CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

ACCOUNTING FOR GOVERNMENT GRANTS

Meaning of Refers to government, government agencies and similar bodies whether

Government local, national or international.
Meaning of Assistance by Government in cash/kind to an enterprise for past or future
Government compliance with certain conditions
Grants
Other Subsidies, Cash incentives, duty drawback etc.
nomenclatures
When there is a reasonable assurance that
Recognition ➢ The enterprise will comply with the conditions attached to them and
➢ The grants will be received
This Standard does not deal with:
Scope
➢ Government assistance other than in the form of government grants.
Exclusion ➢ Government participation in the ownership of the enterprise.
SPECIFIC FIXED ASSETS
Government grants whose primary condition is that an enterprise
Meaning
qualifying for them should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire such
asset. Other conditions may also be attached restricting the type or
location of assets or periods during which they are to be acquired or held.
➢ Grant-should be presented in balance sheet by showing it as a
deduction from gross value of the concerned asset while arriving at
Method 1 its book value.
➢ If the grant amount equals the whole of the fixed asset cost, then the
assets should be shown in the balance sheet at a nominal value.
Should be treated as deferred income which should be
Related to recognized in the P & L statement on a systematic and
Depreciable rational basis over the useful life of the asset i.e. income
asset is allocated over the period and in the proportions in
which depreciation on related assets in charged.
Method 2 Should be credited to capital reserve.
Related to However, if a grant related to a non-depreciable asset
Non- requires fulfillment of certain obligations, the grant
Depreciable should be credited to income over the same period over
asset which the cost of meeting such obligations is charged to
income.
REVENUE
❖ Such grants should be recognized in the Statement of P&L on a
Treatment systematic basis so as to match them with the related cost.
❖ These grants may be shown separately under the head ‘other income’
or alternatively, these may be deducted from the related expenses.

Page 10K.1
CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

PROMOTER’S CONTRIBUTION
These are given with reference to the total investment in an undertaking
Meaning or by way of contribution towards its total capital outlay & no repayment
is ordinarily expected in respect thereof.
Example Central investment subsidy scheme (capital subsidy), investment in
backward area etc.
Treated as capital reserve and treated as part of shareholders funds.
Accounting These cannot be distributed as dividend, nor considered as deferred
income.
NON-MONETARY GRANT
Assets given at It should be accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost
concessional
rate

Assets given It should be recorded at a nominal value

free of cost

GRANT RECEIVABLE AS COMPENSATION FOR EXPENSE/LOSS

Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses incurred
in a previous accounting period or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to
the enterprise with no further related costs, should be recognised and disclosed in the
profit and loss statement of the period in which they are receivable, as an extraordinary
item if appropriate.
REFUND OF GOVERNMENT GRANTS
Nature Government grants sometimes become refundable because certain
conditions are not fulfilled & are treated as an extraordinary item (AS 5).
Applied first against any unamortised deferred credit remaining in respect
Related to of the grant. To the extent that the amount refundable exceeds any such
Revenue deferred credit, or where no deferred credit exists, the amount is charged
immediately to profit and loss statement.
Recorded by increasing the book value of the asset or by reducing the
Related to deferred income balance, as appropriate, by the amount refundable.
Specific Fixed In the first alternative, i.e., where the book value of the asset is increased,
Asset depreciation on the revised book value is provided prospectively over the
residual useful life of the asset.
In the nature Where a grant which is in the nature of promoters’ contribution becomes
of Promoter’s refundable, in part or in full, to the government on non-fulfillment of some
Contribution specified conditions, the relevant amount recoverable by the government
is reduced from the capital reserve.
DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS
(i) the accounting policy adopted for government grants, including the methods of
presentation in the financial statements;
(ii) the nature and extent of government grants recognised in the financial statements,
including grants of non-monetary assets given at a concessional rate or free of cost.

Page 10K.2
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS

Question 1 (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____

Z Ltd. purchased a fixed asset for ₹ 50 lakhs, which has the estimated useful life of 5 years
with the salvage value of ₹ 5,00,000. On purchase of the asset government granted it a grant
for ₹ 10 lakhs. Pass the necessary journal entries in the books of the company for first two
years if
Case 1: Grant is deducted from the value of fixed asset.
Case 2: Grant is treated as deferred income.

Question 2 (ICAI Study Material) (Similar) Pg no._____

A Ltd. purchased machinery for ₹ 40 lakhs. (Useful life 4 years and residual value ₹ 8 lakhs)
Government grant received is ₹ 16 lakhs. Grant becomes refundable in the third year.
Pass necessary journal entries for 3 years, if:
(1) the grant is credited to Fixed Assets A/c.
(2) the grant is credited to Deferred Grant A/c.

Question 3 Pg no._____
A fixed asset is purchased for ₹ 25 lakhs. Government grant received towards it is ₹ 10 lakhs.
Residual Value is ₹ 5 lakhs and useful life is 5 years. Assume depreciation on the basis of
Straight Line method. Asset is shown in the balance sheet net of grant. After 1 year, grant
becomes refundable to the extent of ₹ 6 lakhs due to non compliance with certain conditions.
Pass journal entries for first two years.

Question 4 (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____

On 1.4.2018 ABC Ltd. received Government grant of ₹ 300 lakhs for acquisition of a machinery
costing ₹ 1,500 lakhs. The grant was credited to the cost of the asset. The life of the machinery
is 5 years. The machinery is depreciated at 20% on WDV basis. The Company had to refund the
grant in May 2021 due to nonfulfillment of certain conditions.
How you would deal with the refund of grant in the books of ABC Ltd. assuming that the
company did not charge any depreciation for the year 2021?

