2/20/22, 11:25 AM Python_complete_list (1) - Jupyter Notebook
List :
List is a collection of different values or different types of items.
Properties of list:
1.Mutable
2.Ordered
3.Heterogenous
4.Duplicates
Type Markdown and LaTeX: 𝛼2
Create List
The list can be created using either the list constructor or using square brackets [ ].
In [1]:
# Using square brackets[]
my_list1 = [1, 2, 3]
print(my_list1)
[1, 2, 3]
In [2]:
#What is the data type?
type(my_list1)
Out[2]:
list
In [3]:
# Using list constructor
my_list2 = list((1, 2, 3))
print(my_list2)
[1, 2, 3]
In [4]:
type(my_list2)
Out[4]:
list
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In [5]:
#List allows duplicate values
my_list3 = [1, 2, 3, 2, 1]
print(my_list3)
[1, 2, 3, 2, 1]
In [6]:
#In order to find the number of items present in a list OR size of list.
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(len(my_list))
In [7]:
#List items can be of any data type:
list1 = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] #String type
list2 = [1, 5, 7, 9, 3] #integer type
list3 = [True, False, False] #boolean type
In [8]:
print(list1)
print(list2)
print(list3)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
[1, 5, 7, 9, 3]
[True, False, False]
In [9]:
#(heterogenous) list can contain different data types:
list1 = ["abc", 34, True, 40, "male"]
print(list1)
['abc', 34, True, 40, 'male']
In [10]:
type(list1)
Out[10]:
list
Accessing items of a List
The items in a list can be accessed through indexing and slicing.
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In [11]:
list1 = ["abc", 34, True, 40, "male"]
print(list1)
['abc', 34, True, 40, 'male']
In [12]:
#positive or forward indexing
print(list1[0])
abc
In [13]:
print(list1[1])
34
In [14]:
print(list1[2])
True
In [15]:
print(list1[5])
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-15-4183b00bcc53> in <module>
----> 1 print(list1[5])
IndexError: list index out of range
In [20]:
#Negative and backward indexing
list1 = ["abc", 34, True, 40, "male"]
print(list1[-1])
male
In [21]:
print(list1[-2])
40
In [22]:
print(list1[-4])
34
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In [23]:
#To check position of an element in list
list1.index("male")
Out[23]:
In [24]:
list1.index(True)
Out[24]:
In [25]:
print(list1[a])
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-25-2fc46ca457fa> in <module>
----> 1 print(list1[a])
NameError: name 'a' is not defined
In [26]:
#slicing
#list1[_:_:_] = list1[start:end:step]
list1 = ["abc", 34, True, 40, "male"]
print(list1[0:])
['abc', 34, True, 40, 'male']
In [27]:
print(list1[:3])
['abc', 34, True]
In [28]:
print(list1[:])
['abc', 34, True, 40, 'male']
In [29]:
print(list1[2:5])
[True, 40, 'male']
In [30]:
print(list1[::2])
['abc', True, 'male']
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In [31]:
print(list1[::-1])
['male', 40, True, 34, 'abc']
In [32]:
print(list1[::-2])
['male', True, 'abc']
In [33]:
print(list1[1:-1])#skip 1st and last element
[34, True, 40]
In [34]:
print(list1[-4:5])
[34, True, 40, 'male']
In [35]:
print(list1[-4:-1])
[34, True, 40]
In [36]:
print(list1[-4:-1:2])
[34, 40]
In [37]:
print(list1[-1:-4])
[]
In [38]:
print(list1[1:-2])
[34, True]
In [39]:
print(list1[0:-4])
['abc']
In [40]:
print(list1[-1:-4:-2])
['male', True]
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In [41]:
#print list 2 times
list1*2
Out[41]:
['abc', 34, True, 40, 'male', 'abc', 34, True, 40, 'male']
In [42]:
list1 = ["apple", "banana", ["watermelon", "kiwi"],"cherry"]
print(list1[2][0])
watermelon
In [43]:
list1 = ["apple", "banana", ["watermelon", "kiwi"],"cherry"]
print(list1[2][0][4])
In [44]:
list1 = ["apple", "banana", ["watermelon", ["mango","orange"],"coconut","kiwi"],"cherry"]
list1[2][1][0]
Out[44]:
'mango'
In [45]:
list1[2][1][1][0:3]
Out[45]:
'ora'
In [ ]:
Change elements/values in the list(Mutable)
In [46]:
a = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
print(a)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
In [47]:
a[0] = "kiwi"
print(a)
['kiwi', 'banana', 'cherry']
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In [48]:
b = ["apple","banana","cherry","mango"]
