CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Proper waste management has a major contribution to make in shifting the planet

towards a sustainable future. Often the immediate action being considered in any city or

country will not seem to be on a scale significant enough to make a difference. The

most urgent task may well be something which appears to be mundane, like moving

from uncontrolled to controlled dumpsites.

The waste management concept "dilute and disperse" is a holdover from a lot of

individuals frontier days, when all of us mistakenly believed land and water to be

limitless resources. The researchers next attempted to "concentrate and contain" waste

disposal sites a practice that also proved land, air, and water resources. The

researchers are now focusing on managing materials to eliminate waste. The solid

waste generated within area of jurisdiction shall be characterized for initial source

reduction and recycling element of the local waste management plan. A separate

container is required for each type of waste for on-site collection properly marked as

compostable, non-recyclable, recyclable .Waste segregation shall primarily conducted

at the source including household, commercial, industrial and agricultural sources.

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The Philippines at present is interested in incinerations as proven for waste

management, requiring relatively small space, the passage of the Philippine Clean Air

Act law bans the use of incinerators. The need for waste management measures give

opportunities for energy recovery either from landfills by the collection of the land-fill

gas, from the incineration or through digestion of waste to produce compost with the

production of bio-gas. In Republic act 9003 gives prime importance to the roles of LGUs

in managing their respective solid wastes. LGU established of Material Recovery

Facility (MRF) in barangay and city level, composting of biodegradable waste to be

used as organic fertilizer, innovative way of recycling of non-biodegradable waste and

construction of sanitary fill. Growing LGU is to come up with solid waste and pollution

control strategies that would effectively reduce the rubbish released to the environment.

It encourages and facilitates the development of local plans and human activities

contributing significantly in waste management. It recognizes the effects of improper

management, garbage crisis can be prevented by practicing waste characterization and

segregation at source, proper collection, transfer, recycling and composting as

mandated by law.
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Theoretical Framework

The management of solid waste has become an urgent problem. Product

responsibility means that a product will accompany its producer from cradle to grave;

prevention, recycling and disposal of waste are part of a theory of the firm which we

develop under solid residual management. We assume that the government stimulates

firms to enhance recycling of resources by a fee on waste. A comparative statics

analysis shows the impact of a fee on waste reduction, on the structure of the

production process, on recycling, on input demand, material saving effort, number of

firms, and on the amount of waste disposal. The theory of waste management from Eva

Pongrácz (2011) is a unified body of knowledge about waste and waste management,

and it is founded on the expectation that waste management is to prevent waste to

cause harm to human health and the environment and promote resource use

optimization. Waste Management Theory is to be constructed under the paradigm of

Industrial Ecology as Industrial Ecology is equally adaptable to incorporate waste

minimization and/or resource use optimization goals and values. Research is needed to

understand consumers’ recycling behaviors to potentially increase the recovery rate of

recyclable materials. Drawing from the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985),

sought to understand the factors that

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influence intentions to recycle plastic bottles once they are consumed. Data were

collected from students (N = 144) at a large, public institution to understand their

intentions to recycle plastic bottles after consumption. Previous recycling behaviors,

gender, political orientation, attitudes, and subjective norm were reliable predictors of

intentions, with the total model accounting for 54% of the variance. Antecedents of

attitudes and subjective norms (i.e., family and friends) were also identified. Implications

for theory and policy development are discussed.

Conceptual Framework

Waste Management is one of the greater challenges for development all over the

world. The conceptual issues of this study will include the waste management practices

to lessen its impact on environmental and socio economic development.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Recycled Materials
such as:
- CD -Collecting Livelihood
-Bottles -Cutting products from
-Spoons -Pasting recycled material
-Zippers -Designing
-Food wrappers
-Bamboo
-Broom Sticks
 Figure 1 5

Research Paradigm

Figure 1 presents the framework of the study. The first box includes the materials

to be used in the study, they are treated as the input to be applied with various

processes mentioned in the second box to come up with the expected output; which are

livelihood products that will enhance the status of living of the society.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to produce a product which is made up of recycled

materials. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the different methods in managing wastes?

2. How do these methods help the community in terms of

2.1 reducing wastes

2.2 livelihood and

2.3 health

3. What livelihood products can be produced to encourage individuals to practice

the waste management?

Hypothesis 6

Waste management cannot upgrade the status of the society.

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation of the Study

This study entitled "Upgrading Society through Waste Management" aims to help

change the future for a better world. It gives importance and relevance to our waste that

we can still Reuse, Reduce, Recycle and Recover. The study only tackled the different

lessons in research that might appear and happen in everyday life. Especially, on how

to care for the environment. The researchers utilized the students in University of

Batangas.

Significance of the Study

This section will provide brief description on the various significance of waste

management in upgrading the society and who will benefit the study.

To students. The proposed study will serve as their guide to learn the different

methods in managing waste and to know the importance of managing waste in reducing

waste, in livelihood and in health.

To parents. This study can serve as their guide in making new products out of

used materials and waste, it can serve as an extra income and can serve as livelihood.
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To teachers. This study can help them to teach and practice their selves and

their student on how to manage their waste.

To every individual. This study will teach everyone to practice waste

management to avoid pollution, to avoid landfills and to avoid diseases that can harm

people in the community.

Definition of Terms

For vivid understanding the following terms are defined conceptually and

operationally:

Recycled materials It is the matter from which something can be made. In this

study, it refers to things or materials that are created out of used materials.

Recycling is a process to convert waste materials into reusable material to

prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw

materials. (Merriam-Webster) In this study, it refers to one of the methods in managing

waste.

Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or it is worthless,

defective and of no use. (Merriam-Webster) In this study, it refers to a used or thrown

materials.
 Waste management is the process of treating solid wastes and offers variety8of

solutions for recycling items that don’t belong to trash. It is about how garbage can be

used as a valuable resource (Merriam Webster) In this study, it refers to a process of

recycling and reducing the waste in a community.