Formwork

 Form works shall be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable codes
within the specified tolerances to the shape, lines, and dimension required by the design
drawings(s).
 Forms shall be coated with approved mould oil or release agent.
 Form exposed corners to produce smooth, square, solid unbroken lines. Provide chamfers
(20mm x 20mm) for surfaces where indicated on drawings.
 For slab work, Shore/ support shall be provided for floor directly under slab being placed
so that loads from construction above will safely trans directly to these shores.
 Formwork shall be struck without damaging, disturbing, or overloading the structure. The
minimum periods for striking formwork shall be as agreed with Engineer based on the
compressive strength results on test cubes. Calculations for formwork shall be submitted
for consultant approval.

Reinforcing Steel Works

 Steel reinforcement bars to be used on site shall be from approved source only.
 Cut and bend steel supplier shall be approved by the Engineer.
 Re-bar work shall be performed in accordance with the relevant specifications, drawings
and as per the bar bending schedule.
 Binding of rebar shall be done using annealed wire of 1.6mm dia. (16 gauge)
 The concrete cover to the reinforcement shall be as per approved drawings.
 Covers blocks shall be of concrete and of class same as that of the structure.
 Fabric reinforcement shall be of approved type complying with BS 4483.
 Welded wire fabric shall be lapped for a minimum length of 300mm including one full
mesh for deformed wire fabric and two full meshes with 50mm overlap for plain wire
fabric .Offset end laps in adjacent widths to prevent continuous laps.

 The lap length of rebar shall be as per drawings/specifications.
 Rebar and fabric reinforcement shall be stored under cover on timber or concrete blocks
at a minimum height of 300mm above ground.
 Reinforcement shall be securely fixed in position within a dimensional tolerance of
20mm in any direction parallel to a concrete face and within a tolerance of 5mm at right
angles to a face, provided that cover is not thereby decreased below the minimum
specified or otherwise as shown on drawings.
 Copy of mill certificate of the consignment shall be attached to material delivery
inspection report and submitted to engineer for approval upon receipt of rebar at site.

Embedded Items
  Anchor bolts, Pipe sleeves, Conduits for electrical works, drains, curb and trench angles,
and other inserts as shown on the design drawings shall be placed, secured, and protected
during placement of concrete.
 Engineers of relevant discipline from the Sub-contractor side shall check installation of
embedment.

Construction Joints

 Construction joints shall be located as shown on the design drawings. If not shown on the
design drawings, construction joints shall be prepared in accordance with the design
document requirements. Construction joint schedule shall be approved prior to start of
work.
 Vertical Joints shall be formed by means of rigid, grout tight side forms or stop ends
designed to accommodate projecting reinforcement & horizontal joints shall be level.
 The surfaces of the joints shall be thoroughly roughened, cleaned of all loose and foreign
matter and laitance, washed & saturated with water.
 Before concreting, joints shall be treated with cement grout or sand and cement grout
mixed in the same proportions as that in concrete. Bonding agent (if instructed by the
engineer) shall be applied as per manufacturer recommendations.
 The placing of concrete shall be carried out continuously from joint to joint. The face
edges of all joints, which are exposed to view, shall be carefully finished true to line and
elevation.
 Approved water stops shall be provided in construction joints in concrete designed to
contain liquids and where indicated on the drawings.
 Isolation joints in slabs on grade at all points of contact between slabs on grade and
interior column pedestals and grade beams and elsewhere as indicated.
 Control joints shall be formed in fresh concrete by either saw cutting or by forming.
Depth of joint shall be ¼ slab thickness, unless indicated on drawings.
 Sliding joints shall be provided, where indicated on drawings, with a preformed slip
membrane to ensure positive separation of concrete surfaces.

Concrete Placement Steps

Field Checks

 Upon arrival of transit mix truck at site the delivery note will be checked for the actual
details like time of batching, quantity, mix type, approved mix design, variation in
weighing of materials, water cement ratio & slump checked regularly to the satisfaction
of the Engineer.
 Concrete Temperature shall be measured using Thermometer and the maximum
allowable temperature of concrete shall be 32 degree centigrade.
  One set of six (6) cubes for each 75 cum. Or fraction thereof of each concrete class
placed in any one day or for each 450 sq.tr of surface area placed.
 One specimen shall be tested at 7 days and 4 specimens shall be tested at 28 days. One
specimen shall be retained in reserve for later testing, if required. Two specimens tested
at 28 days shall be field cured. All others shall be laboratory cured.
 Slump test shall be carried out for each concrete load at point of discharge and one far
each set of compressive strength test specimen.
 Air content test as per BS 1881 part 106, pressure method; shall be carried out one test
for each set of compressive strength test specimen.
 Durability test for concrete shall be done as required in specifications as and when
directed by the engineer.

