Assignments Exams MSO 2023

Assignment 4 -MSO 203 M
October 30, 2023
Problem 1:
Does the following problems satisfies non-characteristics condition:
1)
ux − 3uy = u4 , u(x, 0) = 1
2)
ux + uy = u,
u(x, x) = ex
3)
ux + uy = u,
u(x, x) = 1
Solution (1) In this problem a = 1, b = −3.
The initial curve is x− axis and hence f (s) = s, h(s) = 0 and g(s) = 1.
Now
bf ′ (s) − ah′ (s) = −3 ̸= 0
. Hence the problem satisfies the NON CE condition and we can conclude from
the main theorem of method of characterisitcs that the problem admits a unique
(that we can find by method of characteristics) in some neighbourhood of x-axis.
(2) In this problem

a = 1, b = 1.
The initial curve is the line y = x axis and hence f (s) = s, h(s) = s and we
have g(s) = 1.
Now
bf ′ (s) − ah′ (s) = 0
. Hence the problem does not satisfies the NON CE condition.
Note: In this case, we cannot say any thing about existence /uniqueness. In
fact we have seen in last assignment that this problem admits infinite number
of solutions.
1
(3) In this problem
a = 1, b = 1.
The initial curve is the line y = x axis and hence f (s) = s, h(s) = s and we
have g(s) = 1.
Now
bf ′ (s) − ah′ (s) = 0
. Hence the problem does not satisfies the NON CE condition.
Note: In this case, we cannot say any thing about existence /uniqueness. In
fact one can see that this problem does not admit any solution.
Problem 2: Consider the problem
ux + xuy = u2 , u(x, x2 /2) = g(x).
Show that solution of the above problem exist if and only if

c
g(x) =
1 − cx
for some c ∈ R.
Solution (2)
The initial curve for this problems is y = x2 /2. Therefore any arbitrary
point on the initial curve is given by (s, s2 /2).
Writing down the Characteristics equation with initial data given by an
arbitrary function H, we get
x′ (t) = 1, x(0) = s
y ′ (t) = x(t), x(0) = s2 /2
z ′ (t) = z 2 , z(0) = H(s).
Solving them we get,
x(t) = t + s,
y(t) = t2 /2 + st + s2 /2
−1/z(t) = t − 1/H(s),
This implies
H(s)
z(t) = .............(1)
1 − tH(s)
At s = 0, that at the initial point (0, 0), the projected characteristics is clearly
the parabola 2y = x2 . Notice this is also the Initial curve. Therefore,
H(0)
u(x, x2 /2) = .
1 − xH(0)
2
But we know that
u(x, x2 /2) = g(x).
Therefore, we have
g(x) = c/(1 − cx).
For any other choice of g, clearly (1) will be violated.
Problem 3: Classify the following second order linear PDEs.

1. xuxx + uyy = 0, in the region x > 0 (Tricomi Equation)
Solution: Look at the book of Shankara Rao.
Problem 4: Find the general solution of the problem after reducing it to

its canonical form
25uxx + 60uxy + 32uyy = 0.
Solution 4:
Here B = 60, A = 25, C = 32. B 2 − 4AC = 3600 − 3200 = 400.. Hence the
problem is of HYPERBOLIC type.
Both the change of variables in this case can be found out by solving the
equation:
p
2Ady/dx = B + B 2 − 4AC = 80
p
2Ady/dx = B − B 2 − 4AC = 40.
That is
5y − 8x = K1
and
5y − 4x = K2 .
Therefore the change of variables can be written down as
ξ(x, y) = 5y − 8x
and
η(x, y) = 5y − 4x.
Now calculating the coefficients
Ã = Aξx2 + Bξx ξy + Cξy2 = 0
Similarly calculating C̃ = D̃ = Ẽ = F̃ = G̃ = 0 and B̃ = −400 ̸= 0. Therefore

the cannonical form is
vξη = 0.
Therefore the general solution is
v(ξ, η) = f (ξ) + g(η).
3
Therefore finally going back to xy-coordinate system, we have
u(x, y) = f (5y − 8x) + g(5y − 4x).
Problem 5: Reduce the following problem it to its canonical form
uxx + 2uxy + uyy = 0.
Solution 5: Here B = 2, A = C = 1. B 2 − 4AC = 0. Hence the problem

is of Parabolic type.
Therefore the only change of variable is obtained by looking at the equation
dy/dx = B/2A = 1.
This implies y − x = constant. Therefore the change of variable is chosen as
ξ(x, y) = y − x. The other change of variable can be simply chosen to be
η(x, y) = x,
as
ξx ηy − ξy ηx = (−1)(0) − 1 = −1 ̸= 0.
Now calculating the coefficients
Ã = Aξx2 + Bξx ξy + Cξy2 = 0.
Similarly, calculating the other expressions
B̃ = 1, D̃ = 0, Ẽ = 0, F̃ = 0, G̃ = 0,
Therefore the required cannonical form is
vηη = 0.

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Assignment 4 -MSO 203 M

October 30, 2023

(2) In this problem

Problem 2: Consider the problem

ux + xuy = u2 , u(x, x2 /2) = g(x).

Show that solution of the above problem exist if and only if

Problem 3: Classify the following second order linear PDEs.

Problem 4: Find the general solution of the problem after reducing it to

Ã = Aξx2 + Bξx ξy + Cξy2 = 0

Similarly calculating C̃ = D̃ = Ẽ = F̃ = G̃ = 0 and B̃ = −400 ̸= 0. Therefore

v(ξ, η) = f (ξ) + g(η).

u(x, y) = f (5y − 8x) + g(5y − 4x).

Problem 5: Reduce the following problem it to its canonical form

uxx + 2uxy + uyy = 0.

Solution 5: Here B = 2, A = C = 1. B 2 − 4AC = 0. Hence the problem

Ã = Aξx2 + Bξx ξy + Cξy2 = 0.

Similarly, calculating the other expressions

Therefore the required cannonical form is

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