Part 9
Part 9
Part 9
35
Situation: An engineer needs a value of lift force(FL ) for an airplane.
Coefficient of lift: CL = 0.4.
Definition of coefficient of lift.
FL
CL = 2 2
ρV S
Density of ambient air: ρ = 1.1 kg/ m3 .
Speed of the air relative to the airplane: V = 80 m/ s.
Planform area (i.e. area from a top view): A = 15 m2 .
APPROACH
Use the specified value of CL = 0.4 along with the definition of this π-group.
ANALYSIS
From the definition of CL :
µ ¶
ρV 2
FL = CL S
2
(1.1 kg/ m3 ) (80 m/ s)2 ¡ ¢
= (0.4) 15 m2
2
= 21, 100 N
FL = 21.1 kN
COMMENTS
684
PROBLEM 8.36
Situation: A 1/5 scale model of a plane is tested in a wind tunnel–additional details
are provided in the problem statement.
Find: Density of the air in tunnel.
APPROACH
Dynamic similarity based on matching Reynolds number and Mach number.
ANALYSIS
Match Reynolds number
Rem = Rep
(V D/ν)m = (V D/ν)p
(Vm /Vp ) = (Dp /Dm )(ν m /ν p )
ν m /ν p = (Vm Dm /Vp Dp )
(µm ρp /µp ρm ) = (Vm Dm /Vp Dp )
ρm = ρp (µm /µp )(Vp /Vm )(Dp /Dm ) (1)
Mm = Mp
(V /c)m = (V /c)p
(Vm /Vp ) = cm /cp
√ √
= (( kRT )m /( kRT )p )
q
= Tm /Tp = (298/283)1/2 (2)
685
PROBLEM 8.37
Situation: Flow in a pipe is being tested with air and water.
Find: Velocity ratio: Vair /Vwater
ANALYSIS
Match Reynolds number
ReA = ReW
VA LA /ν A = VW LW /ν W ; but LA /LW = 1
∴ VA VW = ν A /ν W ≈ (1.6)(10−4 )/(1.2)(10−5 )(at 60◦ F )
VA /VW > 1
686
PROBLEM 8.38
Situation: Pipe flow is being studied–additional details are provided in the problem
statement.
Find: Mean velocity of water in model to insure dynamic similarity.
ANALYSIS
Match Reynolds number
Rem = Rep
Vm dm ρm /µm = Vp dp ρp /µp
Vm = Vp (dp /dm )(ρp /ρm )(µm /µp )
Vm = (3 ft/s)(48/4)(1.75/1.94)((2.36 × 10−5 )/(4 × 10−4 ))
Vm = 1.92 ft/s
687
PROBLEM 8.39
Situation: A student team is designing a radio-controlled blimp.
APPROACH
Find the Reynolds number by direct calculation. Find the drag force using the
definition of CD . Find power (P ) by using the product of force and speed: P = FDrag V.
ANALYSIS
Reynolds number
V Dρ
Re =
µ
(0.75 m/ s) (0.475 m) (1.2 kg/ m3 )
=
(18.1 × 10−6 N · s/ m2 )
Re = 23, 600
Projected area
688