PYTHON
CHEAT SHEET
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Variables and data types
# Variable declaration
variable_name = value
# Basic data types
integer = 5
float_number = 5.5
string = "Hello world!"
boolean = True
none = None
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Operators
# Arithmetic operators
addition = 5 + 2
subtraction = 5 - 2
multiplication = 5 * 2
division = 5 / 2
floor_division = 5 // 2
exponentiation = 5 ** 2
modulus = 5 % 2
# Logical operators
and_operator = True and False
or_operator = True or False
not_operator = not True
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Operators
# Comparison operators
greater_than = 5 > 2
less_than = 5 < 2
equal_to = 5 == 2
not_equal_to = 5 != 2
greater_than_or_equal_to = 5 >= 2
less_than_or_equal_to = 5 <= 2
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Conditional statements
# if statement
if condition:
# code block
# if-else statement
if condition:
# code block
else:
# code block
# if-elif-else statement
if condition:
# code block
elif condition:
# code block
else:
# code block
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Loops
# for loop
for variable in sequence:
# code block
# while loop
while condition:
# code block
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Functions
# Function declaration
def function_name(parameter1, parameter2):
# code block
return result
# Function call
function_name(argument1, argument2)
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Lists
# List declaration
list_name = [item1, item2, item3]
# Accessing list items
first_item = list_name[0]
last_item = list_name[-1]
# Modifying list items
list_name[0] = new_item
# Adding items to a list
list_name.append(new_item)
list_name.insert(index, new_item)
# Removing items from a list
list_name.remove(item)
list_name.pop(index)
# List slicing
sliced_list =
list_name[start_index:end_index:step]
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Dictionaries
# Dictionary declaration
dictionary_name = {"k1": v1, "k2": v2}
# Accessing dictionary values
value1 = dictionary_name["k1"]
# Modifying dictionary values
dictionary_name["k1"] = new_value
# Adding items to a dictionary
dictionary_name["new_key"] = new_value
# Removing items from a dictionary
del dictionary_name["key"]
# Getting keys and values from a
dictionary
keys = dictionary_name.keys()
values = dictionary_name.values()
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Strings
# String declaration
string_name = "Hello world!"
# String concatenation
concatenated_string = "Hello" + "world!"
# String interpolation
name = "John"
greeting = f"Hello, {name}!"
# String methods
string_length = len(string_name)
uppercase_string = string_name.upper()
lowercase_string = string_name.lower()
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Tuples
# Tuple declaration
tuple_name = (item1, item2, item3)
# Accessing tuple items
first_item = tuple_name[0]
last_item = tuple_name[-1]
# Tuple slicing
sliced_tuple =
tuple_name[start_index:end_index:step]
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Sets
# Set declaration
set_name = {item1, item2, item3}
# Adding items to a set
set_name.add(new_item)
# Removing items from a set
set_name.remove(item)
# Set operations
union_set = [Link](set2)
intersection_set = [Link](set2)
difference_set = [Link](set2)
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List Comprehensions
# Creating a new list from an existing
list
new_list = [expression for item in
existing_list]
# Conditionally creating a new list from
an existing list
new_list = [expression for item in
existing_list if condition]
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Error Handling
# try-except block
try:
# code block
except ErrorType:
# code block
# try-except-else block
try:
# code block
except ErrorType:
# code block
else:
# code block
# try-except-finally block
try:
# code block
except ErrorType:
# code block
finally:
# code block
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Modules and Packages
# Importing a module
import module_name
# Importing a specific function from a
module
from module_name import function_name
# Importing all functions from a module
from module_name import *
# Importing a package
import package_name
# Importing a specific module from a
package
from package_name import module_name
# Importing a specific function from a
module in a package
from package_name.module_name import
function_name
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Classes and Objects
# Class declaration
class ClassName:
def __init__(self, parameter1,
parameter2):
self.parameter1 = parameter1
self.parameter2 = parameter2
def method_name(self):
# code block
# Object creation
object_name = ClassName(argument1,
argument2)
# Accessing object properties
property_value = object_name.property_name
# Calling object methods
object_name.method_name()
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Inheritance
# Parent class
class ParentClass:
def parent_method(self):
# code block
# Child class
class ChildClass(ParentClass):
def child_method(self):
# code block
# Object creation
object_name = ChildClass()
# Accessing inherited methods
object_name.parent_method()
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Polymorphism
# Parent class
class ParentClass:
def polymorphic_method(self):
# code block
# Child class 1
class ChildClass1(ParentClass):
def polymorphic_method(self):
# code block
# Child class 2
class ChildClass2(ParentClass):
def polymorphic_method(self):
# code block
# Object creation
object1 = ChildClass1()
object2 = ChildClass2()
# Polymorphic method calls
object1.polymorphic_method()
object2.polymorphic_method()
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Lambda Functions
# Lambda function declaration
lambda_function = lambda p1,p2: expression
# Lambda function call
result = lambda_function(a1, a2)
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Map, Filter, and Reduce
# Map function
new_list = map(function, iterable)
# Filter function
new_list = filter(function, iterable)
# Reduce function
from functools import reduce
result = reduce(function, iterable)
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Decorators
# Decorator function
def decorator_function(original_function):
def wrapper_function(*args, **kwargs):
# code before original function
result = original_function(*args, **kwargs)
# code after original function
return result
return wrapper_function
# Applying a decorator to a function
@decorator_function
def original_function(*args, **kwargs):
# code block
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Generators
# Generator function
def generator_function():
for i in range(10):
yield i
# Using a generator
for value in generator_function():
# code block
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File Handling
# Opening a file
file = open("filename", "mode")
# Reading from a file
file_contents = [Link]()
# Writing to a file
[Link]("text")
# Closing a file
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Virtual Environments
# Creating a virtual environment
python -m venv virtual_environment_name
# Activating a virtual environment
source virtual_environment_name/bin/activate
# Installing packages in a virtual environment
pip install package_name
# Deactivating a virtual environment
deactivate
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Context Managers
# Context manager class
class ContextManagerClass:
def __enter__(self):
# code block
return value
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value,
traceback):
# code block
# Using a context manager with 'with' statement
with ContextManagerClass() as value:
# code block
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Threading and Multiprocessing
import threading
import multiprocessing
# Threading
thread = [Link](target=function_name,
args=(argument1, argument2))
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# Multiprocessing
process =
[Link](target=function_name,
args=(argument1, argument2))
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