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Java Notes Unit V

The document discusses Java applet programming including what applets are, the different types of applets, the steps to develop and test applets, building applet code, passing parameters to applets, the applet lifecycle, graphics programming using the Graphics class including drawing lines, rectangles, circles, ellipses, arcs and polygons.

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aiden.atz78
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

Java Notes Unit V

The document discusses Java applet programming including what applets are, the different types of applets, the steps to develop and test applets, building applet code, passing parameters to applets, the applet lifecycle, graphics programming using the Graphics class including drawing lines, rectangles, circles, ellipses, arcs and polygons.

Uploaded by

aiden.atz78
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Applet Programming:-

Applets are small Java programs that are primarily used in internet computing. They
can be transported over the internet from one computer to another and run using
the Applet Viewer. It can perform arithmetic operations, display graphics, play
sounds, accept user input, create animations.
1.Types of Applets:
There are two types of applets in java:
i) Local Applet
ii) Remote Applet
i) Local Applet:
An applet developed locally and stored in a local system is known as a local applet.
When a web page is trying to find a local applet, it does not need to use the internet
and therefore the local system does not require the internet connection.

ii) Remote Applet:


A remote applet is that which is developed by someone else and stored on a remote
computer connected to the internet. If our system is connected to the internet, we
can download the remote applet onto our system via the internet and run it. In
order to locate and load a remote applet, we must know the applet's address on the
web. This is known as Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
mywebsite =https://www.mywebsite.com// applets
2. Steps Involved in developing and testing in applets:
3. Building APPLET code:
The Applet class is contained in java.applet package provides an application,
where java calls the main() method directly to initiate the execution of the
program, when the applet is loaded. The paint() method of the Applet class, when it
is called, actually displays the result of the applet code on the screen.
public void paint(Graphics g) // paint() method requires Graphics class with object
g
Example:
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class HelloWorld extends Applet{
public void paint(Graphics g){
g.drawString("Hello World", 10, 100); // 10 as width and 100 as height
}
}

Java <APPLET...></APPLET> Tag:-


The HTML <applet> tag is used to embed the Java applet in an HTML document.
The <applet> tag takes a number of attributes, with one of the most important
being the code attribute. This code attribute is used to link a Java applet to the
concerned HTML document. It specifies the file name of the Java applet. Applet
program can be run using appletviewer Class_name.html.
Syntax:
<APPLET
attribute 1 = value 1
attribute 2 = value 2
.........
......... >
</APPLET>
Example:
<applet
code="Hello.class"
align="right"
height="200"
width="300">
</applet>

2. Passing parameters to Applets:-


We can supply user-defined parameters to an applet using <PARAM...> tags.
Applet class provides a method named getParameter(). Parameters are passed on
an applet when it is loaded. We can define the init() method in the applet to get
hold of the parameters defined in the <PARAM> tags.
Example:
//Create html file by ParamExample.html
<html>
<body>
<applet code="ParamExample.class" width="300" height="300">
<param name="msg" value="Welcome to applet">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

//create java file by ParamExample.java


import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;

public class ParamExercise extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){


String str=getParameter("msg");
g.drawString(str,50, 50);
}
}

Java Applet Life Cycle:-


Every Java applet inherits a set of default behaviors from the Applet class. As a
result, when an applet is loaded, it undergoes a series of changes in its state.

The applet state includes:

• Born on initialization state


• Running state
• Idle state
• Dead or destroyed state
1. Initialization State:

Applet enters the initialization state when it is first loaded. This is achieved by
calling the init() method of the Applet class. The initialization occurs only once in
the applet's life cycle.

public void init(){


.........
......... (action)
}

2. Running State:

The start() method contains the actual code of the applet that should run. The
start() method executes immediately after the init() method. It also executes
whenever the applet is restored, maximized or moving from one tab to another tab
in the browser.

public void start(){


.........
......... (action)
}

3. Idle or Stopped State:

The stop() method stops the execution of the applet. The stop() method executes
when the applet is minimized or when moving from one tab to another in the
browser.

public void stop(){


.........
......... (action)
}

4. Dead State: The destroy() method executes when the applet window is closed
or when the tab containing the web page is closed. The stop() method executes just
before when destroy() method is invoked. The destroy() method removes the
applet object from memory.
public void destroy(){
.........
......... (action)
}

5. Display State:

The paint() method is used to redraw the output on the applet display area. The
paint() method executes after the execution of start() method and whenever the
applet or browser is resized.