Question 5 Pg no._____
Yogya Ltd. received a specific grant of ₹ 300 lakhs for acquiring the plant of ₹ 1,500 lakhs
during 2018-19 having useful life of 10 years. The grant received was credited to deferred
income and shown in the balance sheet. During 2021-22, due to noncompliance of conditions
laid down for the grant the company had to refund the grant to the Government.
Balance in the deferred income on that date was ₹ 210 lakhs and written down value of plant
was ₹ 1,050 lakhs.
(i) What should be the treatment for the refund of the grant and the effect on cost of the fixed
asset and the amount of depreciation to be charged during the year 2021-22 in profit and
loss account? Assume that depreciation is charged on assets as per straight line method.
(ii) What should be the treatment of the refund if grant was deducted from the cost of the
plant during 2018-19?

Question 6 (RTP May 2021) / (RTP May 2023) Pg no._____

Hygiene Ltd. had received a grant of ₹ 50 lakh in 2013 from a State Government towards
installation of pollution control machinery on fulfilment of certain conditions. The company,
however, failed to comply with the said conditions and consequently was required to refund

Page 10K.3
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

the said amount in 2021. The company debited the said amount to its machinery in 2021 on
payment of the same. It also reworked the depreciation for the said machinery from the date
of its purchase and passed necessary adjusting entries in the year 2021 to incorporate the
retrospective impact of same. State whether treatment done by company is correct or not.

Solution
AS 12, “Accounting for Government Grants”, requires that the amount refundable in respect of
a government grant related to a specific fixed asset is recorded by increasing the book value
of the asset or by reducing the capital reserve or the deferred income balance, as appropriate,
by the amount refundable. The Standard further makes it clear that in the first alternative,
i.e., where the book value of the asset is increased, depreciation on the revised book value
should be provided prospectively over the residual useful life of the asset. Accordingly, the
accounting treatment given by Hygiene Ltd. of increasing the value of the plant and machinery
is quite proper. However, the accounting treatment in respect of depreciation given by the
company of adjustment of depreciation with retrospective effect is improper and constitutes
violation of relevant Accounting Standards.

Question 7 (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____

Co X runs a charitable hospital. It incurs salary of doctors, staff etc to the extent of ₹ 30 lakhs
per annum. As a support, the local govt grants a lumpsum payment of ₹ 90 lakhs to meet the
salary expense for a period of next 5 years. You are required to pass the necessary journal
entries in the books of the company for first year if the grant is:
a) Shown separately as Other Income; and ;
b) Deducted against the Salary costs.

Question 8 (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____

Co X runs a charitable hospital. It incurs salary of doctors, staff etc. to the extent of ₹ 30 lakhs
per annum. As a support, the local govt grants a lumpsum payment of ₹ 90 lakhs to meet the
salary expense for a period of next 5 years. At the start of Year 4, Co X is unable to meet the
conditions attached to the grant and is required to refund the entire grant of 90 lakhs.
You are required to pass the necessary journal entries in the books of the company for refund
of the grant if the grant was shown separately as Other Income

Question 9 (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____

Supriya Ltd. received grant of ₹ 2,500 lakhs during accounting year 2020-21 from government
for welfare activities to be carried on by the company for its employees. The grant prescribed
conditions for its utilization. However, during the year 2021-22, it was found that conditions
of grants were not complied with and the grant had to be refunded to the government in full.
Elucidate the current accounting treatment, with reference to provisions of AS-12.

Solution
As per AS 12 ‘Accounting for Government Grants’, Government grants sometimes become
refundable because certain conditions are not fulfilled. A government grant that becomes
refundable is treated as an extraordinary item as per AS 5. The amount refundable in respect
of a government grant related to revenue is applied first against any unamortized deferred
credit remaining in respect of the grant. To the extent that the amount refundable exceeds
any such deferred credit, or where no deferred credit exists, the amount is charged
immediately to profit and loss statement.
In the present case, the amount of refund of government grant should be shown in the
profit & loss account of the company as an extraordinary item during the year 2021-22.

Page 10K.4
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

Question 10 Pg no._____
M/s A Ltd. has set up its business in a designated backward area with an investment of ₹ 200
Lakhs. The Company is eligible for 25% subsidy and has received ₹ 50 Lakhs from the
Government. Explain the treatment of the Capital Subsidy received from the Government in
the Books of the Company

Solution
As per AS 12 “Accounting for Govt. Grants”, Where the government grants are of the nature of
promoters’ contribution, i.e., they are given with reference to the total investment in an
undertaking or by way of contribution towards its total capital outlay (for example, central
investment subsidy scheme) and no repayment is ordinarily expected in respect thereof, the
grants are treated as capital reserve.
Subsidy received by A Ltd. is in the nature of promoter’s contribution, since this grant is given
with reference to the total investment in an undertaking and by way of contribution towards
its total capital outlay and no repayment is ordinarily expected in respect thereof. Therefore,
this grant should be treated as capital reserve which can be neither distributed as dividend
nor considered as deferred income.

Question 11 (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____

Santosh Ltd. has received a grant of ₹ 8 crores from the Government for setting up a factory
in a backward area. Out of this grant, the company distributed ₹ 2 crores as dividend. Also,
Santosh Ltd. received land free of cost from the State Government but it has not recorded it
at all in the books as no money has been spent.
In the light of AS 12 examine, whether the treatment of both the grants is correct.

Solution
As per AS 12 ‘Accounting for Government Grants’, when government grant is received for a
specific purpose, it should be utilised for the same. So the grant received for setting up a
factory is not available for distribution of dividend.
In the second case, even if the company has not spent money for the acquisition of land, land
should be recorded in the books of accounts at a nominal value.
The treatment of both the elements of the grant is incorrect as per AS 12.