b[1:3]=["watermelon","kiwi"]
In [49]:
print(b)
['apple', 'watermelon', 'kiwi', 'mango']
In [50]:
b = ["apple","banana","cherry","mango"]
b[1:2] = ["papaya","orange"]
In [51]:
print(b)
['apple', 'papaya', 'orange', 'cherry', 'mango']
In [52]:
b = ["apple","banana","cherry","mango"]
b[1:4] = ["watermelon"]
In [53]:
print(b)
['apple', 'watermelon']
In [54]:
new = ['apple', 'banana', ['watermelon',["grape","mango"],'kiwi'], 'cherry']
print(new[2][1][0][-2])
In [57]:
print(new[2][0][4])
In [58]:
print(new[3][-2])
r
List Methods
Update & Delete from list
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Add List Items
1. To insert a new list item, without replacing any of the existing values, we can use the insert() method.
In [59]:
a = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
a.insert(2, "watermelon")
print(a)
['apple', 'banana', 'watermelon', 'cherry']
In [60]:
b = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
b.insert(2, ["watermelon","kiwi"])
print(b)
['apple', 'banana', ['watermelon', 'kiwi'], 'cherry']
2. append() : Accept only one parameter and add it at the end of the list.
In [61]:
a = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
a.append("watermelon")
print(a)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'watermelon']
In [62]:
b = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
b.append(["watermelon","kiwi"])
print(b)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', ['watermelon', 'kiwi']]
3. extend() : Accept the list of elements and add them at the end of the list. we can even add another list by
using this method
In [63]:
a = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
a.extend(["watermelon"])
print(a)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'watermelon']
In [64]:
b = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
b.extend(["watermelon","kiwi"])
print(b)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'watermelon', 'kiwi']
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In [65]:
a = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
b = [1, 2, 3]
a.extend(b)
print(a)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 1, 2, 3]
Remove List Items
4. The remove() method removes the specified item.
In [66]:
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
a.remove("banana")
print(a)
['apple', 'cherry']
In [67]:
b = ["True", False, True]
b.remove(False)
print(b)
['True', True]
In [68]:
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
a.remove("apple")
print(a)
['banana', 'cherry']
5. The pop() method removes the specified index.
In [69]:
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
a.pop(1)
print(a)
['apple', 'cherry']
In [70]:
#If you do not specify the index, the pop() method removes the last item.
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
a.pop()
print(a)
['apple', 'banana']
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6. The del keyword also removes the specified index.
In [71]:
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
del a[1]
print(a)
['apple', 'cherry']
In [72]:
#The del keyword can also delete the list completely.
list1 = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
del list1
In [73]:
print(list1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-73-7fd613c3c7e4> in <module>
----> 1 print(list1)
NameError: name 'list1' is not defined
7. The clear() method empties the list. The list still remains, but it has no content.
In [74]:
list2 = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list2.clear()
print(list2)
[]
Concatenate of two lists
The concatenation of two lists means merging of two lists.
1. using '+' operator
2. using extend()
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In [75]:
my_list1 = [1, 2, 3]
my_list2 = [4, 5, 6]
# Using + operator
my_list3 = my_list1 + my_list2
print(my_list3)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
In [76]:
a = ["apple","banana","cherry"]
b = [1, 2, 3]
a.extend(b)
print(a)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 1, 2, 3]
Copying a List
1. using '=' operator # deep copying(The changes that we make in the original list will be reflected in the new
list.)
