Soil Test Report

GEOTREAT
1.0 INTRODUCTION & INVESTIGATION SCHEME

The geotechnical investigation work in connection with the expansion of
the factories at 1, Taratola Road, Kidderpore, Hindustan Unilever Limited,
was awarded to M/S GEOTREAT, 83/46, Dum Dum Road, Kolkata-700074
by M/S. Hindustan Unilever Limited, 1, Transport Depot Road, Kolkata -
700088. The assignment includes the following:
a) Construction of 4 boreholes through soil.
b) Collection of disturbed representative soil samples.
c) Collection of undisturbed soil samples.
d) Conducting SPT in the boreholes.
e) Laboratory testing of soil samples.
f) Submission of report in triplicate.
2.0 LOCATION & DESCRIPTION

The site is located within the premises of Hindustan Unilever Limited, 1,
Taratola Road, Kidderpore, Kolkata.
3.0 LOCATION OF TESTS
Four boreholes were constructed at this site.
4.0 SOIL BORING
The bore holes were constructed (IS-1892/1979) by employing
mechanically operated soil boring equipment for advancement of the
bores. The diameter of the boreholes was 150 mm. Flush jointed mild
steel temporary casings were introduced as the borehole advanced in
order to prevent caving of the soil inside the bore. The sub soil deposits
encountered in the process are noted and reported stratumwise with
depth in the field borelogs depthwise. These records are available in
Appendix B of this report.
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
5.0 SAMPLING
With the progress of the soil boring work, disturbed representative soil
samples & core samples were collected in polythene bags and wooden
core box respectively. The disturbed soil samples were labeled
depthwise and boreholewise after the respective field drill logs were
prepared. The total number of standard penetration test and type of
samples collected from the drill holes are given in the following table.
TABLE – I
Bore hole Boring Depth Standing Samples collected
No (m) Water level UDS SPT DS
(m)
1 30.45 5.00 2 19 3
2 20.45 1.60 2 11 3
3 20.45 0.35 - 13 1
4 20.45 0.80 2 13 3
5 20.45 2.00 2 11 3
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
6.0 FIELD TEST

Only Standard Penetration Test and visual identification tests were
conducted in the field.
6.1 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST
In order to determine the strength characteristics of the soil encountered
at various depths in the boreholes, a number of Standard Penetration
tests (SPT) were carried out as per Indian Standard Specification No.
2131/1981.
A 65 Kg mass “Monkey hammer” was dropped freely from a height of
750mm on a jarring block connected to the drill strings and the Terzaghi
Spilt - Spoon assembly. The summation of the number of blows to
penetrate the second and third 150mm stretch of the penetrometer was
recorded as the “N” value. The values and the depths were mentioned
in the respective bore logs. Disturbed representative samples were also
collected from the Split barrel samples.
The relationship between N value and relevant consistency of soil
suggested by Terzaghi and Peck are mentioned as under:
TABLE - II
TYPE OF SOIL N – VALUE CONSISTENCY
1 to 4 Soft
4 to 8 Firm
Plastic 8 to 15 Stiff
15 to 30 Very stiff
Over 30 Hard
1 to 10 Loose
Non plastic 10 to 30 Medium
30 to 50 Dense
Over 50 Very dense
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
7.0 LABORATORY TESTS

Following tests were performed in the laboratory adopting standard
practices.
1. Grain size analysis.
2. Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit.
3. Natural Moisture Content.
4. Specific Gravity.
5. Bulk & Dry unit weight.
6. Consolidation tests.
7. Tri-axial Shear Test.
8. Chemical Test of water samples.
Laboratory test results are presented in a tabular form in the Appendix.
All the tests were conducted as per relevant Indian Standard
Specifications.
1. Grain size analysis [IS: 2720(PART-4)-1985]
By this test, the percentage of sand, silt and clay are determined by
sieve analysis or wet mechanical analysis. Sieve analysis is carried out by
sieving a known dry weight of sample through a set of standard sieves.
The wet mechanical analysis is based on STOKE’S law, by virtue of
velocity of falling particles. Certain weight of soil is dispersed in certain
volume of water and the purpose is served by out the mixture after
required intervals and oven drying.
2. Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit [IS: 2720(PART-5)-1985]
These are moisture contents to determine the instant at which the soil is
on the verge of being viscous liquid (Liquid Limit) or non-plastic (Plastic
Limit). Liquid Limit is determined with the help of a Liquid Limit apparatus.
Plastic Limit is the water content at which the soil begins to crumble
when rolled out into a thin thread of 3 mm.
3. Natural Moisture Content [IS: 2720(PART-2)-1973]
It is the ratio of the weight of water to the dry weight of soil determined
by oven drying.
w = (Ww /Ws) x 100 (%)
Where, w = natural moisture content
Ww = weight of water
Ws = weight of soil
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
4. Specific Gravity [IS: 2720(PART-3/SEC-2)-1980]

The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of its weight in air to the
weight of an equal volume of water at reference temperature 4°c. It is
expressed by the formula-
G = W/ (V X γ)
Where, W = Weight of soil
V = Volume of soil
It is a dimensionless ratio and therefore has no unit.
5. Bulk & Dry unit weight
Bulk unit weight is the weight of the undisturbed samples per unit volume
determined by taking the weight and volume of the specimen. It is
expressed as-
γt = W / V
Where, W = Weight of soil
V = Volume of soil
The dry unit weight of a soil mass is expressed as the ratio of the weight
of solids Ws to the total volume V. It is expressed as
γd = Ws / V
6. Consolidation tests [IS: 2720(PART-15)-1986]
This test is necessary to estimate the settlement characteristics of
cohesive soils. In the consolidation ring (6.2 cm dia Odometer) a 2 cm
high sample is taken with porous stones on top and bottom. After
saturation, a compressive load is applied and maintained for 24 hours.
The compression of the sample is measured at regular intervals by a dial
gauge. Thus, load increment is made and the procedure is repeated.
From the results obtained e-log P curve is drawn. The volume
compressibility mv is measured by the following formula:
mv = ( ∆H/H ) X (1 / ∆P )
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
7. Triaxial Shear Test [IS: 2720(PART-10)-1973]

