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    Projection

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    Projection

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    12 views7 pages

    Projection

    Uploaded by

    achintyashri2205

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Projection

    It is the process of converting a 3D object into a 2D object. It is also defined as


    mapping or transformation of the object in projection plane or view plane. The
    view plane is displayed surface.
    Parallel Projection
    Parallel Projection use to display picture in its true shape and size. The parallel
    projection is formed by extending parallel lines from each vertex on the object until
    they intersect the plane of the screen. The point of intersection is the projection of
    vertex.

    Parallel projections are used by architects and engineers for creating working
    drawing of the object, for complete representations require two or more views of an
    object using different planes.

    Parallel projection discards z-coordinate and parallel lines from each vertex on the
    object are extended until they intersect the view plane. In parallel projection, we
    specify a direction of projection instead of center of projection.

    In parallel projection, the distance from the center of projection to project plane is
    infinite. In this type of projection, we connect the projected vertices by line
    segments which correspond to connections on the original object.

    Parallel projections are less realistic, but they are good for exact measurements. In
    this type of projections, parallel lines remain parallel and angles are not preserved.
    Various types of parallel projections are shown in the following hierarchy.
    Types of parallel projection

    Orthographic Projection
    When projectors are perpendicular to view plane then is called orthographic
    projection.

    In orthographic projection the direction of projection is normal to the projection of


    the plane.
    There are three types of orthographic projections –

     Front Projection
     Top Projection
     Side Projection
    Axonometric Projections
    Orthographic projections that show more than one side of an object are
    called axonometric orthographic projections. The most common
    axonometric projection is an isometric projection where the projection plane
    intersects each coordinate axis in the model coordinate system at an equal
    distance. In this projection parallelism of lines are preserved but angles are
    not preserved. The following figure shows isometric projection –

    Oblique Projection
    In oblique projection, the direction of projection is not normal to the projection
    of plane. In oblique projection, we can view the object better than
    orthographic projection.
    There are two types of oblique projections − Cavalier and Cabinet. The
    Cavalier projection makes 45° angle with the projection plane. The projection
    of a line perpendicular to the view plane has the same length as the line itself
    in Cavalier projection. In a cavalier projection, the foreshortening factors for
    all three principal directions are equal.
    The Cabinet projection makes 63.4° angle with the projection plane. In
    Cabinet projection, lines perpendicular to the viewing surface are projected at
    ½ their actual length. Both the projections are shown in the following figure –
    Perspective Projection
    In perspective projection, the distance from the center of projection to project
    plane is finite and the size of the object varies inversely with distance which
    looks more realistic.
    The distance and angles are not preserved and parallel lines do not remain
    parallel. Instead, they all converge at a single point called center of
    projection or projection reference point.
    There are 3 types of perspective projections which are shown in the following
    chart

     One point perspective projection is simple to draw.


     Two point perspective projection gives better impression of depth.
     Three point perspective projection is most difficult to draw.

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