Question 12 (RTP May 2020) / (RTP Nov 2020) / (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____
How would you treat the following in accounts in accordance with AS-12 'Government Grants'?
a) ₹ 35 Lakhs received from Local Authority for providing Medical facilities to employees.
b) ₹ 100 Lakhs received as Subsidy from the Central Government for setting up a unit in a
notified backward area. This subsidy is in nature of promoters’ contribution.
c) ₹ 10 Lakhs Grant received from the Central Government on installation of antipollution
equipment

Solution
a) ₹ 35 lakhs received from the local authority for providing medical facilities to the
employees is a grant received in the nature of revenue grant. Such grants are generally
presented as a credit in the profit and loss statement, either separately or under a general
heading such as ‘Other Income’. Alternatively, ₹ 35 lakhs may be deducted in reporting the
related expense i.e. employee benefit expenses.
b) As per AS 12 ‘Accounting for Government Grants’, where the government grants are in the
nature of promoters’ contribution, i.e. they are given with reference to the total investment

Page 10K.5
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

in an undertaking or by way of contribution towards its total capital outlay and no

repayment is ordinarily expected in respect thereof, the grants are treated as capital
reserve which can be neither distributed as dividend nor considered as deferred income.
In the given case, the subsidy received from the Central Government for setting up a unit
in notified backward area is neither in relation to specific fixed asset nor in relation to
revenue. Thus, amount of ₹ 100 lakhs should be credited to capital reserve.
c) ₹ 10 lakhs grant received for installation anti-pollution equipment is a grant related to
specific fixed asset. Two methods of presentation in financial statements of grants related
to specific fixed assets are regarded as acceptable alternatives. Under first method, the
grant is shown as a deduction from the gross value of the asset concerned in arriving at
its book value. The grant is thus recognised in the profit and loss statement over the useful
life of a depreciable asset by way of a reduced depreciation charge.
Under the second method, grants related to depreciable assets are treated as deferred
income which is recognised in the profit and loss statement on a systematic and rational
basis over the useful life of the asset. Thus, ₹ 10 lakhs may either be deducted from the
cost of equipment or treated as deferred income to be recognized on a systematic basis in
profit & Loss A/c over the useful life of equipment.

Question 13 (RTP May 2018) / (RTP Nov 2021) (Similar) Pg no._____

D Ltd. acquired a machine on 01-04-2018 for ₹ 20,00,000. The useful life is 5 years. The
company had applied on 01-04-2018, for a subsidy to the tune of 80% of the cost. The sanction
letter for subsidy was received in November 2021. The Company’s Fixed Assets Account for
the financial year 2021-22 shows a credit balance as under:
Particulars ₹
Machine (Original Cost) 20,00,000
Less: Accumulated Depreciation (12,00,000)
(from 2018-19- to 2020-21 on Straight Line Method)
8,00,000
Less: Grant received (16,00,000)
Balance (8,00,000)
How should the company deal with this asset in its accounts for 2021-22? Can it charge
depreciation or negative depreciation for 2021-22? Can it credit ₹ 8,00,000 to Capital Reserve?

Solution
From the above account, it is inferred that the Company follows Reduction Method for
accounting of Government Grants. Accordingly, out of the ₹ 16,00,000 that has been received,
₹ 8,00,000 (being the balance in Machinery A/c) should be credited to the machinery A/c.
The balance ₹ 8,00,000 may be credited to P&L A/c, since already the cost of the asset to the
tune of ₹ 12,00,000 had been debited to P&L A/c in the earlier years by way of depreciation
charge, and ₹ 8,00,000 transferred to P&L A/c now would be partial recovery of that cost.
There is no need to provide depreciation for 2021-22 or 2022-23 as the depreciable
amount is now Nil. In respect of Depreciable Assets, AS-12 does not permit the crediting of
the grant or any part thereof to Capital Reserve A/c.

Question 14 Pg no._____
An Indian company is engaged by a research company based in USA to carry out research in
India, in consideration of billing to be done by Indian company based on cost plus 20% mark
up. The Company based in USA paid a sum of ₹ 10 crores to an Indian company to acquire
equipment to be used for research. The equipment is owned by the Indian company and a

Page 10K.6
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

condition is attached in the agreement with the US company that such equipment is to be used
for at least 5 years for research work of that company.
How should the amount of ₹ 10 crores be accounted-as capital reserve or as credit to profit
and loss account or by credit to the account of the equipment?

Solution
As per AS 12 ‘Government Grants’, grants meant to subsidize or reduce expenses is taken to
the Statement of Profit and loss in proportion to the savings and where the grant is related
to fixed assets, the value of the fixed asset is stated net of grant and depreciation is provided
accordingly. Government Grants in the nature of promoter’s contribution is however taken to
Capital reserves.
In the given case, the Company has received an amount from a research company in
USA to acquire equipment’s to be used in research in India which is to be owned by the Indian
Company only. The same can be considered as private grant and AS 12 do not apply to private
grants. Since the amount received is towards capital items, therefore it is not possible that
credit arising out of a grant can be taken to statement of profit and loss. If such grant received
is credited to profit and loss, profit or loss position could be easily manipulated through such
private grants.
However, in the present case, grant should either be shown as Capital Reserve (not
revenue reserves) with proper disclosures or credited to Equipment Account.

Question 15 (Inter May 2022) (5 Marks) Pg no._____

Suraj Limited provides you the following information:
(i) It received a Government Grant @40% towards the acquisition of Machinery worth ₹ 25
Crores.
(ii) It received a Capital Subsidy of ₹ 150 Lakhs from Government for setting up a Plant costing
₹ 300 Lakhs in a notified backward region.
(iii) It received ₹ 50 Lakhs from Government for setting up a project for supply of arsenic free
water in a notified area.
(iv) It received ₹ 5 Lakhs from the Local Authority for providing Corona Vaccine free of charge
to its employees and their families.
(v) It also received a performance award of ₹ 500 Lakhs from Government with a condition
of major renovation in the Power Plant within 3 years. Suraj Limited incurred 90% of
amount towards Capital expenditure and balance for Revenue Expenditure.
State, how you will treat the above in the books of Suraj Limited.