Shear strength parameters C & φ are usually determined from triaxial
shear test. These parameters depend upon the drainage condition,
stress history etc. Triaxial shear test is conducted on cohesive soils also
depending on silt content. The samples in this test are subjected to
different lateral stress as well as vertical stress. The lateral stress on the
sample is kept constant when the test continues.
8. Chemical Test of soil samples [IS: 2720(PART-27)-1987]
The following chemical tests were performed in the laboratory-
pH Value : The pH value of the specimen was found out with the help of
a DIGITAL pH-meter (Model: 111E, Make: Environmental & Scientific
Instrument Co.) from filtered solutions.
Chloride Content: Solutions were prepared from the soil samples in
distilled water as per standard procedure and the chloride content was
determined by titration method using Silver Nitrate Solution and
Potassium Chromate indicator and then by calculations using formula
provided in relevant books.
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
8.0 GROUND CONDITION

Engineering classification of the deposits encountered at the boreholes
has been done based on visual identification and laboratory tests.
The subsoil at different sites has been briefly described below.
Stratum I: Stratum I consists of FILL comprising rubbish, broken concrete,

flyash and other heterogeneous materials. The average thickness of the
stratum is 1 m.
Stratum II: Stratum II consists of soft to firm grayish brown to bluish grey
Clayey SILT with occasional presence of decomposed wood. The
thickness of the stratum is 11.0 m and the average N value is 5.
Stratum III: Stratum III consists of dense grey to bluish grey fine grained
SAND with tiny mica particles. The average N value of the stratum is 35.
The stratum extends up to the explored depth.
9.0 GROUND WATER

Respective bore logs are provided with the actual depth where water
was encountered after completion of the boring work in each of them.
For design purpose it may be assumed at ground level. The observed
ground water levels are as given below:
TABLE – III
BORE HOLE NO. DEPTH OF G.W.L. (m)
1 5.00
2 1.60
3 0.35
4 0.80
5 2.00
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
10.0 GENERALISED SOIL PROFILE WITH DESIGN SOIL PARAMETERS
Stratum & Depth Description of N N M C L.L P.L B.D Shear Consolidation

Thickness* (m) Soil value (%) (%) (%) (KN/m3) Parameter
(m) B.E.G.L C φ Cc/(1 + e0)
(Kpa) (Deg)
0 FILL comprising rubbish,
I
broken concrete, flyash and - - - - - - - -
1.0
1.0 other heterogeneous materials.
1.0 Soft to firm grayish brown to
II bluish grey Clayey SILT with
5 42 60 29 17.0 20 4 0.1560
11.0 occasional presence of
12.0 decomposed wood.
12.0 Dense grey to bluish grey fine
III Explored grained SAND with tiny mica 35 - NP NP - - - -
depth particles.
• This is an average of the thicknesses at different boreholes. The thickness of same stratum varies widely
at different borehole locations. Please refer individual borelog and the borehole profile for actual
data.
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
11.0 TYPICAL CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY & SETTLEMENT:
SHALLOW FOUNDATION:
EGL (0.00)
Stratum I (Top soil)
γ = 1.50 t/ m3 (Assumed)
Stratum II (Clayey silt) 2.0 m

γ = 1.70 t/ m3, C = 2 t/m2 F.L. (-.1.5 m)
Φ = 4, C’c = 0.1560 1
+A 2
Stratum III (Sand) (-12.0 m)

γ = 1.80 t/ m3 (Assumed), N =35
• For all calculation purposes G.W.T is considered at G.L.
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
BEARING CAPACITY
SQUARE FOUNDATION- (2.0 m x 2.0 m)
1) Depth of foundation (Df) = 1.5 m

2) Size of foundation (B) = 2.0 m x 2.0 m
3) Bulk density of Stratum I (Assumed) = 1.50 t/ m3
4) Bulk density of Stratum II = 1.70 t/ m3
5) Cohesion C at founding depth = 2.0 t/ m2
6) Φ of Stratum II = 40
7) C’c of Stratum II = 0.1560
SAFE BEARING CAPACITY: (IS: 6403-1981)

SBC in general shear condition =1/ 2.5[C Nc Sc dc ic + q (Nq -1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 γ B Nγ Sγ dγ iγ w’]
Here, Nc = 6.22 (for Φ = 4), Sc =1.3, dc = 1 + 0.2 Df/B tan(45 + φ/2) = 1 + 0.2 x
1.5/2.0 x tan 47 = 1.161, ic = 1
∴ SBC in general shear condition =1/ 2.5[C Nc Sc dc ic] ignoring other components as they are
negligible
= 1/2.5[2 x 6.22 x 1.3 x 1.161 x 1] = 7.5 t/m2
SETTLEMENT
For Stratum II
A) Si = P x B x (1-µ2) x I/E
In the present case, P = 7.5 t/m2
B = 2.0 m
µ = 0.5 (Cl. 9.2.3.2 of I.S.8009 (Pt-I)-1976)
I = 1.12 (Table 2, of I.S.8009 (Pt-I)-1976 for square footing)
E = 500 x C = 500 x 2 = 1000 t/m2 (Theory & Practice of Foundation
Design by N.N Som & S.C. Das)
Hence, Si = 7.5 x 2.0 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 12.6 mm
Applying depth correction factor for D/√LB = 0.75 and L/B = 1which is 0.775
Actual Si = 0.775 x 12.6 = 9.76 mm
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
B) SB = Cc/ (1+eo) x H log10 (Po + Δ P)/Po

In the present case,
Cc/ (1+eo) for Stratum II = 0.1560 (Ref Page 8)
H = 4.0 m
Po at center of pressure bulb (+A) = 0.5 x 1.0 + 0.70 x 2.5 = 2.25 t/m2
Δ P at center of pressure bulb = 7.5 x 2.0 x 2.0/(2.0 + 2.0)2 = 1.88 t/m2
∴SB for Stratum II = 0.1560 x 4.0 x log10 (2.25 + 1.88)/2.25 = 165 mm
Applying depth correction factor of 0.775 and pore pressure correction of
0.80 (Theory & Practice of Foundation Design, P-143),
Actual SB = 0.775 x 0.80 x 165 = 102.3 mm
Total settlement = 9.76 + 102.3 = 112 mm
Assuming SBC = 3.0 t/m2,
Si for Stratum II = 0.775 x 3.0 x 2.0 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 3.9 mm
SB for Stratum II= 0.775 x 0.8 x 0.1560 x 4.0 x log10 (2.25 + 0.75)/2.25 = 48.3 mm
∴ Total settlement = 3.9 + 48.3 = 52 mm < 75 mm. Hence O.K
Si for Stratum II = 0.775 x 2.0 x 2.0 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 2.6 mm
SB for Stratum II= 0.775 x 0.8 x 0.1560 x 4.0 x log10 (2.25 + 0.50)/2.25 = 33.7 mm
∴ Total settlement = 2.6 + 33.7 = 36 mm < 40 mm. Hence O.K
Hence we recommend an SBC of 30 KPa for 2.0 m x 2.0 m square foundation
at a depth of 1.5 m below EGL for a calculated settlement of 52 mm and 20
KPa for a calculated settlement of 36 mm.
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
12.0 TYPICAL CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY & SETTLEMENT:

