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04more On EMwaves 2017fall

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Angel DamiÁn Mellado VÁsquez
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7 views13 pages

04more On EMwaves 2017fall

Uploaded by

Angel DamiÁn Mellado VÁsquez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The plane wave

Rees
x

Wikipedia
Electromagnetic waves
The Wave in time The Wave in space

E E
τ λ
t

PERIOD τ WAVELENGTH λ
1
FREQUENCY: INVERSE OF
PERIOD
f = λ = v τ → cτ
τ
Complex numbers

Imag Imag

c = I cosθ + jI sin θ
c = a + jb

b I
θ
a Real Real

b
2
I = a +b 2 θ = arctan
a
Imag e jθ = cos θ + j sin θ Imag

c = Ie jθ e − jθ
= cosθ − j sin θ c = e jwt
I
θ 1 ωt
cosθ = (e jθ + e − jθ )
2
Real Real

1 jθ
sin θ =
2j
(e − e − jθ )
The phase

v=c

ω = 2πf
c
f =
λ

R
ϕ = 2π
λ
Electromagnetic Waves
The concept of “Phase”

Wavelength, 1~10cm

Millimetric distances can be


measured through the phase!!
Electromagnetic Waves
The ambiguity of the phase

The phase can be used only to detect distances smaller than the wavelength!!!
The plane wave

Rees
Wave fronts

In spherical coordinates

1
E (r, t ) = E0e j (k⋅r − wt +ϕ )
r

Far from the source, it can be


approximated by a planar wave

Wikipedia + Web
Huygens-Fresnel principle

Wikipedia
Diffraction/interference

Wikipedia
HOMEWORK

Display the spatio-temporal variability of the Electric field of an electromagnetic wave


through a simple Matlab simulation

- How: make 2D plot (images) of the Electric field E (complex exponential representation) at a
given time (show just the xy plane, forget the 3rd dimension). Space to visualize 40 by 40cm
(you can take 100 by 100 samples).
- What to plot: Intensity, phase, Real part of E
- Which waves to plot (general parameters: C band frequency=5.3GHz, vacuum v=c~3*10^8 ):
a. A spherical wave generated by 1 single point-wise source (contained in the imaged area)
b. The superposition of 2 spherical waves generated by 2 single point-wise sources
(comment shortly on the different results obtained for different distances between
the 2 sources)
c. The superposition of a series of about 10 spherical waves generated along a line 10cm
long
d. A planar wave, propagating along a general direction Theta in the xy plane at 5
different sampling times. Comment shortly on the choice of the sampling time and on
the phase plot.

Matlab functions to use:


- Math: exp, abs, angle, real, sqrt, cos, sin
- Plotting: figure, imagesc, xlabel, ylabel, title, colorbar, set(gca,’xtick’,[…],’ytick’,[…] ,’xticklabel’,[…],’yticklabel’,[…])
- Vectors and matrix generation: linspace, meshgrid

Always name figures, axes, colorbars…

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