8
Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Finds the Probability of
a Simple Event
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Finds the Probability of a Simple Event
First Edition, 2020
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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Finds the Probability of
a Simple Event
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.
For the learner:
As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!
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Let Us Learn
You have learned in the previous lesson about the concept of chance and
probability experiments and sample space. Now in this module you will learn how to
find the probability of a simple event. Let’s enjoy and have fun in learning new lesson
in this module.
Learning competency:
Find the probability of a simple event. (M8GE-IVh-1)
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
§ Find probability of a simple event.
§ Solve the probability of a simple event and relate in real-life situations.
Let Us Try
Observe the probability line presented. Your task is to make a judgment of the given
pictures whether it is impossible, unlikely, even chance, likely and certain.
Consider which of these events is likely to happen.
1. Fish cannot breath in water. 2. Fruit Salad tastes sweet.
1
4. Flower needs water and sunlight.
3. The dog can fly.
5. The sun will rise tomorrow morning.
Let Us Study
In a sample space of equally likely outcomes, the probability of an event, denoted
as 𝑷(𝑬)is computed on the basis of favorable outcomes and the number of possible
outcomes. In general, any subset of a sample space is called an event.
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝐸)
𝑃(𝐸) = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝑆)
Note: All answer must be in its lowest term.
Examples:
1. A fair die is rolled.
a. Write down the sample space.
b. Find the total number of possible outcomes.
c. What is the probability of getting
i. a prime number?
ii. an even number?
iii. a number between 4 and 6?
2
Solutions:
a. 𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
b. n(S) = 6
c.
i. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
Prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product
of two smaller natural numbers.
S= {2,3,5}
3 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 3 1
P(E)= = = = 0.50 = 50%
6 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 6 2
ii. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
Even number is a number which is divisible by 2 and generates a
remainder of 0.
S= {2,4,6}
3 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 3 1
P(E)= = = = 0.50 = 50%
6 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 6 2
iii. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6
S= {5}
1 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 1
P(E)= = = 0.17 = 17%
6 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 6
2. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards.
What is the probability of getting a heart cards?
S= {𝐴𝑐𝑒, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, 𝐽𝑎𝑐𝑘, 𝑄𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛, 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑔}
13 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 1
P(E)= = = 0.25 = 25%
52 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 4
3
3. When a coin is flipped, what is the probability of getting
a tail?
S= {𝑇}
1 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 1
P(E)= = = 0.50 = 50%
2 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 2
4. Each of the letters HONESTY is written on a card. A card is chosen at random
from the bag. What is the probability of getting the consonant letters?
S= {𝐻, 𝑁, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑌}
5 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 5
P(E)= = = 0.71 = 71%
7 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 7
5. Ten identical cards are labeled 1 to 10. What is the probability getting a number
less than 9 but greater than 3.
S= {4,5,6,7,8}
5 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 5 1
P(E)= = = = 0.5 = 50%
10 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 10 2
Let Us Practice
Activity 1: Calendaryo Ko!
Solve the problem below.
What is the probability that a month of
calendar drawn at random:
a. less than 5 letters?
b. ends in “r”?
c. starts with a vowel letters?
d. has the letter “o” in it?
e. end with a consonant letter?
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Let Us Practice More
Activity 2: Ikot-ikot Lang!
Read the problem below.
A circle is divided into 8 equal parts to form a spinner. It is numbered as shown on
the right.
When the pointer is spun, what is the probability
that it will stop at:
a. an even number?
b. a prime number?
c. a number between 5 and 8?
d. a number less than 13?
e. a square number?
Let Us Remember
Probability is a value between 0 and 1 inclusive. When an event is impossible to
happen, its probability is 0. When an event is certain to happen, its probability is 1.
The closer a probability is to 1, the more likely is to happen.
In a sample space of equally likely outcomes, the probability of an event, denoted
as 𝑷(𝑬)is computed on the basis of favorable outcomes and the number of possible
outcomes.
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝐸)
𝑃(𝐸) = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝑆)
Note: All answer must be in its lowest term.
5
Let Us Assess
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. What is the probability of
getting a red face cards?
! " ! #
A. B. C. D.
!" #$ # !"