(Using 1.0 m thick compacted sand cushion)
SHALLOW FOUNDATION:
EGL (0.00)
(-1.0 m)
Stratum II (Clayey silt) 2.0 m F.L. (-1.5 m)
γ = 1.7 t/ m3, C = 2 t/m2 1 m thick compacted sand
Φ = 4, C’c = 0.1560 1
2
+A
Stratum III (Sand) (-12.0 m)

γ = 1.80 t/ m3 (Assumed), N =35
• For all calculation purposes G.W.T is considered at G.L.
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
BEARING CAPACITY
6) Cohesion, C at Stratum II = 2.0 t/m2
7) Thickness of sand cushion = 1.0 m
8) Bulk density of compacted sand = 2.0 t/ m3
9) Angle of friction for compacted sand = 350
For ψ= 35, Nq = 33.3, Nγ = 48.03, Sq =1.2, Sγ = 0.80, dq= dγ= 1 + 0.1 x df/B tan (45 +
ψ /2)= 1 + 0.1 x 1.5/2.0 x tan 62.5 = 1.144, iq = iγ = 1, B = 2.0, γ = 2.0, w′= 0.5, q
= 0.50 x 1 + 0.70 x 0.5 = 0.85 t/m2
qsafe for sand layer = 1/ 2.5 x [q (Nq – 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B γ Nγ Sγ dγ iγ w′]
qsafe = 1/2.5 x[(0.85x32.3 x1.2 x1.144 x1)+(0.5x2.0 x2 x48.03 x 0.8 x 1.144 x 0.5)]
= 32 t/m2 (3.2 Kg/cm2)
SETTLEMENT [I.S. 8009 (Pt-1)-1976]:
For sand cushion
From Fig 9 of I.S. 8009(Pt I)-1976, the settlement factor for unit pressure intensity
(kg/cm2) for N = 25 (corresponding φ= 35) and B = 2.0 is 0.0100 m
∴ Settlement = 0.0100 x 1000 x 3.2 = 32.0 mm
For Stratum II
A) Si = P x B x (1-µ2) x I/E
In the present case, P at the bottom of sand cushion
= 32 x 2.0 x 2.0 / (2.0+ 1.0)2 t/m2 = 14.2 t/m2
B = 2.0 m
µ = 0.5 (Cl. 9.2.3.2 of I.S.8009 (Pt-I)-1976)
E = 500 x C = 500 x 2.0 = 1000 t/m2 (Theory & Practice of Foundation
Hence, Si = 14.2 x 2.0 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 23.9 mm
Applying depth correction for D/√LB = 0.75 and L/B = 1 which is 0.775 [Ref: Fig
12 of I.S. 8009(Pt-I)-1976]
Actual Si = 0.775 x 23.9 = 18.5 mm
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Cc/ (1+eo) for Stratum II = 0.1560(Ref Generalized soil profile at page 8)
H=3m
Po at center of pressure bulb (+A) = 0.50 x 1 + 0.70 x 3.0 = 2.60 t/m2
Δ P at center of pressure bulb = 32 x 2.0 x 2.0/ (2.0+ 2.5) 2 = 6.32 t/m2
∴SB for Stratum II= 0.1560 x 3.0 x log10 (2.60 + 6.32)/2.60 = 250 mm
Applying depth correction of 0.775 and pore pressure correction of 0.80
(Theory & Practice of Foundation Design, P-143),
Actual SB = 0.775 x 0.80 x 250 = 155 mm
Total settlement = 32 + 18.5 + 155 = 206 mm > 75 mm.
Settlement of sand cushion = 0.0100 x 1000 x 0.8 = 8.0 mm
Settlement of Stratum II = 0.775 x 3.56 x 2.0 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 4.6 mm
SB for Stratum I = 0.775x0.80x0.1560x3.0x log10 (2.60 + 1.58)/2.60 = 59.8 mm
Total settlement = 8.0 + 4.6 + 59.8 = 72.4 mm < 75 mm. Hence O.K.
Settlement of Stratum I = 0.775 x 1.78 x 2.0 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 2.3 mm