Solution
(i) As per AS 12 “Accounting for Govt. Grants”, two methods of presentation in financial
statements of grants related to specific fixed assets are regarded as acceptable
alternatives. Under the first alternative, the grant of ₹ 10 crores (40% of 25 crores) is
shown as a deduction from the gross value of the asset concerned in arriving at its book
value. The grant is thus recognized the profit and loss statement over the useful life of a
depreciable asset by way of a reduced depreciation charge. Under second alternative,
grant amounting ₹ 10 crores is treated as deferred income which is recognized in the
profit & loss statement on a systematic and rational basis over the useful life of the asset.
(ii) In the given case, the grant amounting ₹ 150 lakhs received from the Central Government
for setting up a plant in notified backward area may be considered as in the nature of
promoters’ contribution. Thus, amount of ₹ 150 lakhs should be credited to capital reserve
and the plant will be shown at ₹ 300 lakhs.

Page 10K.7
CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

(iii) ₹ 50 lakhs received from Govt. for setting up a project for supply of arsenic free water in
notified area should be credited to capital reserve.
Alternatively, if it is assumed that the project consists of capital asset only, then the
amount of ₹ 50 lakhs received from Govt. for setting up a project for supply of arsenic
free water should either be deducted from cost of asset of the project concerned in the
balance sheet or treated as deferred income which is recognized in the profit and loss
statement on a systematic and rational basis over the useful life of the asset.

(iv) ₹ 5 lakhs received from the local authority for providing corona vaccine to the employees
is a grant received in nature of revenue grant. Such grants are generally presented as a
credit in the profit and loss account, either separately or under a general heading ‘Other
Income’. Alternatively, ₹ 5 lakhs may be deducted in reporting the related expense i.e.
employee benefit expenses.

(v) ₹ 500 Lakhs will be reduced from the renovation cost of power plant or will be treated as
deferred income irrespective of the expenditure done by the entity out of it as it was
specifically received for the purpose major renovation of power plant. However, it may
be, later on, decided by the Govt. whether the grant will have to be refunded or not due to
non-compliance of conditions attached to the grant.

Page 10K.8
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Question 1 Pg no._____
ABC Limited purchased a machinery for ₹ 25,00,000 which has estimated useful life of 10
years with the salvage value of ₹5,00,000. On purchase of the assets Central Government
pays a grant for ₹5,00,000. Pass the journal entries with narrations in the books of the
company for the first year, treating grant as deferred income.

Solution
Year Particulars L.F. Dr. Cr.
1 Machinery A/c Dr. 25,00,000
To Bank Account 25,00,000
(Being machinery purchased)
Bank A/c Dr. 5,00,000
To Deferred Government Grant A/c 5,00,000
(Being grant received from the government
treated as deferred income)
Depreciation A/c Dr. (25,00,000-5,00,000)/10 2,00,000
To Machinery A/c 2,00,000
(Being depreciation charged SLM)
Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 2,00,000
To Depreciation A/c 2,00,000
(Being depreciation transferred to Profit and
Loss Account at the end of year 1)
Deferred Government Grant A/c Dr. 50,000
(5,00,000/10)
To Profit & Loss A/c 50,000
(Being proportionate grant taken to P/L A/c)

Question 2 (Inter Jan 2021) (5 Marks) Pg no._____

Darshan Ltd. purchased a Machinery on 1st April, 2018 for ₹ 130 lakhs (Useful life is 4 Years).
Government grant received is ₹ 40 lakhs for the purchase of above Machinery. Salvage value
at the end of useful life is estimated at ₹ 60 lakhs. Darshan Ltd. decides to treat the grant as
deferred income. Calculate the amount of depreciation and grant to be recognized in profit &
loss account for the year ending 31st March, 2019, 31st March, 2020, 31st March, 2021 & 31st
March, 2022. Darshan Ltd. follows straight line method for charging depreciation.

Solution
As per 12 “Accounting for government grants”, grants related to depreciable assets, if treated
as deferred income are recognized in the profit and loss statement on a systematic and
rational basis over the useful life of the asset. Amount of depreciation & grant to be
recognized in the Profit & Loss account each year
Depreciation per year:
Amount (in Lakhs)
Cost of the Asset 130
Less: Salvage Value (60)
70
Depreciation per year (70 Lakhs/4) 17.50

Page 10K.9
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

₹ 17.50 Lakhs depreciation will be recognized for the year ending 31st March, 2019, 31st March,
2020, 31st March, 2021 and 31st March, 2022.
Amount of grant recognized in P&L Account each year: 40 lakhs /4 years = ₹ 10 Lakhs for the
year ending 31st March, 2019, 31st March, 2020, 31st March, 2021 and 31st March, 2022.

Question 3 Pg no._____
Ram Ltd. purchased machinery for ₹ 80 lakhs. (useful life 4 years and residual value ₹ 8
lakhs). Government grant received is ₹ 32 lakhs.
Show the Journal Entry to be passed at the time of refund of grant and the value of the fixed
assets in the third year and the amount of depreciation for remaining two years, if
(i) the grant is credited to Fixed Assets A/c.
(ii) the grant is credited to Deferred Grant A/c

Solution
(i) Grant is credited to Fixed Assets A/c
a) Journal Entry (at the time of refund of grant)
Particulars L.F. Dr. (in Lakhs) Cr. (in Lakhs)
Fixed Asset Account Dr. 32
To Bank Account 32
(Being government grant refunded)
b) Value of Fixed Assets after two years but before refund of grant
Fixed assets initially recorded in the books = ₹ 80 lakhs – ₹ 32 lakhs = ₹ 48 lakhs
Depreciation for each year = (₹ 48 lakhs – ₹8 lakhs)/4 years
= ₹ 10 lakhs per year for first two years.
Value of the assets before refund of grant =₹ 48 lakhs - ₹ 20 lakhs = ₹ 28 lakhs
c) Value of Fixed Assets after refund of grant
Value of Fixed Assets before refund of grant ₹ 28 lakhs
Add Refund of grant ₹ 32 lakhs
₹ 60 lakhs
d) Amount of depreciation for remaining two years
Value of the fixed assets after refund of grant –residual value of the assets / No. of years
= (₹ 60 lakhs - ₹ 8 lakhs) / 2 = ₹ 26 lakhs per annum will be charged for next two years.

