e.g. Sd1.

When switched on, the screen displays “Tank” information window containing data
on the tank capacity, cargo volume, density, weight, level, temperature, rate of cargo
supply in the tank, gas pressure in the tank, etc. (see Overview Panel – Tank
Filling Monitoring System. Control of Overview Direction subsection).

Safety Membranes
To protect cargo lines from the high pressure at the inlet, safety membranes М1, М2
are built into each pressure compensator Sd.

To call the membrane control panel, click the left mouse button on the appropriate
picture on the mnemonic diagram. The screen will display “Membrane” control
panel. The panel heading will contain designation of the selected device.

As this is done, on the indicator to the left you will a graphic presentation
of the membrane status which may be in either open or cocked state.
To cock the membrane, double click on the top of spring.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 27
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Turbine Flowmeters
To enable monitoring of the liquid flow in the cargo lines, there are turbine
flowmeters (FlowM1, FlowM2) in the central part of the mnemonic diagram.

Each flowmeter has flow rate (m3/h) and liquid density (kg/m3) gauges.
To call the flowmeter control panel, position the cursor on its picture on the mnemonic
diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Flowmeter” control
panel. The panel heading will contain designation of the flowmeter you have chosen.

The right-hand part of the control panel contains the following information:

• Digital gauges:
– “Total discharge” – summary liquid flow, m3/h.
Press “Reset” button to cancel all the previous information on the summary
liquid flow.
– “Flow rate” (Q) – liquid flow rate, m3/h;
– “Density” (ρ) – liquid density, kg/m3;
– “Temperature” (T) – liquid temperature, ºС.
• “Calibration” – flowmeter calibration button, runs the volumetric flowmeter;
• “Start”, “Stop” – buttons for starting/stopping flowmeter electronics;
• Under the buttons in the right bottom corner of the monitor, there is light
“On/Off” indicator which lights up when the power is supplied to the system.
The recorder tape shows time dependencies of the flow rate, density ad fluid
temperature.

This buttons are used for rewinding the recorder tape:

28 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Volumetric Flowmeters
Volumetric flowmeters are used for calibrating the turbine flowmeters. The calibration
process is started by pressing “Calibration” button on the Turbine flowmeters panel
(see under Turbine Flowmeters paragraph).

The volumetric liquid flow is determined by the ball motion on the indicator
on the mnemonic diagram above.

Auxiliary Stripping Pumps

In performing cargo line and tank stripping operations, auxiliary stripping pumps
Pa2, Pa3, Pa4 are used.

Pa2 auxiliary pump strips the system tanks and pumps out liquid to one of auxiliary tanks.
Pumps Pa3, Pa4 ensure stripping of tanks Sd1, Sd2 respectively. After the stripping,
fluid is pumped out to stripping tank Ts2.
To control any of the aforementioned pumps, click the left mouse button on
the appropriate pump picture on the mnemonic diagram. The screen will display
“Pump” panel. Procedures to handle the control panel are described above Storage
Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

Stripping Tank
Stripping tank Ts2 is intended for collecting fluid pumped out by the stripping pumps.

To monitor parameters of cargo in the tank, press the appropriate button

on the mnemonic diagram. Provided for tank there is level alert system
when tank is filled to 98% (“HiHi” level). When switched on, the screen
displays “Tank” information window (see “Overview” monitoring system).

System Throttle Valves

Cargo lines of service tank system and pump station segments communicate via
throttle valves VS1…VS4.
The cargo is distributed among the pumps with the aid of valves V55…V83.
Control of the throttle valves is exercised in much the same way as for all
the systems (see Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term
Storage Tanks subsection).

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 29
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Pressure Gauges
To enable monitoring of pressure on the main cargo lines, pressure gauges are
installed. In the case of high pressure in the cargo lines, an alarm is triggered off.

Leakage Indicator
Uncompensated change of pressure can be cause of leakage in pipeline connection.
There is a leakage indicator in the bottom part of the screen in the form of small triangle.

If there is a leakage, it's highlighted with red color.

Jetty Panel – Oil Jetty Systems

The oil jetty systems are used for feeding/accepting liquid cargo to/from the oil tanker.

The left- and right-hand parts of the mnemonic diagram have an identical structure
and show systems of an oil terminal for two ships (Jetty1, Jetty2).

To call the panel, press “Jetty” button in the bottom part of the screen.

Jetty Booster Pumps

The jetty booster pumps are used as an auxiliary device in the ship loading/discharging.

