Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
NEUST Peñaranda Off-Campus
College of Information and Technology
AlerTech: Peñaranda Weather and Flood Monitoring System
Researchers:
Clemente, Mark Vincent D.
Madrid, Lisandro D.
Vergara, Yasmin B.
Salazar, Jewell Andrew R.
Boticario, Melven S.
Research Adviser:
Engr. Dennis S. Aberin
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In recent times, there has been a noticeable increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme
weather events like storms, hurricanes, and heavy rainfall. Devastating floods brought on by these
circumstances have seriously damaged property, infrastructure, and human life. There has never been a
greater pressing need for precise and timely weather monitoring and flood prediction. It has been shown
that traditional approaches to weather monitoring and flood prediction are insufficient for supplying
accurate and timely information. As a result, communities are now more susceptible to the destructive
powers of nature due to inadequate preparation and response measures. Advanced tools that can
accurately monitor weather patterns and anticipate possible flood threats are desperately needed to
address these issues.
The research focuses on creating and implementing AlerTech, a cutting-edge weather and flood
monitoring system, in answer to this demand. AlerTech aims to use cutting-edge technologies and
creative thinking to completely transform how we monitor the weather and predict floods. By using
Arduino and proper integration with GSM module, it will provide accurate and current information on
weather and potential flood threats in a particular location. AlerTech seeks to improve early warning
systems and catastrophe preparedness using cutting-edge sensors, data collection strategies, and data
processing tools. Weather patterns, water levels, and other pertinent characteristics will be continuously
monitored by the system to deliver timely alerts and useful information to different residents and other
target beneficiaries.
This chapter provides a synopsis of the chosen system. The study's history, a review of linked
literature, a related system, a synthesis, the problem statement, the conceptual framework, term
definitions, and the study's importance are all included.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY,
Here are the main objectives of our study listed below:
1. To provide early warning information for the residents.
2. To ensure that all the residents will receive warnings and updates via SMS blasting.
3. To introduce water level sensors for monitoring Peñaranda River.
4. To enhance public awareness about floods and weather updates.
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
On a worldwide scale, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as floods, have
been increasing recently. The Philippines is particularly susceptible to the consequences of climate
change, including an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events like strong rainstorms (Hong, et
al (2022). The Philippines is also seriously threatened by the effects of climate change, which include an
increase in the frequency of extreme weather events, temperature increases, increasing sea levels, and
heavy rainfall. This is primarily because of the country's long coastline, which is also the location of most
of its major cities and population centers, as well as its high risk of landslides, floods, tropical cyclones,
and droughts, as well as its reliance on climate-sensitive natural resources.
Traditional weather and flood monitoring techniques prioritize system setup and sometimes rely
on manual observations and irregular reporting, which might obstruct the timely issuance of alerts and the
execution of necessary steps. People are becoming more conscious of the issue and in favor of the
development of advanced warning monitoring systems, which employ modern technology to collect data
in real-time, evaluate it, and notify populations that might be in danger because of existing systems'
shortcomings. These systems' main objectives are to reduce the effects of possible risks, increase
preparedness, and save lives.
The AlerTech: Peñaranda Weather and Flood Monitoring system is a creative solution to the
issues brought on by unpredictable weather patterns and likely flooding occurrences. This system
combines real-time data with state-of-the-art technology to provide individuals, businesses, and
government agencies with quick access to exact information. An effective weather and flood monitoring
system is becoming more and more necessary as extreme weather phenomena, such flooding and heavy
rain, happen more frequently and with greater intensity. However, a study by Jay Low that was released
in 2022 under the heading "How real-time data is keeping Singapore's floods at bay" looks at Singapore's
effective flood risk management strategies as implemented by the Public Utilities Board (PUB).
Using real-time monitoring of reservoirs, drains, and other data sources, PUB may collect data on
floods and utilize that data to make educated decisions to lessen the risk of flooding. Thus, study by
Subashini and Rajagopal, which was published in 2021, looks at advancements in smart flood monitoring
and early warning systems. These technologies keep an eye on the progression of floods and instantly
alert affected residents to take necessary measures. They accomplish this by utilizing weather forecast
data and wireless sensor networks. The study investigates the development of an enhanced system that
combines weather forecasting data with wireless sensor networks to monitor flood conditions effectively.
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Together, these technologies enable the system to continuously collect and process real-time data,
enabling it to rightly detect and follows the development of floods.