2. Using the copy() method
3. using the list() method
In [77]:
my_list1 = [1, 2, 3]
# Using = operator
new_list = my_list1
# printing the new list
print(new_list)
[1, 2, 3]
In [78]:
# making changes in the original list
my_list1.append(4)
print(my_list1)
print(new_list)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
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In [79]:
#using copy method
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
newlist = thislist.copy()
print(newlist)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
In [80]:
thislist.append("mango")
print(thislist)
print(newlist)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'mango']
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
In [81]:
a = list((1,2,3))
print(a)
[1, 2, 3]
In [82]:
#copying list
#using list() method
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
newlist = list(thislist)
print(newlist)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
In [83]:
thislist.append("kiwi")
print(thislist)
print(newlist)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'kiwi']
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
Sort and Reverse List
1. sort() : The sort function sorts the elements in the list in ascending order.
2. reverse() : The reverse function is used to reverse the elements in the list.
In [84]:
mylist = [3,5,7,2,4,8]
mylist.sort()
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In [85]:
print(mylist)
[2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8]
In [86]:
list1 = ['g','w','o','a','m']
list1.sort()
In [87]:
print(list1)
['a', 'g', 'm', 'o', 'w']
In [88]:
mylist = [2,4,6,8,10]
mylist.reverse()
In [89]:
print(mylist)
[10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
Functions used with list
1. max() : The max function returns the maximum value in the list.
In [90]:
mylist = [3, 4, 5, 6, 1]
print(max(mylist))
2. min() : The min function returns the minimum value in the list.
In [91]:
mylist = [3, 4, 5, 6, 1]
print(min(mylist))
3. sum() : The sum function returns the sum of all the elements in the list.
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In [92]:
mylist = [3, 4, 5, 6]
print(sum(mylist))
18
4 . all() :
In [93]:
#with all true values
samplelist1 = [1,1,True]
print(all(samplelist1))
True
In [94]:
#with one false
samplelist2 = [0,1,True,1]
print(all(samplelist2))
False
In [95]:
#with all false
samplelist3 = [0,0,False]
print(all(samplelist3))
False
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In [96]:
#with empty list
samplelist4 = []
print(all(samplelist4))
True
5. any() :
In [ ]:
In [97]:
#with all true values
samplelist1 = [1,1,True]
print(any(samplelist1))
True
In [98]:
#with one false
samplelist2 = [0,1,True,1]
print(any(samplelist2))
True
In [99]:
#with all false
samplelist3 = [0,0,False]
print(any(samplelist3))
False
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In [100]:
#with empty list
samplelist4 = []
print(any(samplelist4))
False
List Comprehension
List comprehension offers a shorter syntax when you want to create a new list based on the values of an
existing list.
newlist = [expression for item in iterable if condition]
Type Markdown and LaTeX: 𝛼2
In [101]:
#eg. 1
squares = []
for i in range(10):
squares.append(i**2)
squares
Out[101]:
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
In [102]:
squares = [i**2 for i in range(10)]
squares
Out[102]:
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
In [103]:
a = []
for i in range(1,6):
a.append(i*2)
a
Out[103]:
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
In [104]:
a = [i*2 for i in range(1,6)]
a
Out[104]:
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
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In [105]:
#Based on a list of fruits, you want a new list, containing only the fruits with the letter
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"]
newlist = []
for x in fruits:
if "a" in x:
newlist.append(x)
print(newlist)
['apple', 'banana', 'mango']
In [106]:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"]
newlist = [x for x in fruits if "a" in x]
print(newlist)
['apple', 'banana', 'mango']
In [107]:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"]
newlist = []
for x in fruits:
newlist.append(x.upper())
print(newlist)
['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY', 'KIWI', 'MANGO']
In [108]:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"]
newlist = [x.upper() for x in fruits]
print(newlist)
['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY', 'KIWI', 'MANGO']
Implementation of Stack and Queue using List
Stack : A stack is a linear data structure that stores items in a Last-In/First-Out (LIFO). In stack, a new element
is added at one end and an element is removed from that end only.
