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Map of Computer Science -

GeeksforGeeks
ankit_kumar_@ankit_kumar_

8-10 minutes

Computer science can be considered as the fastest developing

branch of technical science. The growth of computer science
has changed the era of living, learning and discovering new
things. You can discover the world using your mobile phone just
sitting at your home. Nowadays, everyone in this world is taking
advantage of computer science in every working field.

The diverse and overlapping fields in computer science which

consist of various subfields are represented using a map of
computer science. Various fields of computer science such as
human-computer interaction, software and hardware
engineering, artificial intelligence, machine learning etc.

Computer science is a subject which studies what computers

can do. The various field of which is split into three major parts:

1. Theoretical computer science

2. Computer engineering

3. Applications

These are explained as following below.

1. Theoretical computer science :

Theoretical computer science (TCS) is a subset of general

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software engineering and math that centres around numerical

parts of software engineering like the hypothesis of calculation,
lambda analytics, and type hypothesis.

Alan Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English

mathematician, computer researcher, rationalist, cryptanalyst,
scholar, and hypothetical scientist. Turing was exceptional
persuasive in the improvement of theoretical computer science,
giving a formalization of the ideas of calculation and calculation
with the Turing machine, which can be viewed as a model of a
universally useful PC. Turing is generally viewed as the dad of
theoretical computer science and man-made brainpower.

Theoretical computer science algorithms, data structures,

computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation,
probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata
theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and
verification, machine learning and computational biology.

• Computational complexity and algorithm –

In computer engineering, the computational intricacy or
essentially intricacy of a calculation is the measure of assets
needed to run it. The specific Centre is given to time and
memory necessities. The intricacy of an issue is the intricacy of
the best calculations that permit taking care of the issue.
The investigation of the intricacy of an expressly given algorithm
is called analysis of the algorithm, while the investigation of the
intricacy of issues is called computational intricacy hypothesis.
The two zones are profoundly related, as the intricacy of an
algorithm is consistently an upper bound on the intricacy of the
issue addressed by this algorithm.

• Cryptography –

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Cryptography is the preparation and examination of procedures

for secure correspondence inside seeing outcasts called
adversaries. All the more by and large, cryptography is tied in
with developing and dissecting conventions that keep outsiders
or the general population from perusing private messages.

2. Computer engineering :
Computer engineering is a part of the engineering that
coordinates a few fields of software engineering and electronic
designing needed to create computer equipment and
programming. Computer engineering ordinarily has to prepare in
electronic designing (or electrical designing), programming plan,
and equipment programming mix rather than just computer
programming or electronic designing. PC engineers are
engaged with numerous equipment and programming parts of
processing, from the plan of individual microcontroller, chip,
PCs, and supercomputers, to circuit plan. This field of designing
not just spotlights on how computer frameworks themselves
work but also how they incorporate into the bigger picture.
There are three main applications and practice which comes
under computer engineering :

(i). Computer hardware engineering –

Hardware Engineering is the way toward planning, creating,
testing and delivering PC frameworks and different actual parts
identified with computer frameworks

In implanted frameworks, equipment designing involves the

interaction of plan and improvement of all gadgets related
equipment like sensors, processors and regulators.

(ii). Computer software engineering –

Software engineering is characterized as a cycle of dissecting

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client prerequisites and afterwards planning, building, and

testing programming application which will fulfil those
necessities.

Various subfields and disciplines which are involved in software

engineering are computer science, management science,
economics and system engineering.

(iii). Computer engineering licensing and practice –

arrangement
This branch of computer science contains approval to
encourage public welfare, safety, well-being and other interests
of the public and to define the licensure process through which
an engineer becomes authorized to learn to engineer and to
provide the best and unique service to the world.

• Computer architecture :
In computer engineering, computer architecture is a bunch of
decisions and make strategies that depict the usefulness,
association, and execution of computer frameworks. A few
meanings of engineering characterize it as depicting the
capacities and programming model of a computer however not a
specific execution. In different definitions, computer engineering
includes guidance set design plan, micro-architecture plan,
rationale plan, and execution.

• Operating system :
An operating system is system software that controls the
working of the computer hardware, software components and
provides various services to the computer. Operating systems
are found on many devices such as mobile, supercomputer and
many other processing devices.

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3. Applications of computer science :

• Artificial intelligence –
Artificial intelligence (AI) suggests the amusement of human
information in machines that are altered to think as individuals
and duplicate their exercises. The term may moreover be
applied to any machine that shows attributes related to a human
mind, for instance, learning and basic reasoning.

• Machine learning –
It is intended to perform different assignments inside a space
(for example language interpretation). General AI is speculative
and not area explicit, but rather can perform and learn errands
anyplace. This is outside the extent of this paper. This paper
Centre around progress in slender AI, especially on the
advancement of new calculations and models in a field of
software engineering alluded to as AI.

• Computer vision –
Computer vision is the branch of computer science that enables
the vision to computers so that computers can see objects as
we do. This process requires image processing techniques to
figure out objects.

• Big data –
Big data is the field that describes the ways to analyses the
information that has been extracted from the computer system in
large data sets or which are complex to be working with using
software like data-processing.

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• Human computer interaction –

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the branch of computer
science which deals with the study of design and use of
computer technology focusing on the interface between user
and computer. . Researchers in the field of HCI observe the
ways in which humans interact with computers and design
technologies that let humans interact with computers in many
ways.

• Virtual and argumental reality –

Virtual reality (VR) alludes to a computer produced recreation in
which an individual can associate inside a fake three-
dimensional climate utilizing electronic gadgets, for example,
special goggles with a screen or gloves fitted with sensors.

• Telepresence –
It refers to a bunch of innovations that permit an individual to feel
as though they were available, to give the presence of being
available, or to have an impact, by means of telerobotics, at a
spot other than their actual area.
It necessitates that the clients’ faculties be furnished with so
many boosts as to give the sensation of being in that other area.

• Robotics –
Mechanical technology is an interdisciplinary field that joins
software engineering and designing. Mechanical technology
incorporates plan, improvement, movement, and use of robots.
The goal of mechanical innovation is to arrange machines that
can help and help individuals.

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