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Lab 5

The document discusses an experiment involving measurements taken from a distribution transformer setup. It describes the transformer components and circuit configuration used in the experiment. The results showed voltage measurements indicating the transformer's polarity and concluded it provided a subtractive voltage transformation.

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John Rex Erandio
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18 views5 pages

Lab 5

The document discusses an experiment involving measurements taken from a distribution transformer setup. It describes the transformer components and circuit configuration used in the experiment. The results showed voltage measurements indicating the transformer's polarity and concluded it provided a subtractive voltage transformation.

Uploaded by

John Rex Erandio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE

Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

THE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER


LABORATORY EXPERIMENT #5
TELE 3-1

Submitted by
IBARDALOZA, JOSHUA, A.
COMETA, SEAN LYNDON
RESPICIO, OSCEL
ERANDIO, JOHN REX

QF-PQM-035 (11.10.2021) Rev.04

• VIRTUE • EXCELLENCE • SERVICE


EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

INTRODUCTION

Transmission transformers are essential elements in the electrical power distribution


system, converting high voltage energy into lower voltages suitable for residential,
commercial, and industrial use. The design, types, and applications of distribution
transformers are vital for engineers and technicians involved in electricity distribution
planning and maintenance. In this experiment, we delve into the intricacies of
distribution transformers, encompassing their design principles, various types, and
practical applications in diverse electrical systems. This experiment provides participants
with an understanding of the fundamental principles of electrical power distribution by
examining the construction details and operational features of distribution transformers.
Distribution transformers are intricate devices that effectively regulate voltage levels
and ensure a steady power supply to users. This experiment introduces participants to
the various components of a distribution transformer, such as the oil tank, conservator,
Buchholz relay, and thermal relay. Participants gain practical knowledge in electrical
engineering and power distribution management by understanding how each
component functions and its role in maintaining transformer integrity and safety. This
experiment also explores various types of distribution transformers, including single-
phase, three-phase, pad-mounted, and pole-mounted transformers. Participants learn
about each type’s unique characteristics and applications, enabling them to make
informed decisions about transformer selection and installation based on individual
requirements and environmental conditions. This experiment offers participants a
comprehensive understanding of distribution transformers through hands-on activities
and discussions, fostering greater efficiency and reliability in electrical power
distribution networks.

QF-PQM-035 (11.10.2021) Rev.04

• VIRTUE • EXCELLENCE • SERVICE


EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

Objectives

Understand the structure and elements of a distribution transformer. Familiarize


yourself with the various kinds of distribution transformers and their applications.
Understand the function of distribution transformers in electricity distribution. Learn
about the safety measures and maintenance techniques for distribution transformers.
Apply the theoretical understanding to actual electrical engineering scenarios.

Discussion
Connect your single-phase transformer, resistive load, power supply, AC ammeter, and
AC voltmeter according to the circuit diagram in Figure 44-1. Make sure the primary
winding (3 to 4) is connected to the 0-208 V AC output of the power supply, terminals 4
and 5. Connect the transformer secondary winding terminals 1 to 2 and 5 to 6 in series
to achieve a 240 V AC voltage between points A and B. Use a single independent
resistance section for R1 and R2. Ensure all resistance switches are in their open
positions before starting. Turn on the power supply and adjust it to achieve a voltage of
208 V AC, as indicated by the power supply voltmeter.
Measure and record the following parameters in Table 44-1: the total output voltage of
the transformer (ET), the voltages across each of the loads (E1 and E2), the line
currents (I1 and I2), and the current in the neutral line (IN). Place a resistance of 300
ohms in each load circuit by closing the appropriate switches. Measure and record all
the quantities specified in Table 44-1. The current in the neutral line is zero because the

QF-PQM-035 (11.10.2021) Rev.04

• VIRTUE • EXCELLENCE • SERVICE


EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

loads in the circuit are balanced, causing the currents in the hot conductors to cancel
each other out in the neutral conductor, resulting in no net current flow in the neutral
line.
Place a 1700-ohm resistance in the R2 load while keeping R1 at 300 ohms. Monitor and
note all the necessary measurements. Once done, set the voltage to zero and switch off
the power source. The neutral line current is the difference between the line currents
due to balanced load conditions, where the currents in the hot conductors cancel each
other out in the neutral conductor as per Kirchhoff’s current law. This ensures that the
net current in the neutral line is the difference of the line currents. Disconnect the
neutral line from the transformer by removing the connection between the transformer
and the neutral current meter (IN). Switch on the power supply and adjust it to 201 V
AC, as shown by the power supply voltmeter.
Measure and note all the necessary measurements. After noting, set the voltage to zero
and turn off the power supply. If R1 and R2 were incandescent lamps in a home, there
would be noticeable changes in brightness due to fluctuations or imbalances in current
flow. Reconnect the neutral line from the transformer to the neutral current meter (IN).
Replace load R2 with the inductance module. Set R1 to 400 ohms and R2 to an
inductive reactance (X1) of 400 ohms. Switch on the power supply and adjust it to 028
V AC. Measure and note all the necessary measurements. After noting, set the voltage
to zero and turn off the power supply. To ascertain if the neutral line current equals the
arithmetic difference of the line currents, compare their values. If the loads are
balanced and purely resistive, they should be equal. However, if the loads contain
reactive components, there might be deviations due to phase shifts and power factor
considerations.

QF-PQM-035 (11.10.2021) Rev.04

• VIRTUE • EXCELLENCE • SERVICE


EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

Results

The laboratory study provides an in-depth review of various electrical circuit


experiments involving transformers, resistive loads, power sources, and measurement
devices. Participants go through several phases in each experiment to understand and
analyze different electrical circuit configurations, emphasizing key concepts like load
balancing, voltage adjustment, and current measurement. Each experiment emphasizes
practical learning and the application of theoretical concepts in electrical engineering.
Participants gain practical insights into the behavior of electrical circuits under different
load scenarios and configurations by following the step-by-step instructions of the
experiments. They learn to use voltmeters and ammeters to measure electrical
quantities, adjust voltages, and handle resistive loads. These experiments enhance
participants’ technical skills and deepen their understanding of electrical circuit analysis
and troubleshooting strategies.
Furthermore, the tests offer a better understanding of the significance of balanced
loads, power factor concerns, and the behavior of reactive components in electrical
circuits. Participants learn how to evaluate measurement data and make judgments
about the performance and efficiency of electrical systems. In conclusion, these
experiments are valuable tools for hands-on learning and skill development in electrical
engineering, providing participants with practical knowledge that can be applied to real-
world situations.
The results showed that V1 was 230V, higher than V2 at 200V. This result indicated
that the transformer’s polarity was subtractive. To conclude, the students took a
systematic approach, making assumptions about terminal connections and measuring
voltage to determine the transformer’s polarity. The obtained data confirmed their
conclusions on the polarity of the transformer.

QF-PQM-035 (11.10.2021) Rev.04

• VIRTUE • EXCELLENCE • SERVICE

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