Solutions To Circular Motion Practice Problems
Solutions To Circular Motion Practice Problems
PROBLEMS
1.
1. In aviation, a "standard turn" for a level flight of a propeller-type plane is one in which the plane
makes a complete circular turn in 2.00 minutes. If the speed of the plane is 170 m/s,
a. What is the radius of the circle?
2R 2R
v= 170 = R = 3247m
T 120
v2 (170) 2
ac = ac = ac = 8.9ms − 2
R 3247
2.
A fly of mass 2.00 g is sunning itself on a phonograph turntable at a location that is 4.00 cm from
the center. When the turntable is turned on and rotates at 45.0 rev/min, calculate the centripetal
force needed to keep the fly from slipping?
mv 2 R 4m 2 R 60 sec
F = mac = = T= = 1.33
T 45rev
4(0.002kg ) 2 (0.04m)
F= = 0.002 N
1.33s
3.
A 35.0 kg boy is swinging on a rope 7.00 m long. He passes through the lowest position with a speed
of 3.00 m/s. What is the tension on the rope at that moment?
mv 2
T= + mg
R
(35kg )(3m / s ) 2
T= + (35)(9.8)
7m
T = 388 N
4.
4. The earth orbits the sun in 365 days. What is the tangential speed, in m/s, of the earth in orbit?
The average sun-earth distance is 1.50 × 1011 m.
2R
v=
T
2 (1.5 1011 m)
v= = 29886m / s
(365d )(24hr )(3600s )
5.
5. A plane comes out of a power dive, turning upward in a curve whose center of curvature is 1300
m above the plane. The plane's speed is 260 m/s.
a. Calculate the upward force of the seat cushion on the 100 kg pilot of the plane.
mv 2 (100kg )(260m / s ) 2
F= + mg = + (100kg )(9.8ms − 2 ) = 6180 N
R 1300m
b. Calculate the upward force on a 90.0 g sample of blood in the pilot's head.
mv 2 (0.09kg )(260m / s ) 2
F= + mg = + (0.09kg )(9.8ms − 2 ) = 5.56 N
R 1300m
6.
The moon's mass is 7.35 × 1022 kg, and it moves around the earth approximately in a circle or radius
3.82 × 105 km. The time required for one revolution is 27.3 days. Calculate the centripetal force that
must act on the moon. How does this compare to the gravitational force that the earth exerts on the
moon at that same distance?
𝑓𝑠 1481
𝑓𝑠 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔 → 𝜇𝑠 = = = 0.126 = 0.13
𝑚𝑔 (1200)(9.8)
9.
An automobile corner curve of radius R at a speed v. In terms of R and v and any other required
physical constants, what is the minimum coefficient of friction required for the turn?
𝑣2
𝑣= 𝜇𝑠 𝑔𝑅 → 𝜇𝑠 =
𝑔𝑅
10.
A 10.0 kg block rests on a frictionless surface and is attached to a vertical peg by a rope. What is
the tension in the rope if the block is whirling in a horizontal circle of radius 2.00 m with a linear
speed of 20 m/s? What would be the tension in the rope at the top and the bottom of the swing if it
were whirled in a vertical circle?
𝑚 2
𝑣2 20 𝑠
𝐹𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎𝑐 = 𝑚 = 10 𝑘𝑔 = 2000𝑁
𝑅 2𝑚
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑡𝑜𝑝: 𝑇 = − 𝑚𝑔 = 2000 𝑁 − 10 9.8 = 1902 = 1900 𝑁
𝑅
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚: 𝑇 = + 𝑚𝑔 = 2000 𝑁 + 10 9.8 = 2098 = 2100 𝑁
𝑅
11.
A child twirls his yo-yo about his head rather than using it properly. The yo-yo has a mass of 0.200
kg and is attached to a string 0.800 m long.
a. If the “yo yo” makes a complete revolution each second, what tension must exist in the string?
4𝜋2 𝑅 4𝜋2 (0.8𝑚)
𝑇 = 𝐹𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎𝑐 = 𝑚 2 = 0.2 𝑘𝑔 = 6.32 𝑁
𝑇 (1𝑠)2
b. If the child increases the speed of the top so that it makes 2 complete revolutions per second, what
tension must be in the string?
𝐷𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛.