at a depth of 1.5 m below EGL using 1.0 m thick hydraulically compacted
sand cushion under the footing for a calculated settlement of 72.4 mm and
40 KPa for a calculated settlement of 39.7 mm.
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
BEARING CAPACITY
6) Cohesion, C at Stratum II = 2.0 t/m2
7) Thickness of sand cushion = 1.0 m
8) Bulk density of compacted sand = 2.0 t/ m3
9) Angle of friction for compacted sand = 350
For ψ= 35, Nq = 33.3, Nγ = 48.03, Sq =1.2, Sγ = 0.80, dq= dγ= 1 + 0.1 x df/B tan (45 +
ψ /2)= 1 + 0.1 x 1.5/2.5 x tan 62.5 = 1.115, iq = iγ = 1, B = 2.5, γ = 2.0, w′= 0.5, q
= 0.50 x 1 + 0.70 x 0.5 = 0.85 t/m2
qsafe for sand layer = 1/ 2.5 x [q (Nq – 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5 B γ Nγ Sγ dγ iγ w′]
qsafe = 1/2.5 x[(0.85x32.3 x1.2 x1.115 x1)+(0.5x2.5 x2 x48.03 x 0.8 x 1.115 x 0.5)]
= 36 t/m2 (3.6 Kg/cm2)
SETTLEMENT [I.S. 8009 (Pt-1)-1976]:
For sand cushion
From Fig 9 of I.S. 8009(Pt I)-1976, the settlement factor for unit pressure intensity
(kg/cm2) for N = 25 (corresponding φ= 35) and B = 2.5 is 0.0110 m
∴ Settlement = 0.0110 x 1000 x 3.6 = 39.6 mm
For Stratum II
A) Si = P x B x (1-µ2) x I/E
In the present case, P at the bottom of sand cushion
= 36 x 2.5 x 2.5 / (2.5+ 1.0)2 t/m2 = 18.37 t/m2
B = 2.5 m
µ = 0.5 (Cl. 9.2.3.2 of I.S.8009 (Pt-I)-1976)
E = 500 x C = 500 x 2.0 = 1000 t/m2 (Theory & Practice of Foundation
Hence, Si = 18.37 x 2.5 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 38.6 mm
Applying depth correction for D/√LB = 0.60 and L/B = 1 which is 0.825 [Ref: Fig
12 of I.S. 8009(Pt-I)-1976]
Actual Si = 0.825 x 38.6 = 31.8 mm
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Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Cc/ (1+eo) for Stratum II = 0.1560(Ref Generalized soil profile at page 8)
H=4m
Po at center of pressure bulb (+A) = 0.50 x 1 + 0.70 x 3.5= 2.95 t/m2
Δ P at center of pressure bulb = 36 x 2.5 x 2.5/ (2.5+ 3.0) 2 = 7.44 t/m2
∴SB for Stratum II= 0.1560 x 4.0 x log10 (2.95 + 7.44)/2.95 = 341 mm
Applying depth correction of 0.825 and pore pressure correction of 0.80
(Theory & Practice of Foundation Design, P-143),
Actual SB = 0.825 x 0.80 x 341 = 225 mm
Total settlement = 39.6 + 31.8 + 225 = 296 mm > 75 mm.
Settlement of Stratum II = 0.825 x 3.06 x 2.5 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 5.3 mm
Settlement of Stratum I = 0.825 x 1.53 x 2.5 x 0.75 x 1.12/1000 = 2.6 mm
Total settlement = 3.3 + 2.6 + 34.1 = 40 mm. Hence O.K.

at a depth of 1.5 m below EGL using 1.0 m thick hydraulically compacted
sand cushion under the footing for a calculated settlement of 72.4 mm and
30 KPa for a calculated settlement of 40 mm.
16
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
13.0 TYPICAL CALAULATION FOR PILE LOAD CAPACITY
BOREHOLE LOCATION BH1
EGL (0.00)
γ = 1.50 t/ m3,
(-1.0 m)
Stratum II (Clayey silt)

γ = 1.75 t/ m3, C = 2.0 t/m2 C.O.L (-2.0 m)
(- 12.0 m )
Stratum III (Sand)
N = 28 (- 14.0 m)
NOTE:
• Pile dia =400/ 500/ 600 / 750 mm

• Pile shaft length = 12 m
• C.O.L. = 2 m
17
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
DETAILED CALCULATION SHEET FOR PILE [IS:2911(Part I/Sec 2) -2010]

A) 400 mm dia
Critical depth = 17.5 (for Ф = 35) x dia of pile = 17.5 x 0.40 = 7.0 m
Stratum II Stratum III
(Soft clayey silt) (Sand)
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.0 -
N - 28
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
δ (Ф) - Ф = 36 for N = 28 Considered 35
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.75 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.75
PD (t/m2) - 0.75 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.75
γ (t/m3) 1.75 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.40 x 10.0 = 12.57 π x 0.40 x 2.0 = 2.51
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.40)2 / 4 = 0.12
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -
Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.0 x 12.57 = 25 -
Stratum III 1.25 x 3.75 x tan35 x 2.51 = 8 0.12 x (0.5 x 0.40 x 0.80 x 48.03 + 3.75 x 48) = 22
Total 33 22
Grand total: 55
Skin friction: 1) Cohesive soil = α x Ċ x As 2) Non-cohesive soil = K x PDi x tan δ x Asi 3) Rock = As x qs
End bearing: 1) Cohesive soil =Ap x Ne x Cp 2) Non-cohesive soil = Ap x (½ D x γ x Nγ + PD x Nq) 3) Rock = Ksp x qc x df x Ab
Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 55 t

Considering a factor of safety of 2.5,
Safe end load bearing capacity = 55/2.5 = 22 t
Hence, we recommend 220 KN safe axial load bearing capacity of 400
mm dia bored cast-in-situ R.C.C. pile of 12 m shaft length with a cut-off
level 2.0 m.
18
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
UPLIFT CAPACITY OF PILE:

Bulk density of reinforced concrete (Ref: I.S.456-2000) = 2.5 t/m3
∴ Buoyant weight of pile = π/4 (0.40)2 x 12 x (2.5 – 1) = 2.26 t
Skin friction = 33 t
∴ Uplift capacity = 1/3 x 33 + 2.26 = 13 t
NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION:
a) Length of pile in Stratum II (L) = 10 m
b) Dia of pile (d) = 400 mm = 0.40 m
c) Cohesion C at Stratum II = 2.0 t/m2
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.4 x 10 x 2 = 10 t (Ref: IRC)
Ultimate skin friction to be considered =Total skin friction– NSF = 33 – 10 = 23 T
∴ Safe pile capacity considering NSF = (23 + 22)/2.5 = 18 T
LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY:
Considering fixed head condition
C at the stratum = 20 KN/m2
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
k1 =7.2 x103 KN/m3 (for qu = 40 KN/m2, Ref: Table 4, I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
B = 0.40 m
K = 3.60 x103
Now , K = z x ηh (z = Depth of fixity)
Assuming z = 10 x dia of pile = 10 x 0.40 = 4.0 m
∴ ηh = K/z = 3.60 x 103/4.0 = 0.90 x 103
T (Stiffness factor) = (EI/ ηh)1/5
E for concrete (M25) = 5000 x √fck =5000 x 5= 25 x103 N/mm2 = 25 x106 KN/m2
I for circular section = πd4/64 = 1.26 x 10-3 m4
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/0.90 x 103)1/5 = 2.04 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
For L1/T = 0 (for fixed end, L1 = 0), Lf/T = 2.20
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 2.04 = 4.49 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
Considering allowable deflection = 5 mm = 5 x 10-3 m,
zf = Lf = 4.49 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/4.493 = 21 KN
19
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
B) 500 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.0 -
N - 28
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.75 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 5.06
PD (t/m2) - 0.75 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 5.06
γ (t/m3) 1.75 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.50 x 10.0 = 15.71 π x 0.50 x 2.0 = 3.14
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.50)2 / 4 = 0.20
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.0 x 15.71 = 31 -
Total 35 50
Grand total: 85

