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Ethernet

Ethernet uses CSMA/CD to detect collisions on a shared bus topology. With CSMA/CD, devices listen first before transmitting to check if the channel is already in use. If a collision occurs while transmitting, devices send a jamming signal and retransmit later to avoid further collisions.

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17 views4 pages

Ethernet

Ethernet uses CSMA/CD to detect collisions on a shared bus topology. With CSMA/CD, devices listen first before transmitting to check if the channel is already in use. If a collision occurs while transmitting, devices send a jamming signal and retransmit later to avoid further collisions.

Uploaded by

Ishwaren Thoondee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Show understanding of Ethernet and how collisions are detected and avoided

Including Carrier Sense Multiple Access /Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

Ethernet:

 Ethernet is a standardised way of connecting computers and other devices in a LAN with a
bus topology. It is a widely used network technology that enables devices to communicate
with each other over a wired connection, using a physical cable to transfer data.
 It specifies what kind of cables to use, how to connect the cable together, how long the cable
can be, how computers transmit data to one another using the cables and more.
 In a bus topology based on ethernet standard, the right to transmit messages is controlled by
the protocol known as CSMA/CD to avoid collisions and ensure that data transmission is
reliable.

Question: Describe the way in which a bus network uses ehtermet technology for communication.

 Ethernet operates over cable//ethernet does not operate over wifi


 Destination and source nodes are identified by MAC addresses.
 Data to be transmitted is divided into frames/packets containing for e.g. source and
destination address/data/error checking data.
 All data is transmitted over the same cable using CSMA/CD

CIE Question: 9618/12/M/J/23 Qu 1

 A protocol (suite)
 For data transmission over standard / universal wired / cabled network connections
 Uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
 Data is transmitted in frames
 … each frame has a source and destination (IP/MAC) address
 ... and error checking data (so damaged frames can be resent)

CSMA/CD
Question: A LAN uses a bus topology.Describes how CSMA/CD is used in a bus network topology.

 CSMA/CD is a protocol used to detect and prevemt collisions in a bus topology.


 Before transmitting a packet/frame a device checks if the channel/wire/path/line/bus is
free/idle/ (is busy)
 If it is busy, the device waits//if channel is free/idle data is sent
 When transmission begins, the device listens from other devices also beginning
transmission.
 If it does not sense a collision. It knows that the data was successfully sent.
 If there is a collision (cause data lost/data corruption), the devices send out a jamming signal
that requires all stations to stop transmitting data; transmission is aborted/halted.
 Ethernet uses its ability to detect collision and uses this timer only when required which
makes the process more efficient; all host have equal priority to transmit after their timer
has been expired.
 CSMA/CD helps minimise but not eliminate collision

Question: A computing department in a school has a LAN network with a bus topology.

Computer 1 and computer 2 are on the same bus network. Computer 1 sends a message to
computer 2. Before the message is sent, it is split into packets. Computer 1 needs to check that the
wire is free, before sending the message otherwise a collision will occur that will be managed by the
CSMA/CD protocol.

CIE Question: 9618/01/SP/21 Qu 2 (d)

• Workstations ‘listen’ to the communication channel


• If no data is being transmitted, the computer can send its data
• Collision caused when 2 devices transmit at the same time
• If a collision occurs, each workstation waits a random time
• … before retransmitting
• Each time a collision occurs, random time is increased

CIE Question: 9618/12/M/J/22 Qu 9


 A workstation / node (wishing to transmit) listens to the communication channel
 …data is only sent when the channel is free // ... if channel is free data is sent
 Because there is more than one computer connected to the same transmission medium
 ... two workstations can start to transmit at the same time, causing a collision
 If a collision happens, the workstations send a (jamming) signal / abort transmission
 …and each waits a random amount of time before attempting to resend

CIE Question: 9618/11/O/N/22 Qu 8

• CSMA/CD is a protocol used to detect and prevent collisions in a bus topology


• before transmitting, a device checks if the channel is busy
• If the channel is busy the device waits // if the channel is free the data is sent
• because there is more than one computer connected to the same transmission medium
• ... two workstations can start to transmit at the same time, causing a collision
• If a collision is detected by the device, transmission is aborted / a jamming signal is transmitted
• both devices wait a (different) random time and then try again

Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)


Token passing Mechanism

Diagram

 In CSMA/CD the chances of collision are there; as the number of host in the network
increases, the chances of collision also increases.
 In token passing mechanism, when a host wants to transmit data, it should hold the token
which is an empty packet. The token is circling the network at a very high speed. If any
workstation wants to send data, it should wait for the token. When the token reaches the
workstation, the workstation can take the token from the network, fill it with the data, mark
the token as being used and place it the token back to the network.

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