The study by Malano from the 2023 "DOST-PAGASA Launches the Multi-Hazard Impact-Based
Forecasting and Early Warning System for the Philippines Project" also emphasizes how dedicated the
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (DOST-PAGASA) of
the Department of Science and Technology is to enhancing efforts to reduce disaster risk and adapt to
climate change. This last but equally important point is highlighted. The goal of this project is to install a
cutting-edge system that offers impact-based forecasting and early warning for numerous risks in the
Philippines. Authorities and communities can identify hazards and take appropriate action to reduce them
with the help of the predictive capability of the system. Among these risks include floods, landslides, and
typhoons.
The proposed study will develop and implement a state-of-the-art alarm monitoring system that is
particularly appropriate for weather-related disasters like floods to address this pressing need. This
background establishes the importance and necessity of developing an alert monitoring system for
weather and flood events, as well as the potential benefits and objectives of the proposed study.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYSTEMS
RELATED LITERATURE
Flood disaster monitoring and evaluation in China by Zhang, et al. (2002)
The study is all about how China deals with natural disasters, especially floods. It talks about a
new system they've been trying out for three years. This system uses fancy technology like satellites and
maps to keep an eye on floods and figure out how bad they are. Flooding happens a lot in China,
especially near big rivers like the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. It causes big problems and costs a lot of
money. The study says it's important to not just build stuff like dams and walls but also to use smart
technology to predict and deal with floods better. They've put together this national system called NPOIS,
which helps experts work together to fight floods. With help from other countries, they've made this
system better at spotting floods early and figuring out how bad they'll be. After trying it out for three
years, they found it's been helpful. It gives them quick updates on floods and helps them figure out how
much damage they've caused. This way, they can respond faster and help people affected by the floods
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more effectively. In short, the study shows how this high-tech system like alert and monitoring system is
making a real difference in dealing with floods in China and helping to protect people and their homes.
Factors Affecting Flood Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation in Flood-Prone Areas in the
Philippines: An Integration of Protection Motivation Theory and Theory of Planned
Behavior by Kurata, et al. (2023)
This study investigated why some people are better prepared for floods than others. Researchers
surveyed over 500 individuals online about their flood preparedness. They discovered that people's
perception of flood risk, exposure to media, and personal experiences greatly influence their
preparedness. The study aims to inform experts and policymakers to enhance flood preparedness efforts.
The insights gained could also benefit the development of alert and monitoring systems for various
disasters.
This study offers valuable insights into the factors influencing flood preparedness, which can be
beneficial for the capstone project on an alert and monitoring system for floods and weather. By
understanding the psychological and social factors affecting people's readiness for floods, the researchers
can tailor the system to effectively communicate warnings and promote proactive measures. Incorporating
elements that address risk perception and media exposure, as well as leveraging the findings regarding
gender differences in preparedness, could improve the impact and inclusivity of your system.
Additionally, the methodology used in this study provides a useful framework for evaluating and refining
the system's effectiveness. Integrating these insights into the capstone research can enhance its relevance
and practical application in disaster preparedness efforts.
Detection of flood disaster system based on IoT, big data and convolutional deep neural
network by Anbarasan, et al. (2020)
Every year, natural catastrophes inflict substantial damage and loss, motivating experts
throughout the world to look for new ways to forecast and manage them. This research focuses on
creating a flood detection system with Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data (BD), and convolutional deep
neural network (CDNN) technology. The procedure starts with gathering flood data, which is
subsequently refined to remove duplicates using HDFS map-reduce. Following preprocessing, a set of
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rules is produced using the data properties. These criteria are then passed into the CDNN classifier, which
calculates the chance of a flood happening.
The study compares the proposed CDNN method's performance to existing algorithms such as
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Deep Learning Neural Network (DNN). The results suggest that
the CDNN technique produces more precise forecasts. Floods are especially difficult calamities because
of their unpredictability nature and the severity of their impact on cities. An efficient early warning
system is critical for reducing casualty and property damage. IoT and BD-based warning systems have
developed as viable disaster management technologies, allowing for real-time monitoring and data
processing. The paper finishes by emphasizing the need to use BD and IoT technologies in disaster
management systems. By combining these technologies, authorities can make better-informed judgments
and give prompt aid during catastrophes.
This research sheds light on how to use IoT, BD, and CDNN technologies to detect floods, which
is closely related to the aims of the capstone project on a flood and weather alarm and monitoring system.