(ii) Grant is credited to Deferred Grant A/c

As per AS 12 ‘Accounting for Government Grants,’ income from Deferred Grant Account is
allocated to Profit and Loss account usually over the periods and in the proportions in which
depreciation on related assets is charged.
Accordingly, in the first two years (₹ 32 lakhs /4 years) = ₹ 8 lakhs x 2 years = ₹ 16
lakhs will be credited to Profit & Loss A/c and ₹ 16 lakhs will be the balance of Deferred Grant
A/c after two years.
a) Journal Entry (at the time of refund of grant)
Particulars L.F. Dr. (in Lakhs) Cr. (in Lakhs)
Deferred Grant A/c Dr. 16
P&L A/c Dr. 16
To Bank Account 32
(Being government grant refunded)
b) Value of Fixed Assets after two years but before refund of grant
Fixed assets initially recorded in the books = ₹ 80 lakhs
Depreciation for each year = (₹ 80 lakhs – ₹8 lakhs)/4 years = ₹ 18 lakhs per year
Book value of fixed assets after 2 years = ₹ 80 lakhs – (₹ 18 lakhs x 2 years) = ₹ 44 lakhs

Page 10K.10
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

c) Value of Fixed Assets after refund of grant

On refund of grant the balance of deferred grant account will become nil. The fixed assets
will continue to be shown in the books at ₹ 44 lakhs.
d) Amount of depreciation for remaining two years
Depreciation will continue to be charged at ₹ 18 lakhs per annum for the remaining two years

Question 4 (ICAI Study Material) / (RTP May 2022) (Similar) Pg no._____

A fixed asset is purchased for ₹ 20 lakhs. Government grant received towards it is ₹ 8 lakhs.
Residual Value is ₹ 4 lakhs and useful life is 4 years. Assume depreciation on the basis of
Straight Line method. Asset is shown in the balance sheet net of grant. After 1 year, grant
becomes refundable to the extent of ₹ 5 lakhs due to non compliance with certain conditions.
Pass journal entries for first 2 years.

Solution
Year Particulars L.F. Dr. (in Lakhs) Cr. (in Lakhs)
1 Fixed Asset Account Dr. 20
To Bank Account 20
(Being fixed asset purchased)
Bank Account Dr. 8
To Fixed Asset Account 8
(Being grant received from government
reduced the cost of fixed asset)
Depreciation Account (W.N.1) Dr. 2
To Fixed Asset Account 2
(Being depreciation charged on Straight
Line method (SLM))
Profit & Loss Account Dr. 2
To Depreciation Account 2
(Being depreciation transferred to Profit
and Loss Account at the end of year 1)
2 Fixed Asset Account Dr. 5
To Bank Account 5
(Being grant on asset partly refunded
which increased cost of fixed asset)
Depreciation Account (W.N.2) Dr. 3.67
To Fixed Asset Account 3.67
(Being depreciation charged on SLM on
revised value of fixed asset)
Profit & Loss Account Dr. 3.67
To Depreciation Account 3.67
(Being depreciation transferred to Profit
and Loss Account at the end of year 2)

Working Notes:
1. Depreciation for Year 1
Cost of the Asset 20
Less: Government grant received (8)
12
Depreciation (12-4)/4 2

Page 10K.11
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

2. Depreciation for Year 2

Cost of the Asset 20
Less: Government grant received (8)
12
Less: Depreciation for the first year (2)
Book value at the end of 1st year 10
Add: Government grant refundable 5
15
Depreciation for the second year (15-4)/3 3.67

Question 5 (Inter May 2018) (5 Marks) Pg no._____

On 01.04.2018, XYZ Ltd. received Government grant of ₹ 100 Lakhs for an acquisition of new
machinery costing ₹ 500 lakhs. The grant was received and credited to the cost of the assets.
The life span of the machinery is 5 years. The machinery is depreciated at 20% on WDV method.
The company had to refund the entire grant on 2nd April, 2021 due to non-fulfilment of certain
conditions which was imposed by the government at the time of approval of grant. How do
you deal with the refund of grant to the Government in the books of XYZ Ltd., as per AS 12?

Solution
According to AS 12 on Accounting for Government Grants, the amount refundable in respect
of a grant related to a specific fixed asset (if the grant had been credited to the cost of fixed
asset at the time of receipt of grant) should be recorded by increasing the book value of the
asset, by the amount refundable. Where the book value is increased, depreciation on the
revised book value should be provided prospectively over the residual useful life of the asset.
(in Lakhs)
1 April 2018
st
Acquisition cost of machinery (500 – 100) 400.00
31 March 2019
st
Less: Depreciation @ 20% (80.00)
1 April 2019
st
Book value 320.00
31st March 2020 Less: Depreciation @ 20% (64.00)
1st April 2020 Book value 256.00
31 March 2021
st
Less: Depreciation @ 20% (51.20)
1 April 2021
st
Book value 204.80
2nd April 2021 Add: Refund of grant 100.00
Revised Book value 304.80
Depreciation @ 20% on the revised book value amounting ₹ 304.80 lakhs is to be provided
prospectively over the residual useful life of the asset.