2. A fair die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a number between 1 and 6?
! " ! #
𝐴. $ B. % C. # D. "
3. Each of the letters PHILIPPINES is written on a card. A card is chosen at random
from the bag. What is the probability of getting the vowel letters?
% " & !'
A. B. C. D.
!! !! !! !!
4. A class has 20 boys and 25 girls. If a student is picked at random, what is the
probability that the student is a boy?
% ! " !
A. (
B. (
C. %
D. 1 )
5. When 2 coins are flipped, what is the probability of getting two heads?
" ! ! "
A. B. C. D.
% # % %
For items 6-10: Refer to the picture.
A jar has 3squares, 4 triangles, 5 circle, 5 diamond and
3 rectangle shapes. What is the probability of picking:
6. a square?
" ! !
A. B. 3 C. D.
#' " %
7. a circle?
! " ! !
A." B. #'
C. %
D. )
8. a triangle?
! ! ! !
A.#' B. )
C. #
D. %
9. a diamond?
! ! ! !
A.# B. )
C. #
D. %
6
10. not a diamond?
! ! ! "
A. B. C. D.
% ) # %
For items 11-15. Refer to the picture.
Eight identical cards are labeled 1 to 6. What is the
probability that a card drawn at random at:
11. an odd number?
! ! ! !
A. B. C. D.
" ) # $
12. a square number?
! ! ! !
A.) B. #
C. $
D. %
13. less than 6 but greater than 3?
! ! ! !
A." B. #
C. )
D. %
14. number between 1 and 3?
! ! ! !
A. B. C. D.
" # ) $
15. prime number?
! ! ! !
A. B. C. D.
) % $ #
Let Us Enhance
Activity 3: Rock, Paper, Scissors
Instruction:
Assign 2 players (in your siblings or any member)
who will do the Rock, Paper Scissors Game. Answer the follow up
questions written below and discover a bit more about the
math behind this childhood game activity in probability.
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Questions Player 1 Player 2
1. How many times was the
rock thrown by the player?
_________________ _________________
What is the probability?
_______/_______ _______/_______
2. How many times was the
paper thrown by the player?
_________________ _________________
What is the probability?
_______/_______ _______/_______
3. How many times was the
scissors thrown by the
player? _________________ _________________
What is the probability?
_______/_______ _______/_______
What do these results tell you?
Rubric for Scoring
Criteria Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning Rating
(10pts) (8 pts.) (6 pts.) (3 pts.)
The The The explanation The
explanation explanation is explanation
is clear, is clear and understandable is incomplete
thorough and coherent. It but not logical. and
Mathematical coherent. It covers the inconsistent.
Reasoning includes important
interesting concepts.
facts and
principles
about
probability.
Accuracy The output is The output is Most part of the Some details
correct and correct output are are correct.
shown in correct
detail
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Data The data is The data The data shows The data
Gathered 100% shows 90% 75% accuracy. shows 50%
accurate. accuracy. accuracy.
Let Us Reflect
Questions:
1. What statement can you make about yourself after 5 years that are certain?
2. What statement can you make about yourself after 5 years that are
impossible?
I hope you have learned a lot about this lesson. Always be in mind that there
are lot of things that are uncertain but God prepared great things for us. Just
remember this verse: “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those
who love Him, who have been called according to his purpose. (Romans 8:28)
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10
Let Us Assess Let Us Try
1. B 1. Impossible
2. D 2. Certain
3. A 3. Impossible
4. A 4. Certain
5. C 5. Certain
6. A
7. C
Let Us Practice
8. B
9. D !
a. %
10. D
11. C !
b. "
12. C
13. A !
14. D c. %
15. D
!
d.
$
!!
e. !#
Let Us Enhance
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦 Let Us Practice More
!
a. #
!
b. #
Let Us Reflect
!
c. %
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦
d. 1
!
e. *
Answer Key
References
Gladys C. Nivera, Ph.D, Grade 8 Mathematics Pattern and Practicalities, Edition:
Antonio Arnaiz cor.ChinoRoces Avenues, Makati City, Salesiana Books by Don
Bosco Press,2014, 427-431
https://www.onlinemathelearning.com/probability-of-an-event.html
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