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MicroprocessorBasedSystems Term-II Lec6 Embedded C Programming Interrupts

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Mohamed Salah
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18 views

MicroprocessorBasedSystems Term-II Lec6 Embedded C Programming Interrupts

Uploaded by

Mohamed Salah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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E1322

Microprocessor based Systems II

‘Embedded C programming-
Interrupts’

Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry

Date: 16.03.2024, Time: 13:50


Objective

▪ Be able to program 8051 interrupt, ADC and


DAC in embedded C.

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 2


Overview

▪ The 8051 compiler have extensive support


for the interrupts
▪ They assign a unique number to each of the 8051
interrupts

▪ It can assign a register bank to an ISR


▪ This avoids code overhead due to the pushes and pops of
the R0 – R7 registers
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© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 8
ADC Interfacing in Embedded C

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 9


© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 10
ADC0808 Timing Diagram

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 11


ADC0808 Programming Steps

▪ Clock
▪ You'll need to generate or provide a clock signal to
the ADC0808. This might be done externally or by
toggling a GPIO pin in the 8051 in a timer
interrupt.
▪ Address
▪ The address lines need to be set before the ALE
pulse. This will select which channel you are
reading from.
▪ ALE (Address Latch Enable)
▪ Set ALE high and then low to latch in the address.

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 12


ADC0808 Programming Steps

▪ Start
▪ After a brief delay (following the ALE pulse), set
START high and then low to initiate conversion.
▪ EOC (End of Conversion)
▪ Wait for EOC to go low, which indicates the
conversion is complete. Better to wait till it goes
high again.
▪ Output Enable
▪ After EOC goes low, set OE high to enable the
output of the data. The data will be valid for
reading as indicated in the timing diagram.
▪ Data Outputs
▪ Read the data outputs from the ADC0808.
© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 13
Code Example

#include <reg51.h>

// Control Pins
sbit ALE = P3^3;
sbit START = P3^4;
sbit EOC = P3^5;
sbit OE = P3^6;
sbit CLOCK = P3^7; // Timer 0 will toggle this clock pin (500kHz)

#define ADC_DATA P1

void Timer0_ISR(void) interrupt 1 {


CLOCK = ~CLOCK; // Toggle the CLOCK pin on each interrupt
}

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 14


Code Example
void ADC_Init() {
// Initialize control pins
ALE = 0;
START = 0;
OE = 0;
// Initialize Timer 0 in mode 2 (8-bit auto-reload)
TMOD &= 0xF0; // Clear Timer 0 mode bits
TMOD |= 0x02; // Set Timer 0 in mode 2
// Calculate and set the reload value for Timer 0 to get the desired clock rate
// Assuming a 12 MHz oscillator, a 500 kHz clock can be generated as follows:
// 12 MHz / 24 = 500 kHz, hence a reload value of 256 - 24 = 232 (0xE8)
TH0 = 0xE8;
TL0 = 0xE8;

// Enable Timer 0 interrupt


ET0 = 1;

// Start Timer 0
TR0 = 1;

// Global interrupt enable


EA = 1;
}
© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 15
Code Example
unsigned char ADC_Read() {
// Start the ADC conversion
ALE = 1;
START = 1;
ALE = 0;
START = 0;

// Wait for conversion to complete


while(EOC == 1);
while(EOC == 0);
// Enable output
OE = 1;

// Short delay to allow for data line stabilization


_nop_(); // Assembly instruction for No Operation (acts as a small delay)

// Read ADC data


unsigned char adc_value = ADC_DATA;

// Disable output
OE = 0;

return adc_value;
}
© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 16
Code Example

void main() {
ADC_Init(); // Initialize ADC and
Timer 0 for clock generation

while(1) {
unsigned char value =
ADC_Read();
// Process the value or display it
}
}

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 17


DAC0808 Interface Code Example
#include <reg51.h>

// Define the DAC ports


#define DAC_PORT P2

// Sine wave lookup table (for example: 32 entries of 8-bit sine wave
values)
unsigned char code sine_table[] = {
128, 176, 218, 245, 255, 245, 218, 176,
128, 79, 37, 10, 0, 10, 37, 79,
//... repeat pattern or fill in the rest of the sine values
};

// Variable to access the sine wave table


unsigned int sine_index = 0;
© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 18
DAC0808 Interface Code Example

// Timer 0 ISR
void Timer0_ISR(void) interrupt 1 {
// Write the next value from the sine table to the DAC
DAC_PORT = sine_table[sine_index];

// Increment the sine_index to point to the next value


sine_index++;
if(sine_index >= sizeof(sine_table)) {
sine_index = 0; // Wrap around at the end of the table
}
}

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 19


DAC0808 Interface Code Example

void Timer0_Init() {
// Timer 0 in mode 2 (auto-reload mode)
TMOD = (TMOD & 0xF0) | 0x02; // Set T0 to mode 2

// Calculate and set the reload value for Timer 0 to get the required interrupt rate
// Example values given for a 12 MHz clock to produce a 256 kHz update rate
TH0 = 0xA4; // Timer high byte (reload value)
TL0 = 0xA4; // Timer low byte (initial value)

// Enable Timer 0 interrupt


ET0 = 1;
// Start Timer 0
TR0 = 1;
// Global interrupt enable
EA = 1;
}

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 20


DAC0808 Interface Code Example

void DAC_Init() {
// Initialize the DAC port as output
DAC_PORT = 0x00; // Set all DAC pins to low
}

void main() {
DAC_Init();
Timer0_Init();

while(1) {
// Main loop can be used to perform other tasks or put the MCU
in low-power mode
// DAC update is handled by the Timer 0 interrupt
}
}
© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 15.03.2024 21
Appendix

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