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Lecture 3 - EEE - 101 - SHC

The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, including Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law. It provides examples of using each law to solve circuits. It also discusses nodal analysis techniques for analyzing circuits by applying Kirchhoff's current law at nodes.

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16 views43 pages

Lecture 3 - EEE - 101 - SHC

The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, including Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law. It provides examples of using each law to solve circuits. It also discusses nodal analysis techniques for analyzing circuits by applying Kirchhoff's current law at nodes.

Uploaded by

mr.atikurrahman920
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EEE-1101: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

LECTURE-3

Sheikh Hasib Cheragee


Lecturer
Computer Science And Engineering
State University Of Bangladesh
Email: [email protected]
Kirchhoff’s Laws
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states
that the algebraic sum of the potential rises and drops around a
closed loop (or path) is zero.
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
❖ The applied voltage of a series circuit equals the sum of the voltage drops
across the series elements.

❖Find
Vx
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Example: Determine the unknown voltages for the


networks
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Example: Find V1 and V2 for the network of the Figure.

Solution:

V1 = 40 V
V2 = -20V
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

For the circuit given, answer the following


questions:

i) Determine V2 using Kirchhoff’s voltage


law.
ii) Determine I.
iii) Find R1 and R3.
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
Voltage Divider Rule
Kirchhoff’s Current Law

❖ Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states that the algebraic sum of the currents entering
and leaving an area, system, or junction is zero.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Example: Determine the currents I3 and I4 of the Figure using Kirchhoff’s current law.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Example: Determine the currents I1, I3, I4 and I5 of the Figure using Kirchhoff’s current
law.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Example: Determine the currents I3and I5 of the Figure using Kirchhoff’s current law.
Current Divider Rule

❖For two parallel elements of equal value, the current will


divide equally.

❖For parallel elements with different values, the smaller the


resistance, the greater the share of input current.

❖For parallel elements of different values, the current will


split with a ratio equal to the inverse of their resistor
values.
Current Divider Rule
Current Divider Rule

Example: Determine the currents I1 of the Figure using current divider law.
Wheatstone Bridge

Bridge circuit is balanced


when:

𝑅1 𝑅3
=
𝑅2 𝑅4
Cramer’s Rule
❖ In linear algebra, Cramer's rule is an explicit formula for the solution of a system of
linear equations with as many equations as unknowns.

❖ It is named after Gabriel Cramer (1704–1752), who published the rule for an
arbitrary number of unknowns in 1750
Nodal Analysis

❖A circuit analysis technique

❖We will now employ Kirchhoff’s current law to develop a method


referred to as Nodal Analysis.

❖A node is defined as a junction of two or more branches.

❖To obtain the complete the solution of a network these nodal


voltages are evaluated.
Nodal Analysis
1. Determine the number of nodes within the network.

2. Pick a reference node, and label each remaining node with a subscripted value of
voltage: V1, V2, and so on.

3. Apply Kirchhoff ’s current law at each node except the reference. Assume that all
unknown currents leave the node for each application of Kirchhoff ’s current law. In
other words, for each node, don’t be influenced by the direction that an unknown
current for another node may have had. Each node is to be treated as a separate
entity, independent of the application of Kirchhoff ’s current law to the other nodes.

4. Solve the resulting equations for the nodal voltages.


Nodal Analysis

At node 1,
Nodal Analysis
❑ Calculate the node voltages in the circuit.
Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis: Practice Problem
❑ Calculate the node voltages in the circuit.
Nodal Analysis: Practice Problem
❑ Calculate the node voltages in the circuit.
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source
❑ Apply Nodal Analysis to the network of the figure
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source
❑ Apply Nodal Analysis to the network of the figure
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source: Practice Problem

❑ Apply Nodal Analysis to the network of the figure


Independent Sources
Dependent Sources
Types of Dependent Sources

1. A voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS)

2. A current-controlled voltage source (CCVS)

3. A voltage-controlled current source (VCCS)

4. A current-controlled current source (CCCS)


Types of Dependent Sources

Current Controlled Voltage Source Current Controlled Current


Source
Nodal Analysis with Dependent Source
❑ Calculate the node voltages in the circuit.
Nodal Analysis with Dependent Source
Nodal Analysis with Dependent Source
Nodal Analysis with Dependent Source: Practice Problem

❑ Calculate the node voltages in the circuit.


Thank You

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