Question 6 (Inter Nov 2020) (5 Marks) Pg no._____

On 1st April, 2018, Mac Ltd. received a Government Grant of ₹ 60 lakhs for acquisition of
machinery costing ₹ 300 lakhs. The grant was credited to the cost of the asset. The estimated
useful life of the machinery is 10 years. The machinery is depreciated @ 10% on WDV basis.
The company had to refund the grant in June 2021 due to noncompliance of certain conditions.
How the refund of the grant is dealt with in the books of Mac Ltd. assuming that the company
did not charge any depreciation for the year 2021-22. Pass necessary Journal Entries for the
year 2021-22.

Solution
According to AS 12 on Accounting for Government Grants, the amount refundable in respect
of a grant related to a specific fixed asset (if the grant had been credited to the cost of fixed

Page 10K.12
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

asset at the time of receipt of grant) should be recorded by increasing the book value of the
asset, by the amount refundable. Where the book value is increased, depreciation on the
revised book value should be provided prospectively over the residual useful life of the asset.
(in Lakhs)
1 April 2018
st
Acquisition cost of machinery (300 – 60) 240.00
31 March 2019
st
Less: Depreciation @ 10% (24.00)
1st April 2019 Book value 216.00
31 March 2020
st
Less: Depreciation @ 10% (21.60)
1 April 2020
st
Book value 194.40
31st March 2021 Less: Depreciation @ 10% (19.44)
1st April 2021 Book value 174.96
Less: Depreciation @ 10% for 2 months (2.916)
1 June 2021
st
Book value 172.044
June 2021 Add: Refund of grant 60.00
Revised Book value 232.044
Depreciation @ 10% on the revised book value amounting ₹ 232.044 lakhs is to be provided
prospectively over the residual useful life of the asset.
*considered refund of grant at beginning of June month and depreciation for two months
already charged. Alternative answer considering otherwise also possible.

Year Particulars L.F. Dr. (in Lakhs) Cr. (in Lakhs)

2021- Machinery Account Dr. 60
22 To Bank Account 60
(Being government grant on asset refunded
which increased cost of fixed asset)
Depreciation Account (W.N.) Dr. 19.337
To Machinery Account 19.337
(Being depreciation charged on revised
value of fixed asset prospectively for 10
months)
Profit & Loss Account Dr. 22.253
To Depreciation Account 22.253
[Being depreciation transferred to Profit
and Loss Account at end of year
(2.916+19.337)]

Question 7 (RTP May 2019) Pg no._____

Viva Ltd. received a specific grant of ₹ 30 lakhs for acquiring the plant of ₹ 150 lakhs during
2018-19 having useful life of 10 years. The grant received was credited to deferred income in
the balance sheet. During 2021-22, due to non-compliance of conditions laid down for the
grant, the company had to refund the whole grant to the Government. Balance in the deferred
income on that date was ₹ 21 lakhs and written down value of plant was ₹ 105 lakhs.
(i) What should be the treatment of the refund of the grant and the effect on cost of the fixed
asset and the amount of depreciation to be charged during the year 2021-22 in profit and
loss account?
(ii) What should be the treatment of the refund, if grant was deducted from the cost of the
plant during 2018-19 assuming plant account showed the balance of ₹ 84 lakhs as on
1.4.2021?

Page 10K.13
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

Solution
As per para 21 of AS-12, ‘Accounting for Government Grants’, “the amount refundable in
respect of a grant related to specific fixed asset should be recorded by reducing the deferred
income balance. To the extent the amount refundable exceeds any such deferred credit, the
amount should be charged to profit and loss statement.
(i) In this case the grant refunded is ₹ 30 lakhs and balance in deferred income is ₹ 21 lakhs,
₹ 9 lakhs shall be charged to the profit and loss account for the year 2021-22. There will
be no effect on the cost of the fixed asset and depreciation charged will be on the same
basis as charged in the earlier years.
(ii) If the grant was deducted from the cost of the plant in the year 2018-19 then, para 21 of
AS-12 states that the amount refundable in respect of grant which relates to specific fixed
assets should be recorded by increasing the book value of the assets, by the amount
refundable. Where the book value of the asset is increased, depreciation on the revised
book value should be provided prospectively over the residual useful life of the asset.
Therefore, in this case, the book value of the plant shall be increased by ₹ 30 lakhs. The
increased cost of ₹ 30 lakhs of the plant should be amortized over 7 years (residual life).
Depreciation charged during the year 2021-22 shall be (84 + 30)/7 years = ₹ 16.286 lakhs
presuming the depreciation is charged on SLM.

Question 8 (RTP Nov 2018) Pg no._____

A specific government grant of ₹ 15 lakhs was received by USB Ltd. for acquiring the Hi-Tech
Diary plant of ₹ 95 lakhs during the year 2018-19. Plant has useful life of 10 years. The grant
received was credited to deferred income in the balance sheet. During 2021-22, due to non-
compliance of conditions laid down for the grant, the company had to refund the whole grant
to the Government. Balance in the deferred income on that date was ₹ 10.50 lakhs and written
down value of plant was ₹ 66.50 lakhs.
(i) What should be the treatment of the refund of the grant and the effect on cost of plant and
the amount of depreciation to be charged during the year 2021-22 in P&L Account?
(ii) What should be the treatment of the refund, if grant was deducted from cost of the plant
during 2018-19 assuming plant account showed the balance of ₹ 56 lakhs as on 1.4.2021?
You are required to explain in the line with provisions of AS 12.