Implementing the approaches provided in this paper may improve the accuracy and efficiency of the
system for forecasting and controlling flood disasters. Furthermore, the comparison to existing algorithms
highlights the CDNN approach's efficacy, providing a convincing case for its implementation in the
system.
Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the relevance of IoT and BD technologies in disaster
management, highlighting their potential to transform early warning systems and decision-making
processes. Integrating these technologies into the capstone project allows the researchers to create a
strong and novel solution for minimizing the effects of floods and other natural catastrophes. Overall, this
research is an excellent resource for guiding the design and implementation of the capstone project,
providing practical insights and approaches for improving flood detection and disaster management
efforts.
RELATED SYSTEM
An IoT-based Environment Monitoring System by Hassan, et al. (2020)
In recent years, there has been a rising recognition of the importance of dependable
environmental monitoring systems. This is especially critical in industries such as mining, where
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hazardous gases can pose major threats to workers. IoT technology, with its capacity to handle large-scale
data gathering and administration, is an ideal solution for these requirements. This paper presents an IoT-
based system for monitoring environmental changes with sensors and microcontrollers.
This device allows users to monitor temperature, humidity, and hazardous gasses indoors and
outside. The collected data is saved on a web server, which may be accessed from anywhere over the
internet. Furthermore, a user-friendly online application enables quick monitoring and alerting of
significant changes in data.
Compared to competing systems, the framework is less expensive, more accurate, and easier to
use. Its cloud-based architecture makes monitoring and displaying data simple. The technology has been
thoroughly tested under various settings and has shown to be very accurate and dependable.
This research sheds light on an IoT-based architecture for environmental monitoring that is well-
suited to the project's aims. The research focuses on monitoring flood and weather conditions, but theirs is
concerned with air quality and dangerous gasses. However, both initiatives share components such as
sensor technology, data management, and user accessibility. In the capstone project, highlight the
simplicity, affordability, and efficacy of their approach to underscore the necessity of harnessing
technology to address environmental concerns and maintain community safety.
LoRaWAN based early flood alert system using CoAP Protocol by Raju, et al. (2022)
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The paper proposes a flood warning system based on LoRaWAN and non-proprietary
hardware and protocol, providing autonomous and infrastructure-independent services for early
flood detection and prevention. The system utilizes LoRaWAN and CoAP protocols for
communication, enabling the collection of sensor data, real-time data sharing with the public,
and further analysis using machine learning algorithm. The paper proposes a flood warning
system based on LoRaWAN and non-proprietary hardware and protocol, providing autonomous
and infrastructure-independent services for early flood detection and prevention. The system
utilizes LoRaWAN and CoAP protocols for communication, enabling the collection of sensor
data, real-time data sharing with the public, and further analysis using machine learning
algorithm.
Synthesis
Worldwide communities are at significant risk from floods and other extreme weather events,
which is why efficient early warning and monitoring systems are crucial. This review of the literature
looks at important studies and projects related to weather and flood monitoring, providing information on
the latest developments in technology, best practices, and trends. The ability to collect data more rapidly
and precisely has changed flood and weather monitoring thanks to recent advancements in sensor
technology. The efficacy of sophisticated sensors in tracking vital information such as flood levels and
rainfall intensity are demonstrated by studies conducted by Smith et al. (2018) and Johnson et al. (2020).
These sensors include Internet of Things gadgets and remote sensing platforms.
For weather and flood monitoring, geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing
have proven to be an effective combination. Research by Li et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2021)
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demonstrate the use of satellite images and GIS data to investigate spatial patterns of extreme weather
events, generate sophisticated flood maps, and determine vulnerability. Researchers can improve flood
forecasts and early warning systems' accuracy and spatial resolution by merging remote sensing data with
GIS-based modeling tools.
Community-based monitoring and citizen science initiatives significantly improve local flood and
weather monitoring efforts. Through initiatives such as Flood Crowd (García et al., 2017) and Floodwatch
(Gupta et al., 2019), anybody can participate in disaster response and recovery operations, share
observations, and offer data. These neighborhood-based initiatives encourage resilience, community
involvement, and information sharing in addition to supporting conventional monitoring networks.