level 2.0 m.
20
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

b) Dia of pile (d) = 500 mm = 0.50 m
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.5 x 10 x 2 = 12.5 t (Ref: IRC)
Ultimate skin friction to be considered=Total skin friction– NSF = 35 –12.5 = 22.5 T
∴ Safe pile capacity considering NSF = (22.5 + 50)/2.5 = 29 T
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.50 m
K = 2.88 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 2.88 x 103/5.0 = 0.57 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/0.57 x 103)1/5 = 2.66 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 2.66 = 5.85 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 5.85 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/5.853 = 23 KN
21
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
C) 600 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.0 -
N - 28
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.75 x (10.5 – 2.0) = 6.37
PD (t/m2) - 0.75 x (10.5 – 2.0) = 6.37
γ (t/m3) 1.75 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.60 x 10.0 = 18.85 π x 0.60 x 2.0 = 3.77
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.60)2 / 4 = 0.28
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.0 x 18.85 = 38 -
Total 55 89
Grand total: 144

level 2.0 m.
22
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

b) Dia of pile (d) = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Ultimate skin friction to be considered=Total skin friction– NSF = 55 –15 = 40 T
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.60 m
K = 2.40 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 2.40 x 103/6.0 = 0.40 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/0.40 x 103)1/5 = 3.31 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 3.31 = 7.28 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 7.28 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/7.283 = 25 KN
23
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
D) 750 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.0 -
N - 28
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.75 x (12 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 1.0 = 8.30
PD (t/m2) - 0.75 x (12 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 1.0 = 8.30
γ (t/m3) 1.75 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.75 x 10.0 = 23.56 π x 0.75 x 2.0 = 4.71
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.75)2 / 4 = 0.44
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.0 x 23.56 = 47 -
Total 81 181
Grand total: 262

level 2.0 m.
24
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

b) Dia of pile (d) = 750 mm = 0.75 m
Ultimate skin friction to be considered=Total skin friction– NSF = 81 –19 = 62 T
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.75 m
K = 1.92 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 1.92 x 103/7.5 = 0.26 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/0.26 x 103)1/5 = 4.31 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 4.31 = 9.48 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 9.48 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/9.483 = 27 KN
25
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
EGL (0.00)
γ = 1.50 t/ m3,
C.O.L (-2.0 m)

γ = 1.66 t/ m3, C = 2.9 t/m2
(- 16.0 m )
Stratum III (Sand)
N = 28 (- 18.0 m)
NOTE:
• Pile dia =400/ 500/ 600 / 750 mm

• C.O.L. = 2 m
26
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

A) 400 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.9 -
N - 28
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.66 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.30
PD (t/m2) - 0.66 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.30
γ (t/m3) 1.66 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.40 x 14.0 = 17.59 π x 0.40 x 2.0 = 2.51
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.40)2 / 4 = 0.12
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.9 x 17.59 = 51 -
Total 58 20
Grand total: 78

level 2.0 m.
27
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 58 /3 + 3.01 = 22 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 400 mm = 0.40 m
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.4 x 14 x 2.9 = 20 t (Ref: IRC)
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.40 m
K = 5.22 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 5.22 x 103/4.0 = 1.30 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/1.30 x 103)1/5 = 1.89 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 1.89 = 4.16 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 4.16 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/4.163 = 26 KN
28
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
B) 500 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.9 -
N - 28
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.66 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 4.45
PD (t/m2) - 0.66 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 4.45
γ (t/m3) 1.66 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.50 x 14.0 = 22.0 π x 0.50 x 2.0 = 3.14
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.50)2 / 4 = 0.20
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.9 x 22.0 = 64 -
Total 76 44
Grand total: 120

level 2.0 m.
29
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 76 /3 + 4.71 = 30 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 500 mm = 0.50 m
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.5 x 14 x 2.9 = 25.5 t (Ref: IRC)
Ultimate skin friction to be considered =Total skin friction– NSF = 76– 25.5 = 50.5 T
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.50 m
K = 4.18 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 4.18 x 103/5.0 = 0.84 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/0.84 x 103)1/5 = 2.46 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 2.46 = 5.41 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 5.41 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/5.413 = 29 KN
30
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
C) 600 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.9 -
N - 28
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.66 x (10.5 – 2.0) = 5.61
PD (t/m2) - 0.66 x (10.5 – 2.0) = 5.61
γ (t/m3) 1.66 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.60 x 14.0 = 26.39 π x 0.60 x 2.0 = 3.77
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.60)2 / 4 = 0.28
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.9 x 26.39 = 76 -
Total 94 78
Grand total: 172

level 2.0 m.
31
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 94 /3 + 6.78 = 38 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Ultimate skin friction to be considered =Total skin friction– NSF = 94– 30.6 = 63.4 T
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.60 m
K = 3.48 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 3.48 x 103/6.0 = 0.58 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/0.58 x 103)1/5 = 3.07 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 3.07 = 6.75 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 6.75 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/6.753 = 31 KN
32
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
D) 750 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.9 -
N - 28
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.66 x (13.12 – 2.0) = 7.34
PD (t/m2) - 0.66 x (13.12 – 2.0) = 7.34
γ (t/m3) 1.66 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.75 x 14.0 = 33.0 π x 0.75 x 2.0 = 4.71
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.75)2 / 4 = 0.44
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.9 x 33 = 96 -
Total 126 161
Grand total: 287

level 2.0 m.
33
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 126 /3 + 10.6 = 53 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 600 mm = 0.75 m
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.75x 14 x 2.9 = 67 t (Ref: IRC)
Ultimate skin friction to be considered =Total skin friction– NSF = 126- 67 = 59 T
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.75 m
K = 2.78 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 2.78 x 103/7.50 = 0.37 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/0.37 x 103)1/5 = 4.02 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 4.02 = 8.84 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 8.84 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/8.843 = 34 KN
34
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
EGL (0.00)
γ = 1.50 t/ m3,
C.O.L (-1.0 m)

γ = 1.70 t/ m3, C = 2.5 t/m2 C.O.L. (-2.0 m)
(- 9.5 m )
Stratum III (Sand)
N = 50
(- 14.0 m)
NOTE:
• Pile dia =400/ 500/ 600 / 750 mm

