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    Acids and Bases Properties Handout

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    bilal8910ali
    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids and bases, compares their properties, and classifies them as strong or weak. It also defines salts as compounds formed from acids and bases, and discusses soluble and insoluble salts. Indicators and the pH scale are also explained.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Acids and Bases Properties Handout

    Uploaded by

    bilal8910ali
    5 views3 pages
    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids and bases, compares their properties, and classifies them as strong or weak. It also defines salts as compounds formed from acids and bases, and discusses soluble and insoluble salts. Indicators and the pH scale are also explained.

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    Acids and Bases properties handout

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    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids and bases, compares their properties, and classifies them as strong or weak. It also defines salts as compounds formed from acids and bases, and discusses soluble and insoluble salts. Indicators and the pH scale are also explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5 views3 pages

    Acids and Bases Properties Handout

    Uploaded by

    bilal8910ali
    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids and bases, compares their properties, and classifies them as strong or weak. It also defines salts as compounds formed from acids and bases, and discusses soluble and insoluble salts. Indicators and the pH scale are also explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    The City School

    Name: _______________ Class: 9 ______ Subject: Chemistry (5070)


    Topic: Acids and Bases and Salts Date: ______________

    o Group of Chemicals are divided into 1) Acids and 2) Bases


    Acids: An acid is a substance which gives hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
    Bases: A Base is a substance which gives hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water.
    ▪ Acids and Bases are two different groups of Chemicals.

    Acids Bases

    Taste sour Taste bitter/soapy

    Don't feel slippery Feel Slippery

    pH ≤ 7 pH ≥ 7

    Release hydrogen (H+) ions in aqueous solution Release hydroxide (OH-) ions in aqueous solution

    Corrode metals Do not Corrode metals

    React with metals to produce a compound and H2 gas Do not react with metals to produce a compound and H2 gas

    Turn litmus red Turn litmus blue

    HCl H+ + Cl- NaOH Na+ + OH-

    Acids have two groups:

    Strong Acids Weak Acids

    Lower pH Value Higher pH value

    High degree of Ionization Low degree of Ionization

    Has high concentration of H+ Ions Has lower concentration of H+ Ions

    Strong acids are called concentrated acids Weak acids are called diluted acid.

    Examples are: Examples are:

    Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (aq) Ethanoic acid (CH3CO2H)

    Nitric Acid (HNO3) (aq) Carbonic acid

    Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (aq) Citric acid

    Methanoic acid

    Alkalis have two groups:

    Strong Alkaline/Bases Weak Alkaline/Bases


    Higher pH value Lower pH value

    High degree of Ionisation Low degree of Ionisation

    Has high concentration of OH- Ions Has lower concentration of OH- Ions

    For example: For example:

    Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (aq) Ammonia Solution (NH3) (aq)

    Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) (aq) Methylamine

    Barium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2(aq)

    Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2(aq)

    Classifying Acids, Bases and Salts


    Acids:
    ● Donates a proton (H+)

    ● Releases H+ in water
    Bases:
    ● Accepts a proton (H+)

    ● Releases (OH-) in water

    Salts: A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a base/metal.
    HCl + NaOH Salt + Water

    Acids react with bases to form salts in an aqueous medium while Bases react with acids to form salts in an aqueous
    medium.
    Such as:
    NaOH + HNO3 NaNO3 + H2O
    Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2

    ● Salts dissolve and undissolve in water; but always bond ionically

    ● Not classified as an acid or base

    Kinds of Salts
    a) Undissolve in water at room temperature (Insoluble salts)
    b) Dissolve in water at room temperature (Soluble salts)

    Soluble Insoluble

    All sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts

    All nitrates

    All chlorides … (F, Cl, Br, I, At) excep Silver and lead(II) chlorides
    t
    All sulfates … excep Calcium. Barium and lead(II) sulfate
    t

    Sodium, potassium, and ammonium carbonates ….

    Indicators: Litmus is called an indicator because it indicates whether something is an acid or an alkali.

    Indicator Color in acid Color in


    alkali

    Litmus red blue

    Phenolphthalei colorless pink


    n

    Methyl orange red yellow

    Neutral substances: Many substances are not acids or alkalis called neutral. E.g. pure water

    The pH Scale:

    The Universal Indicator paper: It can be used as a solution or as a paper strip. It color changes with pH and tell
    substance is either acidic, alkaline or neutral.

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