Solution
As per para 21 of AS 12, ‘Accounting for Government Grants’, “the amount refundable in respect
of a grant related to specific fixed asset should be recorded by reducing the deferred income
balance. To the extent the amount refundable exceeds any such deferred credit, the amount
should be charged to profit and loss statement.
(i) In this case the grant refunded is ₹ 15 lakhs and balance in deferred income is ₹ 10.50
lakhs, ₹ 4.50 lakhs shall be charged to the profit and loss account for the year 2021-22.
There will be no effect on the cost of the fixed asset and depreciation charged will be on
the same basis as charged in the earlier years.
(ii) If the grant was deducted from the cost of the plant in the year 2018-19 then, para 21 of AS
12 states that the amount refundable in respect of grant which relates to specific fixed
assets should be recorded by increasing the book value of the assets, by the amount
refundable. Where the book value of the asset is increased, depreciation on the revised
book value should be provided prospectively over the residual useful life of the asset.
Therefore, in this case, the book value of the plant shall be increased by ₹ 15 lakhs. The
increased cost of ₹ 15 lakhs of the plant should be amortized over 7 years (residual life).
Depreciation charged during the year 2021-22 shall be (56+15)/7 years = ₹ 10.14 lakhs
presuming the depreciation is charged on SLM.

Page 10K.14
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

Question 9 (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____

Z Ltd. purchased a fixed asset for ₹ 50 lakhs, which has the estimated useful life of 5 years
with the salvage value of ₹ 5,00,000. On purchase of the assets government granted it a grant
for ₹ 10 lakhs (This amount was reduced from the cost of fixed asset). Grant was considered
as refundable in the end of 2nd year to the extent of ₹ 7,00,000. Pass the journal entry for
refund of the grant as per the first method.

Solution

Year Particulars L.F. Dr. Cr.

2 Fixed Asset Account Dr. 7,00,000
To Bank Account 7,00,000
(Being grant on asset partly refunded
which increased cost of fixed asset)

Question 10 (RTP Nov 2019) / (RTP Nov 2022) Pg no._____

Samrat Limited has set up its business in a designated backward area which entitles the
company for subsidy of 25% of the total investment from Government of India. The company
has invested ₹ 80 crores in the eligible investments. The company is eligible for the subsidy
and has received ₹ 20 crores from the government in February 2022. The company wants to
recognize the said subsidy as its income to improve the bottom line of the company.
Do you approve the action of the company in accordance with the Accounting Standard?

Solution
As per AS 12 “Accounting for Government Grants”, where the government grants are in the
nature of promoters’ contribution, i.e., they are given with reference to the total investment in
an undertaking or by way of contribution towards its total capital outlay (for example, Central
Investment Subsidy Scheme) and no repayment is ordinarily expected in respect thereof, the
grants are treated as capital reserve which can be neither distributed as dividend nor
considered as deferred income.
The subsidy received by Samrat Ltd. for setting up its business in a designated
backward area will be treated as grant by the government in the nature of promoter’s
contribution as the grant is given with reference to the total investment in an undertaking i.e.
subsidy is 25% of the eligible investment and also no repayment is apparently expected in
respect thereof.
Since the subsidy received is neither in relation to specific fixed assets nor in relation
to revenue. Thus, the company cannot recognize the said subsidy as income in its financial
statements in the given case. It should be recognized as capital reserve which can be neither
distributed as dividend nor considered as deferred income.

Question 11 (ICAI Study Material) Pg no._____

Top & Top Limited has set up its business in a designated backward area which entitles the
company to receive from the Government of India a subsidy of 20% of the cost of investment,
for which no repayment was ordinarily expected. Moreover, there was no condition that the
company should purchase any specified assets for this subsidy. Having fulfilled all the
conditions under the scheme, the company on its investment of ₹ 50 crore in capital assets
received ₹ 10 crore from the Government in January, 2022 (accounting period being 2021-
2022). The company wants to treat this receipt as an item of revenue and thereby reduce the

Page 10K.15
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

losses on profit and loss account for the year ended 31st March, 2022. Keeping in view the
relevant Accounting Standard, discuss whether this action is justified or not.

Solution
As per AS 12 ‘Accounting for Government Grants’, where the government grants are of the
nature of promoters’ contribution, i.e. they are given with reference to the total investment in
an undertaking or by way of contribution towards its total capital outlay (for example, central
investment subsidy scheme) and no repayment is ordinarily expected in respect thereof, the
grants are treated as capital reserve which can be neither distributed as dividend nor
considered as deferred income.
In the given case, the subsidy received is neither in relation to specific fixed asset nor in
relation to revenue. Thus, it is inappropriate to recognise government grants in the profit and
loss statement, since they are not earned but represent an incentive provided by government
without related costs. The correct treatment is to credit the subsidy to capital reserve.
Therefore, the accounting treatment desired by the company is not proper.

Question 12 (Inter May 2019) (1 Marks) Pg no._____

State whether the following statement is 'True' or 'False'. Also give reason for your answer.
As per the provisions of AS-12, government grants in the nature of promoters' contribution
which become refundable should be reduced from the capital reserve.

Solution
True: When grants in the nature of promoters’ contribution becomes refundable, in part or in
full to the government on non-fulfillment of some specified conditions, the relevant amount
refundable to the government is reduced from the capital reserve.

Question 13 Pg no._____
Explain in brief treatment of Refund of Government Grants in line with AS 12 in the following
situations
a) When Government Grant is related to revenue,
b) When Government Grant is related to specific fixed assets,
c) When Government Grant is in the nature of Promoter's contribution.

Solution
As per AS 12, refund of Government Grant is treated in the following manner:
(a) When Government Grant is related to Revenue:
(i) The amount of refund is first adjusted against any unamortized deferred credit balance
still remaining in respect of the Grant.
(ii) Any excess refund over such deferred credit balance or where no deferred credit exists,
is immediately charged to Profit & Loss Account.

(b) When Government Grant is related to specific Fixed Asset:

(i) The amount of refund will increase the Book Value of the Asset, if at the time of receipt
of Grant, the cost of asset was reduced by the amount of Grant.
(ii) If at the time of receipt, the Grant amount was credited to Deferred Grant Account, then
the amount of refund will first reduce the unamortized balance of Deferred Grant
Account.