• C.O.L. = 2 m
35
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

A) 400 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.5 -
N - 50
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.70 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.50
PD (t/m2) - 0.70 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.50
γ (t/m3) 1.70 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.40 x 7.50 = 9.42 π x 0.40 x 4.5 = 5.65
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.40)2 / 4 = 0.12
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.5 x 9.42 = 23 -
Total 40 21
Grand total: 61

level 2.0 m.
36
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 40 /3 + 2.26 = 15 t
a) Length of pile in Stratum II (L) = 7.5 m
b) Dia of pile (d) = 400 mm = 0.40 m
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.4 x 7.5 x 2.5 = 9 t (Ref: IRC)
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.40 m
K = 4.50 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 4.50 x 103/4.0 = 1.12 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/1.12 x 103)1/5 = 1.95 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 1.95 = 4.29 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 4.29 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/4.293 = 24 KN
37
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
B) 500 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.5 -
N - 50
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.70 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 4.72
PD (t/m2) - 0.70 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 4.72
γ (t/m3) 1.70 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.50 x 7.50 = 11.78 π x 0.50 x 4.5 = 7.07
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.50)2 / 4 = 0.20
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.5 x 11.78 = 29 -
Total 58 47
Grand total: 105

level 2.0 m.
38
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 58 /3 + 3.53 = 23 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 500 mm = 0.50 m
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.5 x 7.5 x 2.5 = 11.8 t (Ref: IRC)
Ultimate skin friction to be considered =Total skin friction– NSF = 58 – 11.8 = 46 T
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.50 m
K = 3.60 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 3.60 x 103/5.0 = 0.72 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/0.72 x 103)1/5 = 2.54 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 2.54 = 5.59 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 5.59 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/5.593 = 26 KN
39
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
C) 600 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.5 -
N - 50
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.70 x (9.5 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 1.0 = 6.05
PD (t/m2) - 0.70 x (9.5 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 1.0 = 6.05
γ (t/m3) 1.70 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.60 x 7.50 = 14.14 π x 0.60 x 4.5 = 8.48
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.60)2 / 4 = 0.28
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.5 x 14.14 = 35 -
Total 80 84
Grand total: 164

level 2.0 m.
40
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 80 /3 + 5.08 = 31 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 600 mm = 0.60 m
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.6 x 7.5 x 2.5 = 14 t (Ref: IRC)
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.60 m
K = 3.0 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 3.0 x 103/6.0 = 0.50 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/0.5 x 103)1/5 = 3.16 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 3.16 = 6.95 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 6.95 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/6.953 = 28 KN
41
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
D) 750 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.5 -
N - 50
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.70 x (9.5 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 2.25 = 7.05
PD (t/m2) - 0.70 x (9.5 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 3.62 = 8.14
γ (t/m3) 1.70 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.75 x 7.50 = 17.67 π x 0.75 x 4.5 = 10.6
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.75)2 / 4 = 0.44
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.5 x 17.67 = 44 -
Total 109 178
Grand total: 287

level 2.0 m.
42
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 109 /3 + 7.95 = 44 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 750 mm = 0.75 m
∴ N.S.F. = 0.4 x π x d x L x C = 0.4 x π x 0.75 x 7.5 x 2.5 = 17.7 t (Ref: IRC)
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.75 m
K = 2.4 x103
Assuming z = 10 x dia of pile = 10 x 0.75= 7.5 m
∴ ηh = K/z = 2.4 x 103/7.5 = 0.32 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/0.32 x 103)1/5 = 4.14 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 4.14 = 9.11 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 9.11 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/9.113 = 31 KN
43
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
EGL (0.00)
γ = 1.50 t/ m3,
(-1.0 m)

γ = 1.68 t/ m3, C = 2.0 t/m2 C.O.L (-2.0 m)
(- 13.0 m)
Stratum III (Sand)
N = 25 (- 15.0 m)
NOTE:
• Pile dia =400/ 500/ 600 / 750 mm

• C.O.L. = 2 m
44
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

A) 400 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.0 -
N - 25
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.68 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.40
PD (t/m2) - 0.68 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.40
γ (t/m3) 1.68 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.40 x 11.0 = 13.82 π x 0.40 x 2.0 = 2.51
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.40)2 / 4 = 0.12
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.0 x 13.82 = 27 -
Total 34 20
Grand total: 54

level 2.0 m.
45
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 34 /3 + 2.45 = 14 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 400 mm = 0.40 m
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.40 m
K = 3.60 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 3.60 x 103/4.0 = 0.90 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/0.90 x 103)1/5 = 2.04 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 2.04 = 4.49 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 4.49 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/4.493 = 21 KN
46
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
B) 500 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.0 -
N - 25
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.68 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 4.59
PD (t/m2) - 0.68 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 4.59
γ (t/m3) 1.68 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.50 x 11.0 = 17.28 π x 0.50 x 2.0 = 3.14
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.50)2 / 4 = 0.20
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.0 x 17.28 = 34 -
Total 46 46
Grand total: 92

level 2.0 m.
47
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 46 /3 + 3.82 = 19 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 500 mm = 0.50 m
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.50 m
K = 2.88 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 2.88 x 103/5.0 = 0.57 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/0.57 x 103)1/5 = 2.66 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 2.66 = 5.85 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 5.85 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/5.853 = 23 KN
48
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
C) 600 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.0 -
N - 25
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.68 x (10.5 – 2.0) = 5.78
PD (t/m2) - 0.68 x (10.5 – 2.0) = 5.78
γ (t/m3) 1.68 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.60 x 11.0 = 20.73 π x 0.60 x 2.0 = 3.77
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.60)2 / 4 = 0.28
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.0 x 20.73 = 41 -
Total 60 81
Grand total: 141

level 2.0 m.
49
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 60 /3 + 5.51 = 25 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 600 mm = 0.60 m
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.60 m
K = 2.40 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 2.40 x 103/6.0 = 0.40 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/0.40 x 103)1/5 = 3.31 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 3.31 = 7.28 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 7.28 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/7.283 = 25 KN
50
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
D) 750 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 2.0 -
N - 25
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1.25 (For Ф = 35)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.68 x (13.0 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 0.12 = 7.57
PD (t/m2) - 0.68 x (13.0 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 0.12 = 7.57
γ (t/m3) 1.68 1.80
Nγ - 48.03 (For Ф = 35)
Nq - 48 (For Ф = 35)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.75 x 11.0 = 25.92 π x 0.75 x 2.0 = 4.71
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.75)2 / 4 = 0.44
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 2.0 x 25.92 = 52 -
Total 83 166
Grand total: 249

level 2.0 m.
51
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 83 /3 + 8.6151 = 36 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 750 mm = 0.75 m
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.75 m
K = 1.92 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 4.92 x 103/7.5 = 0.26 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/0.26 x 103)1/5 = 4.31 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 4.31 = 9.48 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 9.48 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/9.483 = 27 KN
52
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
EGL (0.00)
γ = 1.50 t/ m3,
(-1.0 m)