Booster pumps operate in series with cargo pumps in order to create necessary
charging pressure to overcome the hydrodynamic resistance of the ship cargo
manifold and shore lines.
The mnemonic diagram shows two centrifugal booster pumps Pbst1, Pbst2. The pumps
delivery is adjusted by using throttle valves Vts11, Vt12, Vt13 and Vts21, Vt22, Vt23.
Uncompensated change of pressure can be cause of leakage in pipeline connection
on the pumps charging line. There are leakage indicators under the picture of
booster pumps in the form of small triangle. If there is a leakage, it's highlighted
with red color.

To control the pump, position the cursor on its picture on the mnemonic diagram and
click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Pump” control panel. Procedures
to handle the control panel are described above Storage Panel – System of
Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

30 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Stripping Pumps
Stripping pumps are intended for use in the cargo line stripping operations.
The mnemonic diagram shows two auxiliary cargo line stripping pumps Pta1, Pta2.

To perform cargo line stripping operations, position the cursor on the picture of the pump
on the mnemonic diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display
“Pump” control panel. Procedures to handle the control panel are described above
Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

Rain Water Feed Pumps

From the rain water line (RainW line), rain water is supplied to tanks
Ttw1, Ttw2 with the aid of two water pumps Ptw1, Ptw2. The pump
delivery is adjusted by using throttle valves Vtw1, Vtw2.

To operate the pump, position the cursor on the pump picture on the mnemonic
diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Pump” control panel.
Procedures to handle the control panel are described above Storage Panel –
System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

Rain Water Tanks

Rain water is collected in tanks Ttw1, Ttw2. Provided for tanks Ttw1, Ttw2 there is
level alert when tank is filled to 98% (“HiHi” level).
To monitor parameters of fluid in the tank, press the appropriate button
on the mnemonic diagram: Ttw1, Ttw2. When switched on, the screen displays
“Tank” information window (see “Overview” monitoring system).

Drain Pans
Drain pans are used for collecting cargo residuals when the cargo lines are disconnected.

Drain pans has indicators in the form of scales showing the contents volume
in per cent, and alarm indicators actuated when the tank is filled with liquid to 98%.

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Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Jetty Structures (Arms)

Tankers are loaded/discharged by using the jetty arms.

A left mouse button click on “Ship 1” or “Ship 2” panel (in the centre
of the mnemonic diagram) establishes the terminal communication
with tanker 1 or tanker 2 respectively.

The screen will display “Terminal Jetty” communication window. The heading
contains designation of the jetty structure.

The window contains six groups of for the control of the tanker loading/discharging
via the terminal’s cargo lines (“Cargo line1”…“line4”) as well as through the gas
(“Gas line”) and ballast (“Ballast line”) lines of the terminal.
To connect the tanker manifolds to the terminal lines and to start the cargo operation,
perform the following procedure:
1. Select cargo grade from the list.
2. Press “Connect” button to start the terminal Arm moving in the direction of
the tanker. In the case of a successful connection and snap of a latch, button
will highlight yellow.
3. To notify the terminal about readiness to start cargo operations, press “Start” button.
4. Use the controller scale to specify the loading/discharging intensity in m3/h.
To do this, move the pointer to the required position with the mouse (drag-and-
drop). The controller setting is also displayed on the graphic indicator to the left.
The cargo grade is shown on the indicator under the controller scale.

32 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
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System Throttle Valves

Cargo is distributed among the lines by using throttle valves.
As shown on the mnemonic diagram, the ship’s cargo lines are connected to
the terminal line via valves Vt1L1…Vt1L4 (Jetty1 system) and Vt2L1…Vt2L4
(Jetty2 system).
Control of the throttle valves is exercised in much the same way as for all the systems
(see Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks
subsection).

Pressure Gauges
On the main cargo lines, as well as on the ballast and gas line, pressure gauges
are provided.
In the case of high pressure in the lines, an alarm is generated.

Inert Panel – Inert Gas Generation and Vapour Utilisation System

The system is designed for maintaining safe oxygen level in the tank atmosphere
and restricting CH exhaust in the environment, which may cause an explosion or
fire. This is achieved through the supply of inert gases (CO2) and maintaining
the oxygen volume in the tank atmosphere at a level of not more than 8%.
The system protects tanks from the pressure rise and formation of vacuum.
In addition, the system is used for air ventilating the tanks before the repair works.