4𝜋2 𝑅 4𝜋2 (0.8𝑚)
𝑇 = 𝐹𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎𝑐 = 𝑚 2 = 0.2 𝑘𝑔 = 25.3 𝑁
𝑇 (0.5𝑠)2
𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑣𝑐 = 𝑔𝑅 = (9.8)(6.371 × 106 + 1) = 7902 (17384 )
𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
Same for the elephant, the critical speed equation is independent of the mass.
Air resistance would slow them down drastically
17.
Communications satellites are placed in what are called "geosynchronous" orbits around the earth.
This means that the satellite will have an orbital period which matches the period for one earth
revolution (one day). At what height above the surface of the earth must one place such a satellite in
order to achieve a geosynchronous orbit? How fast will the satellite be moving? Why is it desirable
for communications satellites to be placed in such orbits?
To geosynchronous, Fc = FG
𝑚1 𝑣 2 𝑚1 𝑚2
=𝐺 m1 cancels and r cancels with r2
𝑟 𝑟2
𝑚 2𝜋𝑟 2 𝑚 𝐺𝑚2 𝑇 2
𝑣2 = 𝐺 2 → = 𝐺 2 → 𝑟3 = →
𝑟 𝑇 𝑟 4𝜋2
3 𝐺𝑚2 𝑇 2 3 (6.67×10−11 )(5.98×1024 ) 24×3600 2
𝑟= = = 42250474.31 m = 4.23 x 107m
4𝜋2 4𝜋2
Subtract Earth’s radius to get height.
4.23 x 107m – 6.371 x 106 = 3.58 x 107 m
17.
How fast will the satellite be moving?
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋(4.23×107 ) 𝑚
𝑣= = = 3076
𝑇 (24×3600) 𝑠
As it is at greater height, it covers larger geographical area. Hence only 3 satellites are required to
cover the entire Earth.
➨Satellites are visible for 24 hours continuously from single fixed location on the Earth.
➨It is ideal for broadcasting and multi-point distribution applications.
➨Ground station tracking is not required as it is continuously visible from earth all the time from
fixed location.
➨Inter-satellite handoff is not needed.
➨Less number of satellites are needed to cover the entire earth. Total three satellites are sufficient
for the job.
➨Almost there is no doppler shift and hence less complex receivers can be used for the satellite
communication.
18.
If a roller coaster is to successfully execute a 20.0 m radius vertical loop, what speed must each car
on a roller coaster be traveling at the top of the loop. Does the speed required depend on the mass
of the roller coaster or that of the occupants? Most rides have a minimum height requirement. Why
are there no minimum or maximum weight restrictions?
𝑚
𝑣𝑐 = 𝑔𝑅 = (9.8)(20) = 14
𝑠
NOPE, no need to consider mass because the critical velocity is independent of mass.
19.
Refer to the diagram of a vertical loop roller coaster shown to the right. What is the minimum height
h that a roller coaster of mass m must begin if it is to successfully maneuver a loop of radius r?
1
𝑚𝑔ℎ = 𝑚𝑔2𝑟 + 𝑚𝑣 2
2
1
𝑚𝑔ℎ = 𝑚𝑔2𝑟 + 𝑚( 𝑔𝑟)2
2
1
𝑚𝑔ℎ = 𝑚𝑔2𝑟 + 𝑚𝑔𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑔′𝑠
2
1
ℎ = 2𝑟 + 𝑟 = 2.5 𝑟
2
20.
Banked curves are often used on racetracks to enable cars to safely execute turns at high speeds.
Assuming no friction to help the car stay in a circular curve, what is the maximum speed that a 2000
kg car can travel around a curve of radius 50.0 m if the angle at which the curve is banked is 25°
above the horizontal? With no friction, what will happen to a car if it goes slower than this speed?
What if it goes faster? Explain!
𝑣2 𝑚
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑣= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑔𝑅 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛25𝑜 (9.8)(50) = 15.1
𝑔𝑅 𝑠
Slower = car sliding down the bank because of the decrease in the force.
Faster = car sliding up the back because it is requiring a larger radius for that speed.
22.
22. An object of mass m is moving at a speed vo when it is at the bottom of a vertical circle as
shown in the diagram to the right. When the object reaches point P, it “falls” out of the
circle. If the speed of the block at the bottom of the circle is described by the equation
9
𝑣𝑜 = 𝑔𝐿, what is the angle 𝜃, at which the object quits moving in the circle?
2