γ = 1.66 t/ m3, C = 3.4 t/m2 C.O.L (-2.0 m)
(- 11.0 m)
Stratum III (Sand)
N = 17 (- 13.0 m)
NOTE:
• Pile dia =400/ 500/ 600 / 750 mm

• C.O.L. = 2 m
53
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

A) 400 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 3.4 -
N - 17
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1 (For Ф = 30)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.66 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.30
PD (t/m2) - 0.66 x (7.0 – 2.0) = 3.30
γ (t/m3) 1.66 1.80
Nγ - 22.4 (For Ф = 30)
Nq - 20 (For Ф = 30)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.40 x 9.0 = 11.31 π x 0.40 x 2.0 = 2.51
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.40)2 / 4 = 0.12
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 3.4 x 11.31 = 38 -
Total 42 8
Grand total: 50

level 2.0 m.
54
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 42 /3 + 2.07 = 16 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 400 mm = 0.40 m
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.40 m
K = 6.12 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 6.12 x 103/4.0 = 1.53 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/1.53 x 103)1/5 = 1.83 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 1.83 = 4.03 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 4.03 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 1.26 x 10-3/4.033 = 29 KN
55
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
B) 500 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 3.4 -
N - 17
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1 (For Ф = 30)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.66 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 4.45
PD (t/m2) - 0.66 x (8.75 – 2.0) = 4.45
γ (t/m3) 1.66 1.80
Nγ - 22.4 (For Ф = 30)
Nq - 20 (For Ф = 30)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.50 x 9.0 = 14.14 π x 0.50 x 2.0 = 3.14
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.50)2 / 4 = 0.20
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 3.4 x 14.14 = 48 -
Total 56 18
Grand total: 74

level 2.0 m.
56
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 56 /3 + 3.24 = 22 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 500 mm = 0.50 m
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.50 m
K = 4.90 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 4.90 x 103/5.0 = 0.98 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/0.98 x 103)1/5 = 2.39 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 2.39 = 5.26 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 5.26 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 3.06 x 10-3/5.263 = 31 KN
57
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
C) 600 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 3.4 -
N - 17
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1 (For Ф = 30)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.66 x (10.5 – 2.0) = 5.61
PD (t/m2) - 0.66 x (10.5 – 2.0) = 5.61
γ (t/m3) 1.66 1.80
Nγ - 22.4 (For Ф = 30)
Nq - 20 (For Ф = 30)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.60 x 9.0 = 16.96 π x 0.60 x 2.0 = 3.77
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.60)2 / 4 = 0.28
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 3.4 x 16.96 = 57 -
Total 69 33
Grand total: 102

level 2.0 m.
58
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 69 /3 + 4.66 = 27 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 600 mm = 0.60 m
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.60 m
K = 4.08 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 4.08 x 103/6.0 = 0.68 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/0.68 x 103)1/5 = 2.98 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 2.98 = 6.56 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 6.56 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 6.36 x 10-3/6.563 = 34 KN
59
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
D) 750 mm dia
Ċ / Cp (t/m2) 3.4 -
N - 17
Ne - -
α 1.0 -
K - 1 (For Ф = 30)
PDi (t/m2) - 0.66 x (11.0 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 1.0= 6.74
PD (t/m2) - 0.66 x (11.0 – 2.0) + 0.80 x 2.0= 7.54
γ (t/m3) 1.66 1.80
Nγ - 22.4 (For Ф = 30)
Nq - 20 (For Ф = 30)
Asi / As (m2) π x 0.75 x 9.0 = 21.20 π x 0.75 x 2.0 = 4.71
Ap / Ab (m2) - π x (0.75)2 / 4 = 0.44
Ksp - -
qc (t/m2) - -
df - -
qs (t/m2) - -

Stratum II 1.0 x 3.4 x 21.2 = 72 -
Total 90 69
Grand total: 159

level 2.0 m.
60
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT

Skin friction = 90 /3 + 7.28 = 37 t
b) Dia of pile (d) = 750 mm = 0.75 m
K = (k1 x 0.3)/(1.5 x B )
B = 0.75 m
K = 3.26 x103
∴ ηh = K/z = 3.26 x 103/7.5 = 0.43 x 103
∴ T =(25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/0.43 x 103)1/5 = 3.90 m
From Fig 4 (I.S. 2911 (Pt1/Sec2) -2010)
∴ Lf = 2.20 x 3.90 = 8.58 m
We have,
y= H (e + zf)3 x 103/12EI
zf = Lf = 8.58 m, e = 0
H = 5 x 10-3 x 12 x 25 x 106 x 15.53 x 10-3/8.583 = 37 KN
61
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
14.0 ENGINEERING APPRAISAL
ENGINEERING APPRAISAL
DISCUSSION
From the study of the borelogs and results of both field as well as laboratory
tests the followings are observed:
Stratum I: Stratum I consists of FILL comprising rubbish, broken concrete,
flyash and other heterogeneous materials. The average thickness of the
stratum is 1 m.
Stratum II: Stratum II consists of soft to firm grayish brown to bluish grey
Clayey SILT with occasional presence of decomposed wood. The thickness
of the stratum is 11.0 m and the average N value is 5.
Stratum III: Stratum III consists of dense grey to bluish grey fine grained SAND
with tiny mica particles. The average N value of the stratum is 35. The stratum
extends up to the explored depth.
CHOICE OF FOUNDATION
Any foundation system for a proposed structure should satisfy certain
stability conditions. These are
a) There should be adequate factor of safety against the possible shear
failure of the soil underneath the foundation
and
b) The settlement of the foundation should be within permissible limit.
SHALLOW FOUNDATION:
Considering the nature of subsoil, shallow foundation in the form of square
footing may be considered for the proposed structure at this site. The
recommended SBC at calculated settlement for different size of
foundation at 1.50 m founding depth without and with 1.0 m thick
engineered fill has been presented in Table IV.
62
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
TABLE-IV
Depth of Type of Ground improvement Size of Recommended Calculated Recommended