When fulfiling exercises on the use of the Inert Gas System, press
“Inert” button in the bottom part of the screen. The screen will display
a mnemonic diagram of the inert gas generation plant.

Gas Generator
In the left-hand part of the mnemonic diagram, there is an inert gas generator which
produces CO2.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 33
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

The gas generator burner is controlled from “Burning control” panel. To call
the control panel, click the left mouse button on the picture of the gas generator.

Control of the gas generator output can be exercised in the manual or automatic
mode of supplying inert gases in the tank through non-return valve Vi4 or releasing
it in the atmosphere through valve Vi2.
In the left bottom corner of the control panel, there is a rotating knob which you
can use in drag-and-drop mode for selecting the generator operation control mode:
“Manual”, “Auto” or “Stop”:
• “Manual” – manual mode of controlling the gas generator output:
– Valves Vi2 and Vi4 are controlled arbitrarily;
– The oxygen volume content (% О2) is adjusted by varying air/fuel ratio.
To enable this, there is a controller in the right bottom corner of the panel.
Use the mouse (drag-and-drop mode) to move the pointer to the required
position. Note that it is ill recommended to reduce the % О2 to below 0.1%,
as this may cause incomplete burning of fuel. Air/fuel ratio is required to be
maintained at a constant level;
– The flow of gases produced in the generator should be checked on “Flow”
digital gauge;
– To ignite the burner, press “Ignition” button;
– For an emergency stop of the gas generator, press the red “Emergency Stop”
button.
• “Auto” – automatic mode of controlling the generator output:
– Press “Auto” button to start the program of bringing the generator into
operation, which takes 60 minutes to complete;
– Control of throttle valves Vi2 and Vi4 in order to maintain the oxygen volume
content, is exercised automatically;
– Control of valve Vi1 of the fuel pump is exercised automatically;
– The burner ignition is performed automatically;
– For an emergency stop of the gas generator, press the red “Emergency Stop”
button.
• “Stop” – gas generator standard stop mode.
In the top part of the control panel, there are three analog gauges used for checking:

• Fuel flow – “FUEL, BAR”;

• Air flow – “AIR, BAR”;
• Gas colour – “SMOKE, %”.

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 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Besides, the digital gauges on the mnemonic diagram can be used for checking:

• Water temperature and pressure at the gas generator inlet;

• Gas temperature and О2 volume content at the gas generator outlet;
• Water level in the gas generator.
With the low pressure of fuel (checked by “FUEL” pressure gauge on “Burning control”
panel) and cooling water at the gas generator inlet, high temperature of gases
at the gas generator outlet, and also with a high level of water in the gas generator,
and alarm is triggered off, and the fuel pump (Fi), air blower (Bi) and cargo pumps
are stopped.

Fuel Pump
Fuel is fed to the generator via the gear-type fuel pump Fi on the top left corner
of the mnemonic diagram.

The fuel pressure and flow are adjusted either automatically, or in the manual mode
by using bypass valve Vi1. To control the fuel feed manually, position the cursor
on the picture of valve Vi1 and click the left mouse button. The screen will display
“Valve” control panel. Procedure to handle the control panel of any throttle valve
in the system is detailed in Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term
Storage Tanks subsection.

Gas Generator Air Blower

The air supply function is performed by the air blower Bi. The air blower sucks
in the air from the atmosphere and feeds it to the gas generator burner Vi3.

The air blower is operated from the control panel which is called by clicking the left
mouse button on the picture of the air blower on the mnemonic diagram.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 35
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

The panel heading contains designation of the selected air blower. On the panel
itself, there are two pressure gauges which show the air blower suctions and
charging pressure. The pressure gauge readings in mm of water column
are multiplied by 100 and are shown digitally on the displays below. To start/stop
the air blower, press “Start/Stop” button (which lights up after a start). The turning
on of the air blower is also shown on the mnemonic diagram.

Gas Generator Water Supply Pump

The fresh water centrifugal pump Piw (in the left bottom corner of the mnemonic
diagram) supplies water through the throttle valve (Viw2) to the gas generator
cooling system and for the contact cooling of hot inert gases. The water passes
through the cooler and returns to tank Ts3. The cooler throttle valves Viw3, Viw4
allow the cooling fluid to be removed from the gas generator.