In [109]:
#working of append() and pop() function:
# stack using list
stack = ["Amar", "Akbar", "Anthony"]
stack.append("Ram")
stack.append("Iqbal")
print(stack)
['Amar', 'Akbar', 'Anthony', 'Ram', 'Iqbal']
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In [110]:
# Removes the last item
print(stack.pop())
print(stack.pop())
Iqbal
Ram
In [111]:
print(stack)
['Amar', 'Akbar', 'Anthony']
In [112]:
fruits = []
# Let's push/add some fruits into our list
fruits.append('banana')
fruits.append('grapes')
fruits.append('mango')
fruits.append('orange')
print(fruits)
# Now let's pop our fruits, we should get 'banana'
first_item = fruits.pop()
print(first_item)
print(fruits)
# If we pop again we'll get 'grapes'
first_item = fruits.pop()
print(first_item)
# 'mango' and 'orange' remain
print(fruits)
['banana', 'grapes', 'mango', 'orange']
orange
['banana', 'grapes', 'mango']
mango
['banana', 'grapes']
Queue : Queue works on the principle of “First-in, first-out”.
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In [113]:
# Queue using list
queue = ["Amar", "Akbar", "Anthony"]
queue.append("Ram")
queue.append("Iqbal")
print(queue)
# Removes the first item
print(queue.pop(0))
print(queue)
# Removes the first item
print(queue.pop(0))
print(queue)
['Amar', 'Akbar', 'Anthony', 'Ram', 'Iqbal']
Amar
['Akbar', 'Anthony', 'Ram', 'Iqbal']
Akbar
['Anthony', 'Ram', 'Iqbal']
In [114]:
fruits = []
# Let's enqueue/add some fruits into our list
fruits.append('banana')
fruits.append('grapes')
fruits.append('mango')
fruits.append('orange')
print(fruits)
# Now let's dequeue/pop our fruits, we should get 'banana'
first_item = fruits.pop(0)
print(first_item)
print(fruits)
# If we dequeue again we'll get 'grapes'
first_item = fruits.pop(0)
print(first_item)
# 'mango' and 'orange' remain
print(fruits)
['banana', 'grapes', 'mango', 'orange']
banana
['grapes', 'mango', 'orange']
grapes
['mango', 'orange']
Use of zip()
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In [115]:
#Python zip two lists
name = [ "Manjeet", "Nikhil", "Shambhavi", "Astha" ]
roll_no = [ 4, 1, 3, 2 ]
# using zip() to map values
mapped = zip(name, roll_no)
mapped = list(mapped)
print(mapped)
[('Manjeet', 4), ('Nikhil', 1), ('Shambhavi', 3), ('Astha', 2)]
In [116]:
# Using list constructor
my_list2 = list((1, 2, 3))
print(my_list2)
[1, 2, 3]
In [117]:
# initializing lists
name = ["Manjeet", "Nikhil", "Shambhavi", "Astha"]
roll_no = [4, 1, 3, 2]
marks = [40, 50, 60, 70]
# using zip() to map values
mapped = zip(name, roll_no, marks)
# converting values to print as list
mapped = list(mapped)
print(mapped)
[('Manjeet', 4, 40), ('Nikhil', 1, 50), ('Shambhavi', 3, 60), ('Astha', 2, 7
0)]
In [118]:
# unzipping values
namez, roll_noz, marksz = zip(*mapped)
print(namez)
print(roll_noz)
print(marksz)
('Manjeet', 'Nikhil', 'Shambhavi', 'Astha')
(4, 1, 3, 2)
(40, 50, 60, 70)
Matrix operations using List
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In [119]:
# Program to add two matrices using nested loop
X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1],
[6,7,3],
[4,5,9]]
result = [[0,0,0],
[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]
# iterate through rows
for i in range(len(X)):
# iterate through columns
for j in range(len(X)):
result[i][j] = X[i][j] + Y[i][j]
for r in result:
print(r)
[17, 15, 4]
[10, 12, 9]
[11, 13, 18]
In [120]:
# Program to add two matrices using list comprehension
X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1],
[6,7,3],
[4,5,9]]
result = [[X[i][j] + Y[i][j] for j in range(len(X[0]))] for i in range(len(X))]
for r in result:
print(r)
[17, 15, 4]
[10, 12, 9]
[11, 13, 18]
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In [121]:
# Program to multiply two matrices using nested loops
# 3x3 matrix
X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
# 3x4 matrix
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
# result is 3x4
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
# iterate through rows of X
for i in range(len(X)):
# iterate through columns of Y
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
# iterate through rows of Y
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)
[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]
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