The document discusses several problems involving dimensional analysis and pi groups. It analyzes functional relationships between variables and uses step-by-step and exponent methods to determine pi groups. Reynolds number matching is used to find a model test condition for one problem.
The document discusses several problems involving dimensional analysis and pi groups. It analyzes functional relationships between variables and uses step-by-step and exponent methods to determine pi groups. Reynolds number matching is used to find a model test condition for one problem.
The document discusses several problems involving dimensional analysis and pi groups. It analyzes functional relationships between variables and uses step-by-step and exponent methods to determine pi groups. Reynolds number matching is used to find a model test condition for one problem.
The document discusses several problems involving dimensional analysis and pi groups. It analyzes functional relationships between variables and uses step-by-step and exponent methods to determine pi groups. Reynolds number matching is used to find a model test condition for one problem.
25 Situation: Liquid is moving through a bed of sand–additional details are provided in the problem statement. Find: The π−groups.
APPROACH Use the step-by-step method.
ANALYSIS The functional relationship is
∆p = f (D, L, α, µ, ρ) Using the step-by-method M M ∆p 1 ∆pρ∆s2 ∆p LT 2 ∆p∆s T2 ρ∆s2 T2 µ2 0 D D D D L ∆s 0 ∆s 0 ∆s 0 ∆s L α 0 α 0 α 0 α 0 M M µ 1 µ LT µ∆s T ρ∆s2 T M ρ L3 ρ∆s3 M In the first step, the length was removed with ∆s. In the second step, the mass was removed with ρ∆s3 . In the third step, time was removed with µ/ρ∆s2 . Finally the functional form is √ ρ∆p∆s D µ = f ( ∆s , α)
673 PROBLEM 8.26 Situation: An oscillating fin is being tested in a wind tunnel–additional details are provided in the problem statement. Find: The π−groups.
APPROACH Use the exponent method.
ANALYSIS The functional relationship is
FD = f (ρ, V, S, ω) Writing out the dimensional parameters using the exponent method
FDa = ρb V c S d ω e Including the dimensions µ ¶a µ ¶b µ ¶c µ ¶e ML M L 2d 1 = L T2 L3 T T Writing the equations for dimensional homogeneity,
M : a=b L : a = −3b + c + 2d T : 2a = c + e Solving for a, b and c in terms of d, and e gives
a = d − e/2 b = d − e/2 c = 2d − 2e Substituting into the original equation d−e/2 FD = ρd−e/2 V 2d−2e S d ωe
µ ¶d à !e 1/2 FD FD ω = ρV 2 S ρ1/2 V 2 so 1/2 FD FD ω 2 = f ( 1/2 ) ρV S ρ V2
674 It is standard practice to eliminate FD from the right side of the equation. To do this, we may use the concept that π-groups may be combined by multiplication or division. The result is ³ ´ FD ω2 S ρV 2 S =f V2
675 PROBLEM 8.27 Situation: The problem statement describes a centrifugal pump. Find: The π-groups.
APPROACH Use the step-by-step method.
ANALYSIS
Q = f (N, D, hp , µ, ρ, g)
L3 Q 1 Q 1 Q Q T D3 T D3 T ND3 0 1 1 1 1 N T N T T T D L hp hp hp hp L D 0 D 0 D 0 M µ µ µ LT µD MT ρD2 1 T ρN D2 0 M ρ L3 ρD3 M L g 1 g 1 g g T2 D T2 D T2 N 2D 0 The functional relationship is
Q ND3 = f ( hDp , ρND µ g 2 , N 2D )
Some dimensionless variables can be combined to yield a different form
Q hp g µ g 3 = f( 2 2 , 2 , 2 ) ND N D ρND N D
676 PROBLEM 8.28 Situation: Drag force on a submarine is studied using a 1/15 scale model–additional details are provided in the problem statement. Find: (a) Speed of water in the tunnel for dynamic similitude. (b) The ratio of drag forces (ratio of drag force on the model to that on the prototype).
APPROACH Dynamic similarity is achieved when the Reynolds numbers are the same.
ANALYSIS Match Reynolds number
Rem = Rep Lp ν m Vm = Vp Lm ν p 1 × 10−6 Vm = 15 × × 2 = 21.4 m/s 1.4 × 10−6 The ratio of the drag force on the model to that on the prototype is