To operate the pump, position the cursor on its picture on the mnemonic diagram
and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Pump” control panel.
Procedures to handle the control panel are described above Storage Panel –
System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

The amount of cooling water supplied from the pump to the gas generator, is
controlled by varying the clear opening in valve Viw1. As mentioned before,
the water temperature and pressure at the gas generator cooling system inlet
are checked by relevant indicators.

High pressure in the Ts3 tank can be cause of leakage in pipeline connection. There
is a leakage indicator under the tank picture in the form of small triangle. If there is
a leakage, it's highlighted with red color.

Gas Supply to the System

At the gas generator outlet, the temperature and О2 content in the gas are checked
by the digital gauge. If the parameters are within the admissible range, the gas is fed
through throttle valve Vi4 which operates as a non-return valve with a flammable
net. This device is used instead of a water seal for preventing reverse current of
flammable gases.
The mode of controlling the throttle valves Vi2 and Vi4 can be whether manual or
automatic (mode is selected in the “Burning control” window). In the manual mode,
valves Vi2 and Vi4 operate independent of each other.
If the indicator shows high content of oxygen or high temperature in the inert gases
at the gas generator outlet, in the automatic mode the group closes valve Vi4 and
opens valve Vi2 to release inert gases into the atmosphere.
To control the supply of inert gases manually, position the cursor on the picture of
valves Vi2 and Vi4 and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Valve”
control panel. Procedure to handle the control panel of any throttle valve in
the system is detailed in Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term
Storage Tanks subsection.

36 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

In the left bottom corner of the mnemonic diagram, there is a nitrogen storage
cylinder N2.

Industrial nitrogen is used for performing auxiliary operations connected with

the scavenging of cargo lines, cargo pumps and heaters. Besides, nitrogen is used
for creating inert medium in the tanks.
The inert gas from the cylinder is fed to the system via the open valve Vi5.

Distribution of Inert Gases Among Tanks

Inert gases produced by the generation system (see above) are distributed among
tanks To1…To4, Tc1, Tc2, Tj1, Tj2.
After checking, by the digital gauge, the inert medium parameters at the plant outlet
(see Inert Gas Generation System) you can start the process of filling the tanks with
inert gases. To do this, in the inert gas generation system close the gas-release-
into-atmosphere valve Vi2 and open throttle valve Vi4 for the gas supply to
the system. The gas is then distributed through throttle valves Vi1t...Vi4t:

• Valve Vi1t controls gas supply to the terminal lines;

• Valve Vi2t controls gas supply to the incinerator;
• Valves Vi3t, Vi4t control gas supply to the cargo tanks.
To distribute gases among the tanks, click the left mouse button to open valves Vi3t,
Vi4t and valves for feeding inert gas into the tanks (Gv40…Gv52).
The tank covers are fitted out with gas release devices for the removal of cargo
vapours from the tanks and ventilation. The devices have safety valves which control
the pressure within the tanks: GvTo1…GvTo, GvTc1, GvTc2, GvTj1, GvTj2. If
the pressure within the tanks reaches 250 mbar, the valves are automatically opened.

To control the safety valve, position the cursor on the picture of the gas release device
on the mnemonic diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display
“P/V valve” control panel. Procedure to handle the control panel is detailed in Storage
Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

The tank ventilation is also performed via the valves for feeding inert gases into
the tanks (Gv40…Gv52), and valves removing the cargo vapours to the absorber.
The ventilation system uses lines for the return of cargo vapours from the tanker to
the shore through the scrubbers or Gv3 to the incinerator and also back to the ship.
As the tanks are filled with inert gas, the following system parameters are monitored:

• Pressure and О2 volume content in the gas by the digital gauge (in the inert gas
generation system);
• State of gas release devices GvTo1…GvTo, GvTc1, GvTc2, GvTj1, GvTj2;
• Pressure in the line for distributing inert gas by the digital gauge.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 37
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

To monitor gas environment in the necessary tank, click the left mouse button
on the tank cover. The screen will display “Gas Control” information window which
contains the following digital gauges:

• “Gas pressure” – gas pressure in the tank in mm of water column;

• “O2 in mixture” – volume content of oxygen and cargo vapours in the tank, %;
• “CH in mixture” – volume content of CH exhaust in the atmosphere, %;
• “Cargo Level” – cargo level in the tank, %.
In the right bottom corner of the window, the cargo grade – “Cargo” and
its density – % are shown in the tabular form.
The left-hand part of the window presents the oxygen percentage curve in the tank.
The red part of the curve corresponds to the flammable mixture.