foundation foundation footing SBC settlement SBC for 40 mm
(m) (m) (KPa) (mm) settlement
BGL (KPa)
Without any ground
2.0 x 2.0 30 52.0 20
improvement
1.5 Square 1.0 m thick well 2.0 x 2.0 80 72.4 40
graded hydraulically
compacted sand 2.5 x 2.5 60 72.4 30
PILE FOUNDATION
Considering the sub-soil profile at the site, pile foundation in the form of
400/500/600/750 mm dia bored cast-in-situ RCC piles may be considered
for the construction of the proposed structure. The safe vertical pile load
capacity has been presented in Table-V along with the lateral and uplift
capacity.
TABLE – V
Location Dia of C.O.L. Shaft Safe vertical load Safe vertical load Uplift capacity Lateral Load
pile (m) length bearing capacity bearing capacity (KN) capacity
(m) without considering NSF (KN)
considering NSF (KN)
(KN)
400 220 180 130 21
500 340 290 150 23
BH 1 12.0
600 570 510 230 25
750 1050 970 350 27
400 310 230 220 26
500 480 380 300 29
BH 2 16.0
600 690 560 380 31
750 1140 1040 530 34
400 240 210 150 24
500 420 370 230 26
BH 3 2.0 12.0
600 650 590 310 28
750 1140 1070 440 31
400 210 170 140 21
500 370 310 190 23
BH 4 13.0
600 560 490 250 25
750 1000 910 360 27
400 200 140 160 29
500 300 220 220 31
BH 5 11.0
600 400 310 270 34
750 630 520 370 37
63
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
15.0 RECOMMENDATION
SHALLOW FOUNDATION
• Considering the sub-soil condition and the proposed light-weight

structures to be constructed at this site, shallow foundation in the form of
square footing rested on 1 m thick hydraulically compacted well graded
coarse sand may be adopted. The recommended SBC and the settlement
for different size of footing have been presented under Table –IV.
• The engineered fill shall be well graded coarse sand compacted
hydraulically in layers under competent supervision. The foundation trench
shall be excavated up to the desired level below the existing ground level.
The trench shall be filled with the well graded coarse sand in layers and
hydraulically compacted to a depth 1.5 m below the existing ground level.
• Any soft/loose pocket at founding level should be excavated and
replaced with compact sand/good earth fill.
• Foundation trench/pit should not be kept exposed for long time after
excavation and should be covered with mud-mat as soon as possible.
• The chemical test result does not warrant use of any anti-corrosive
treatment for the reinforcement used in subsoil structure.
PILE FOUNDATION:
• Pile foundation is also recommended at this site for the proposed
structures. The safe axial load bearing capacity of 400/500/600/750 mm
diameter bored cast-in-situ R.C.C piles has been calculated and
presented in Table-V. However, the actual load bearing capacity may be
determined by conducting Initial Pile Load Test.
64
Job No. 8492
GEOTREAT
• The execution of piles shall be done with utmost care and with
quality supervision. IS: 2911(Part I/Sec2)-2010 read with latest revision
shall generally be followed for the design and execution of the piling
work.
• Concrete of proper grade and slump shall be used in construction of
the pile shafts. Cover from main reinforcement to the surface of the
pile-shaft shall be maintained properly in order to save the re-bars from
rusting.
• Load test (Routine) may be conducted as per I.S. 2911 (Part 4)-2013
read with latest revision on piles in the project after their installation and
maturity.
• No special treatment of reinforcement steel or concrete in
foundation shall be necessary since the sub-soil show favourable results
in chemical tests.
For GEOTREAT
(T. Chaudhuri)
B.E. (Civil)
65
Job No. 8492

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GEOTREAT

1.0 INTRODUCTION & INVESTIGATION SCHEME

2.0 LOCATION & DESCRIPTION

6.0 FIELD TEST

7.0 LABORATORY TESTS

4. Specific Gravity [IS: 2720(PART-3/SEC-2)-1980]

7. Triaxial Shear Test [IS: 2720(PART-10)-1973]

8.0 GROUND CONDITION

Stratum I: Stratum I consists of FILL comprising rubbish, broken concrete,

9.0 GROUND WATER

10.0 GENERALISED SOIL PROFILE WITH DESIGN SOIL PARAMETERS

Stratum & Depth Description of N N M C L.L P.L B.D Shear Consolidation

11.0 TYPICAL CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY & SETTLEMENT:

Stratum II (Clayey silt) 2.0 m

Stratum III (Sand) (-12.0 m)

• For all calculation purposes G.W.T is considered at G.L.

1) Depth of foundation (Df) = 1.5 m

SAFE BEARING CAPACITY: (IS: 6403-1981)

B) SB = Cc/ (1+eo) x H log10 (Po + Δ P)/Po

12.0 TYPICAL CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY & SETTLEMENT:

Stratum III (Sand) (-12.0 m)

• For all calculation purposes G.W.T is considered at G.L.

B) SB = Cc/ (1+eo) x H log10 (Po + Δ P)/Po

Hence we recommend an SBC of 80 KPa for 2.0 m x 2.0 m square foundation

B) SB = Cc/ (1+eo) x H log10 (Po + Δ P)/Po

Hence we recommend an SBC of 60 KPa for 2.5 m x 2.5 m square foundation

13.0 TYPICAL CALAULATION FOR PILE LOAD CAPACITY

BOREHOLE LOCATION BH1

Stratum II (Clayey silt)

• Pile dia =400/ 500/ 600 / 750 mm

DETAILED CALCULATION SHEET FOR PILE [IS:2911(Part I/Sec 2) -2010]

Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 55 t

UPLIFT CAPACITY OF PILE:

Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 85 t

UPLIFT CAPACITY OF PILE:

Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 144 t

UPLIFT CAPACITY OF PILE:

Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 262 t

UPLIFT CAPACITY OF PILE:

BOREHOLE LOCATION BH2

Stratum II (Clayey silt)

• Pile dia =400/ 500/ 600 / 750 mm

DETAILED CALCULATION SHEET FOR PILE [IS:2911(Part I/Sec 2) -2010]

Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 78 t

UPLIFT CAPACITY OF PILE:

Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 120 t

UPLIFT CAPACITY OF PILE:

Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 172 t

UPLIFT CAPACITY OF PILE:

Stratum Skin Friction (t) End bearing (t)

Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile = 287 t