Placing of Concrete

 No concrete shall be placed during sand storm or rain.

 No water shall be added to the mixer truck after batching.
 Site Engineer shall take immediate steps to notify the Engineer when a cold joint is
imminent and shall assure that the required method of correcting it is adopted as detailed
on the drawings.
 Pump car, bucket and chute will be used as placing equipment as appropriate.
 Chutes shall be used for drop of concrete greater than 1.0mtr in case of thin walls and 2
meter in other work. In case of slab work it shall be 250-500mm.
 The slope of chutes should be constant and steep enough to permit concrete to flow
continuously down the chute without segregation(1:2 or 2.5 slope)
 Concrete shall be deposited in horizontal layers to a compacted depth not exceeding
450mm and in a manner to avoid inclined construction joints.

Procedure for compaction of concrete

 Concrete shall be consolidated by mechanical vibrators. The vibrators shall be adequate

in number of units and power of each unit to properly. consolidate all concrete.
 In consolidating each layer of concrete, the vibrator shall be operated in a near vertical
position, and the vibrating head shall be allowed to penetrate under the action of its own
weights. Vibrator shall be allowed to remain inside the concrete for sufficient time to
obtain proper consolidation of concrete.
 The vibrator should penetrate rapidly to the bottom of the layer and at least 4 inch into
the preceding layer.
 Vibrators shall not be used to move or spread concrete.
 Concrete shall be placed as soon as practicable after mixing and while sufficiently plastic
for full compaction.
  Concreting during hot weather (Temperature greater than 40 deg. Centigrade) shall be
avoided as much as possible to prevent the occurrence of severe thermal effects.
 After concrete placing, site engineer/supervisor shall record relevant details on the format
'Concrete Pour Record' in presence of Engineer.

Finishes

 Concrete finishes shall be as required in specification and shall be free from voids, honey
combing or any other concrete defects.
 All concrete shall be power floated to produce smooth even finish unless otherwise
specified. Hand trowelling shall be carried out to surfaces of footings, beams etc.
 Concrete Curing
 During and after placement, concrete and the exposed surface of fresh concrete shall be
protected from wind, high temperature and rain.
 Curing shall start as soon as free water has disappeared from the concrete surface after
placing and finishing.
 Concrete surface shall be initially covered by only polythene sheet. Then after required
hardening, place the wet hessian cloth and cover with polythene sheet.
 Concrete shall be cured for a minimum of 7 days. Curing compound, if used, shall be
approved by the Engineer.

Safety

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

 All personnel involved in concreting activities must wear appropriate PPE, including:
 Safety helmets to protect against head injuries.
 Safety boots with steel toe caps to prevent foot injuries.
 High-visibility vests to enhance visibility, especially in areas with vehicular traffic.
 Gloves to protect hands from abrasions, chemicals, and concrete splashes.
 Eye protection such as safety goggles or face shields to prevent eye injuries from flying
debris or splashes.

Fall Prevention:

 Install guardrails, toe boards, and safety nets around elevated work platforms and
formwork to prevent falls from height.
 Ensure workers use fall protection equipment such as harnesses, lanyards, and anchor
points when working at height.
 Conduct regular inspections of fall protection systems and equipment to ensure they are
in good working condition.
Electrical Safety:

 Avoid placing electrical equipment and power tools near wet concrete to prevent electric
shock hazards.
 Ensure all electrical installations and equipment are properly grounded and insulated to
prevent electrical accidents.
 Use battery-powered or pneumatic tools where possible to minimize the risk of electrical
hazards.

Fire Safety:

 Prohibit smoking and open flames in the vicinity of the concreting area to prevent fire
hazards.
 Provide portable fire extinguishers, fire blankets, or hose reels near the concreting zone
for immediate use in case of fire.
 Train workers on emergency procedures and evacuation routes in the event of a fire or
other emergencies.

Emergency Preparedness:

 Develop and communicate emergency response plans for potential incidents such as
injuries, spills, or structural failures.
 Ensure first aid facilities, emergency medical supplies, and trained first aiders are readily
available on site.
 Establish communication procedures to alert emergency services and evacuate personnel
safely in case of emergencies.

Continuous Monitoring and Review:

 Conduct regular safety inspections, audits, and toolbox talks to reinforce safety
awareness and identify areas for improvement.
 Encourage workers to report near misses, hazards, and safety concerns promptly to
facilitate corrective actions.
 Review and update safety procedures, risk assessments, and emergency response plans
regularly to address changing site conditions and lessons learned from incidents.