Vapour Utilisation Station

System Incinerator
In the top right corner of the mnemonic diagram, there is an incinerator designed
for the cargo vapour incineration and burning up.

The incinerator burner is controlled from “Burning control” panel. To call the control
panel, click the left mouse button on the picture of the incinerator.

38 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Control of the incinerator output can be exercised in the manual or automatic mode.
In the left bottom corner of the control panel, there is a rotating knob which you
can use in drag-and-drop mode for selecting the operation control mode: “Manual”,
“Auto” or “Stop”:

• “Manual” – manual mode of controlling the incinerator output:

– Valve Vufl is controlled arbitrarily;
– The oxygen volume content (% О2) is adjusted by varying air/fuel ratio. To enable
this, there is a controller in the right bottom corner of the panel. Use the mouse
(drag-and-drop mode) to move the pointer to the required position. Note that it is
ill recommended to reduce the % О2 to below 0.1%, as this may cause incomplete
burning of fuel. Air/fuel ratio is required to be maintained at a constant level;
– The flow of gases produced in the generator should be checked on “Flow”
digital gauge;
– To ignite the burner, press “Ignition” button;
– For an emergency stop of the incinerator, press the red “Emergency STOP” button.
• “Auto” – automatic mode of controlling the incinerator:
– Press “Auto” button to start the program of bringing the generator into
operation, which takes 50 minutes to complete;
– Control of throttle valve Vufl and air blower Bu in order to maintain the oxygen
volume content, is exercised automatically;
– The burner ignition is performed automatically;
– For an emergency stop of the incinerator, press the red “Emergency STOP” button.
• “Stop” – incinerator standard stop mode.
In the top part of the control panel, there are three analogue gauges used for checking:

• Fuel flow – “FUEL, BAR”;

• Air flow – “AIR, BAR”;
• Gas colour – “SMOKE, %”.
Air blower Bu is intended for supplying air to the incinerator. Control of the incinerator
air blower is exercised in much the same way as described in Gas Generator Air
Blower paragraph.

Besides, the digital gauges on the mnemonic diagram can be used for checking:

• Gas temperature in the incinerator dTI7;

• Carbon volume content in the incinerator dCrI7;
• CH volume content in the incinerator dCHI7.
Scrubbers
In the right-hand part of the mnemonic diagram there are devices intended for
clearing the cargo vapours of various admixtures: scrubber 1, scrubber 2.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 39
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Centrifugal pump Pabs (in the right bottom part of the mnemonic diagram) feeds
cargo from tank Ts4 via valves Vu4, Vu1 to the oil cooler. From the oil cooler,
via valve Vu3 or Vu2, the cargo is supplied to the scrubbers. The outlet liquid
temperature is checked by the indicator. After passing the scrubber, the cargo
is returned to tank Ts4.
The aforementioned pump and throttle valves are operated in a manner similar
to that described in Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term
Storage Tanks subsection.

Water Panel – Ballast and Rain Water Treatment System

The panel contains two oily water treatment systems:

• Ballast water treatment system is designed for the biological purification

of ballast water from the ships and its discharge into the sea;
• Rain water treatment system is used for collecting sea water from the spill
protection volumes, its further purification and discharge into the sea.
The systems are fitted out with the oil discharge monitoring and control (ODME)
equipment for tracing and recording the quality of the water discharged into the sea.
To perform functions ballast and rain water purification and discharge
functions, press “Water” button in the bottom part of the screen.

Ballast Water Treatment System

The left-hand part of the mnemonic diagram shows the main parts of the ballast
water treatment system.
From the oil tanker, the ballast water is supplied through the ballast line and biological
purification station for the sea water collection tank Tb where the sea water is
subjected to the precipitation gravity purification, and where the film is collected from
the water surface. To run and stop the device for the mechanical refinement and
ultraviolet treatment of the water, click the left mouse button on the tank cover.
From the settling tank, the water is pumped out with the centrifugal sampling pump
Pb1 with maximal capacity Q ≈ 50 m3/h by P ≈ 5 bar. The pump delivery can be
varied by suing valves Vb5, Vb6.
When the ballast waters are discharged into the sea, a sample is taken which is
passed through the oil discharge monitoring and control (ODMC) system. This
system is used for measuring the oil content concentration (instant and summary)
in the waters discharged into the sea.
Where the oil product content in the discharged ballast water is above the admissible
level, the discharging into the sea is stopped. The pump returns liquid back to Tb.
After passing the ODMС system sampler, ballast waters are discharged into the sea
through the open non-return valve Vb7.