public void paint(Graphics g){


.........
......... (Display statements)
}

Graphics Programming:-
Java Graphics class:-

To perform graphics like shapes, lines, textbox, label, checkbox, frames, and menu
bars in java, the Graphics class is used. The Graphics class defines a number of
drawing functions, Each shape can be drawn edge-only or filled. To draw shapes
on the screen, we may call one of the methods available in the Graphics class. The
most commonly used drawing methods included in the graphics class are listed
below.1. Lines:

The simplest shape we can draw with the graphics class is a line. The drawLine()
method takes two pairs of coordinates, (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) as arguments and
draws a line between them. The g is the Graphics object passed to the paint()
method.

syntax:

void drawLine(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY);


Example:

// Lines.java
//Drawing Lines
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Lines extends Applet


{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawLine(0,0,100,100);
g.drawLine(0,100,100,0);
g.drawLine(40,25,250,180);
g.drawLine(5,290,80,19);
}
}

//Lines.html
<html>
<head>
<applet code=Lines.class
width=300 Height=250>
</applet>
</head>
</html>

2. Rectangle:

The drawRect() and fillRect() methods display an outlined and filled rectangle,
respectively. The upper-left corner of the rectangle is at(top, left). The dimensions
of the rectangle are specified by width and height. Use drawRoundRect() or
fillRoundRect() to draw a rounded rectangle. A rounded rectangle has rounded
corners.
syntax:

void drawRect(int top, int left, int width, int height);


void fillRect(int top, int left, int width, int height);
void drawRoundRect(int top,int left,int width, int height int Xdiameter, int
YDiameter);
void fillRoundRect(int top,int left,int width, int height int Xdiameter, int
YDiameter);

Example:

//Rectangle.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Rectangle extends Applet


{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawRect(10,10,60,50);
g.fillRect(100,100,100,0);
g.drawRoundRect(190,10,60,50,15,15);
g.fillRoundRect(70,90,140,100,30,40);
}
}

//Rectangle.html
<html>
<head>
<applet code=Rectangle.class width=300 Height=250>
</applet>
</head>
</html>
3. Circles and Ellipses:

The Graphics class does not contain any method for circles or ellipses. To draw an
ellipse, use drawOval(). To fill an ellipse, use fillOval(). To draw a circle, specify a
square as the bounding rectangle i.e get height = width. The ellipse is drawn within
a bounding rectangle whose upper-left corner is specified by (top, left) and whose
width and height are specified by width and height.

syntax:

void drawOval(int top, int left, int width, int height);


void fillOval(int top, int left, int width, int height);

Example:

//Ellipses.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Ellipses extends Applet


{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawOval(10,10,60,50);
g.fillOval(100,10,75,50);
g.drawOval(190,10,90,30);
g.fillOval(70,90,140,100);
}
}
//Ellipses.html
<html>
<head>
<applet code=Ellipses.class
width=300 Height=250>
</applet>
</head>
</html>
4. Drawing Arcs:

An arc is a part of the oval. Arcs can be drawn with draw Arc() and fillArc()
methods. The arc is bounded by the rectangle whose upper-left corner is specified
by (top, left) and whose width and height are specified by width and height. The
arc is drawn from the start Angle through the angular distance specified by the
sweep Angle. Angles are specified in degree. The arc is drawn counterclockwise if
sweep Angle is positive, and clockwise if sweet Angle is negative.

syntax:

void drawArc(int top, int left, int width, int height, int startAngle, int sweetAngle);
void fillArc(int top, int left, int width, int height, int startAngle, int sweetAngle);

Example:

//Arcs.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Arcs extends Applet


{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawArc(10,40,70,70,0,75);
g.fillArc(100,40,70,70,0,75);
g.drawArc(10,100,70,80,0,175);
g.fillArc(100,100,70,90,0,270);
g.drawArc(200,80,80,80,0,180);
}
}
//Arcs.html
<html>
<head>
<applet code=Arcs.class
width=300 Height=250>
</applet>
</head>
</html>
5. Polygons:

Polygons are shapes with many sides. It may be considered a set of lines
connected. Use drawPolygon() and fillPolygon() to draw arbitrarily shaped figures.
The polygon's endpoints are specified by the coordinate pairs contained within the
x and y arrays. The number of points defined by x and y is specified by numPoints.
Obviously, x and y arrays should be of the same size and we must repeat the first
point at the end of the array to close the polygon.

syntax:

void drawPolygon(int ,[] , int y[], int numPointer);


void fillPolygon(int ,[] , int y[], int numPointer);

Example:

//Polygon.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Polygon extends Applet


{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
int xpoints[]={30,200,30,200,30};
int ypoints[]={30,30,200,200,30};
int num=5;
g.drawPolygon(xpoints,ypoints,num);
}
}

//Polygon.html
<html>
<head>
<applet code=Polygon.class
width=300 Height=250>
</applet>
</head>
</html>

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