(c) When the Government Grant is in the nature of Promoter’s Contribution:

Capital Reserve will be reduced by the amount of refund.

Page 10K.16
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

Question 14 (Inter July 2021) (5 Marks) Pg no._____

Alps Limited has received the following Grants from the Government during the year ended
31st March, 2021:
a) ₹ 120 Lacs received as Subsidy from the Central Government for setting up an Industrial
undertaking in Medak, a notified backward area.
b) ₹ 15 Lacs Grant received from the Central Government on installation of Effluent Treatment
Plant.
c) ₹ 25 Lacs received from State Government for providing Medical facilities to its workmen
during the pandemic.
Advise Alps Limited on the treatment of the above Grants in its books of Account in
accordance with AS-12 "Government Grants".

Solution
a) As per AS 12 ‘Accounting for Government Grants’, where the government grants are in the
nature of promoters’ contribution i.e., they are given with reference to the total investment
in an undertaking or by way of contribution towards its total capital outl ay and no
repayment is ordinarily expected in respect thereof, the grants are treated as capital
reserve which can be neither distributed as dividend nor considered as deferred income.
In the given case, the subsidy received from the Central Government for setting up an
industrial undertaking in Medak is neither in relation to specific fixed asset nor in relation
in revenue. Thus, the amount of ₹ 120 Lacs should be credited to capital reserve.
(Note: Subsidy for setting up an industrial undertaking is considered to be in the nature of
promoter’s contribution)
b) As per AS 12 ‘Accounting for Government Grants’, two methods of presentation in financial
statements of grants related to specific fixed assets are regarded as acceptable
alternatives –
(i) The grant is shown as a deduction from the gross value of the asset concerned in
arriving at its book value. The grant is thus recognised in the profit and loss statement
over the useful life of a depreciable asset by way of a reduced depreciation charge.
Where the grant equals the whole, or virtually the whole, of the cost of the asset, the
asset is shown in the balance sheet at a nominal value.
(ii) Grants related to depreciable asset are treated as deferred income which is recognised
in the profit and loss statement on a systematic and rational basis over the useful life
of the asset.
In the given case, ₹ 15 Lacs was received as grant from the Central Government for
installation of Effluent Treatment Plant. Since the grant was received for a fixed asset,
either of the above methods can be adopted.
c) ₹ 25 lacs received from State Government for providing medical facilities to its workmen
during the pandemic is a grant received in nature of revenue grant. Such grants are
generally presented as a credit in the profit and loss statement, either separately or under
a general heading such as “Other Income”. Alternatively, ₹ 25 lacs may be deducted in
reporting the related expense i.e., employee benefit expense.

Question 15 (RTP May 2021) Pg no._____

ABC Ltd. received two acres of land received for set up of plant. It also received ₹ 2 lakhs
received for purchase of machinery of ₹ 10 lakhs. Useful life of machinery is 5 years.
Depreciation on this machinery is to be charged on straight-line basis. How should ABC Ltd.
recognize these government grants in its books of accounts?

Page 10K.17
 CA NITIN GOEL AS 12 CH-10K

Solution
ABC Ltd. should recognize the grants in the following manner:
• As per AS 12, government grants may take the form of non-monetary assets, such as land
or other resources, given at concessional rates. In these circumstances, it is usual to
account for such assets at their acquisition cost. Non-monetary assets given free of cost
are recorded at a nominal value. Accordingly, land should be recognised at nominal value
in the balance sheet.
• The standard provides option to treat the grant either as a deduction from the gross value
of the asset or to treat it as deferred income as per provisions of the standard. Under first
method, the grant is shown as a deduction from the gross value of the asset concerned in
arriving at its book value. The grant is thus recognised in the profit and loss statement
over the useful life of a depreciable asset by way of a reduced depreciation charge.
Accordingly, the grant of ₹ 2 lakhs is deducted from the cost of the machinery. Machinery
will be recognised in the books at ₹ 10 lakhs – ₹ 2 lakhs = ₹ 8 lakhs and depreciation will
be charged on it as follows:
₹ 8 lakhs/ 5 years = ₹ 1.60 lakhs per year.
Under the second method, grants related to depreciable assets are treated as deferred
income which is recognised in the profit and loss statement on a systematic and rational
basis over the useful life of the asset. Such allocation to income is usually made over the
periods and in the proportions in which depreciation on related assets is charged. ₹ 2 lakhs
should be recognised as deferred income and will be transferred to profit and loss over
the useful life of the asset. In this case, ₹ 40,000 [₹ 2 lakhs / 5 years] should be credited to
profit and loss each year over the period of 5 years.

Question 16 Pg no._____
P Limited belongs to the engineering industry. The Chief Accountant has prepared the draft
accounts for the year ended 31.03.2022. You are required to advise the company on the
following item from the viewpoint of finalisation of accounts, taking note of the mandatory
accounting standards:
The company purchased on 01.04.2021 special purpose machinery for ₹25 lakhs. It received a
Central Government Grant for 20% of the price. The machine has an effective life of 10 years.

Solution
AS 12 ‘Accounting for Government Grants’ regards two methods of presentation, of grants
related to specific fixed assets, in financial statements as acceptable alternatives.
Under the first method, the grant of ₹ 5,00,000 can be shown as a deduction from the gross
book value of the machinery in arriving at its book value. The grant is thus recognised in the
profit and loss statement over the useful life of a depreciable asset by way of a reduced
depreciation charge.
Under the second method, it can be treated as deferred income which should be recognised
in the profit and loss statement over the useful life of 10 years in the proportions in which
depreciation on machinery will be charged. The deferred income pending its apportionment
to profit and loss account should be disclosed in the balance sheet.
The following should also be disclosed:
a. the accounting policy adopted for government grants, including the methods of
presentation in the financial statements;
b. the nature and extent of government grants recognised in the financial statement of ₹ 5
lakhs.

Page 10K.18