Ballast water can be discharged in the automatic and manual mode (see Discharged
Water Quality Testing Equipment paragraph).

Procedures to control the aforementioned pump and throttle valves are detailed
in Storage Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks
subsection.

40 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Rain Water Treatment System

The right-hand part of the mnemonic diagram shows main parts of the rain water
treatment system.
The rain water is collected in eight spill protection volumes TwTo…, TwTc…, TwTj
and drains by gravity to Tw1 or Tw2 via the low delivery spring loaded valves.
From the berth collectors Tsj1 and Tsj2, rain water is fed to the settling tank Tw1 with
centrifugal pumps Ptw1, Ptw2 (see Jetty Panel – Oil Jetty Systems subsection).

The gravity settling of oil products and preliminary purification of oily waters take
place in settling tanks Tw1 or Tw2.
In tank Tw1, the rain water passes the first stage of purification. The clean water
is accumulated and settles in the bottom part of the tank. Through valve Rv1,
purified water from the bottom part of tank Tw1 is forced into settling tank Tw2 via
the transfer line. The liquid flow through the transfer line is limited to 0.1 m/s.
In settling tank Tw2 (lake), the second stage of purification takes place. Oily water
is subjected to gravity purification. The film is collected from the surface as the result
of mechanical clearing. To run and stop the device for the mechanical refinement and
ultraviolet treatment of the water, click the left mouse button on the tank cover.
From tank Tw2, the water is pumped out with the centrifugal sampler pump Pw1.
The pump delivery can be controlled by using valves Vw11, Vw12.
When the rain waters are discharged into the sea, a sample is taken which is
passed through the oil discharge monitoring and control system (ODMC). This
system is used for measuring the oil content concentration (instant and summary)
in the waters discharged into the sea.

Where the oil product content in the discharged rain water is above the admissible
level, the discharging into the sea is stopped. The pump returns liquid back to Tw2.
After passing the ODMС system, rain waters are discharged into the sea through
the open non-return valve Vw13.

Rain water can be discharged in the automatic and manual mode (see Discharged
Water Quality Testing Equipment paragraph).

Procedures to control the aforementioned pump and valves are detailed in Storage
Panel – System of Underground Long-Term Storage Tanks subsection.

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 41
Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

Discharged Water Quality Testing Equipment

ODMC system is designed for tracking and recording quality of the water discharged
into the sea.

To call the device control panel, position the cursor on its picture on the mnemonic
diagram and click the left mouse button. The screen will display “Monitoring Equipment”
control panel. The panel heading will contain designation of the selected device.

The right-hand part of the panel contains the following items:

• Analogue and digital oily water indicators (“PPM”);

• Digital gauges:
– Flow of water discharged into the sea (“Flow rate”), m3/h;
– Total amount of discharged petroleum product (“Total discharge”), m3/h;
– Sampler pump delivery (“Pump”), m3/h.
• Knob for switching the monitor to the automatic/manual discharge mode.
To set the required mode, position the cursor on the knob and use the mouse
in drag-and-drop mode to drag it to the required position:
– “Stop” – discharge valve is closed; sample pump is turned off;
– “Manual” – discharge valve and sample pump is controlled by the trainee with
“Start discharge”, “Stop discharge” and “Sample pump” buttons;
– “Auto” – oily water is pumped back in the tank automatically. If oil content in
the pumped out water is not exceed 80 ppm, water is discharged in the sea.
• Buttons for starting/stopping oily water discharge into the sea (“Start discharge”
and “Stop discharge”);
• Device calibration button (“Calibration”);
• Sampler pump start button (“Sample pump”).

42 LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2)
 Components of Oil/Product Terminal Control Console

The selected button is turned on/off by clicking the left mouse button. When turned
on, the button is backlighted.
In the right bottom part of the monitor, there is light “On/Off” indicator under the button;
it is turned on when power is connected to the ODMC system.

In the left part of the panel there are buttons for selecting
the recorder tape scale and oily water indicator scales.

In the table below, waters discharged into the sea are recorded, the following
parameters included:

• “Time” – recording time;

• “ppm” – oil content in the pumped out water;
• “Total” – total amount of the discharged petroleum product (m3).

LCHS 4000 OIL (v. 1.0). Oil/Product Terminal. Trainee Manual (edition 2) 43