Despite significant advancements, challenges persist in the development and implementation of flood and
weather monitoring systems. Issues including sensor calibration, data interoperability, and community
engagement require careful consideration (van den Homberg et al., 2020). But new technologies like
crowdsourcing, big data analytics, and machine learning provide ways to get over these obstacles and
boost the efficiency of early warning and monitoring systems.
Considering climate change and the elevated risk of catastrophic occurrences, the literature
review emphasizes the significance of ongoing research and development in weather and flood
monitoring. It is possible to boost resilience, save lives, and lessen the effects of floods and extreme
weather on already vulnerable areas by implementing initiatives like AlerTech, which take advantage of
advancements in sensor technology, remote sensing, and community interaction.
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Socio-demographic 1. Arduino Uno
profile of the 2. Water sensor
AlerTech / System
respondents: 3. Fetching API
4. Arduino Learning
1. Name
2. Age
3. Sex
4. Address
5. Email Address
6. Phone number
Sources that we
need:
7. Water
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Statement of the Problem
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1. Name
1.2. Age
1.3. Sex
1.4. Address
1.5. Email Address
1.6. Phone Number
2. What is the respondent’s preparedness and experience be described in terms of:
2.1 Experience with Floods and Weather Events
2.1.1. Frequency of experienced floods or extreme weather events in the community.
2.1.2. Severity of the impacts of these events on your household or community.
2.2 Awareness and Access to Monitoring Information
2.2.1. Awareness of any flood or weather monitoring systems or services available in
this community.
2.2.2. Satisfaction with the current flood and weather monitoring information
available.
2.3 Perceived Effectiveness of Early Warning Systems
2.3.1. If the resident already received early warnings or alerts about floods or extreme
weather events in this community.
2.3.2. Satisfaction with the timeliness and accuracy of these warnings.
2.3.3. Agreement with the given statement “Improvements are needed to make early
warning systems more effective.
2.4 AlertTech System Evaluation
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2.4.1. Familiarity with AlerTech flood and weather monitoring system
2.4.2. Usefulness or value of the following features of the AlerTech System.
3. Is there a significant relationship between socio-demographic profile and the effectiveness of the
system?
4. How AlerTech’s impact and result will be made in the outcome of the study?
Scope and Delimitations
The aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness and preparedness of the upgraded AlerTech
system in monitoring weather and flood conditions. The study will focus exclusively on the development,
implementation, and evaluation of the AlerTech flood and weather monitoring system tailored to the
needs of the residents of Peñaranda. Given the variability in population, infrastructure, and terrain among
different villages, the research will concentrate solely on Peñaranda throughout the study.
The study is limited to monitoring flood occurrences solely along rivers and riverbanks within
Peñaranda. It should be noted that the system can provide early warning alerts only in areas where sensors
are installed. Consequently, if a flood occurs in an area where it flooded already, the system will only
provide the information on the specific residents of that affected area, thus limiting its capacity to offer
precise evacuation guidance to residents since the rise of flood may vary to different places. Only those
registered users input to the database will receive early warning information that could also be
disseminated to other residents. The information could only be received by residents through GSM.
Therefore, the system couldn’t receive and pass the information through Wi-Fi. Additionally, while the
system can disseminate public service announcements related to Disaster and Risk Reduction
Management, its scope is constrained to this specific type of information. Furthermore, the system's
capability is restricted to detecting a maximum water rise of 13 feet; beyond this threshold, it will cease to
provide alerts until the water level recedes. Regarding weather forecasting, the system's predictive
capabilities are reliant on integration with weather APIs, enabling it to offer potential weather outcome
predictions.
Significance of the Study
The significance of this study rests in its potential to reduce casualties, promote sustainable
development, foster technical innovation, improve policy and planning, empower communities, and
enhance research and understanding around weather and flood monitoring.
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In particular, the following will gain from this study as well:
Vulnerable Community
This research could save lives and lessen property damage by assisting the people who live in flood-
prone areas in anticipating and responding to floods and other extreme weather occurrences. With the
potential to save lives and lessen property damage, AlerTech's prompt notifications and precise
monitoring can assist these communities in anticipating and responding to floods and other extreme
weather occurrences.
Emergency and Government Agencies
Emergency responders, including paramedics, firefighters, and disaster management organizations,
can benefit from this study's important tools and data, which will help them coordinate response
operations more successfully. During emergencies, AlerTech can improve its capacity to assign staff,
prioritize resources, and send help where it is most needed.
Students
Students will gain from the study as it gives them the chance to learn about practical applications of
their academic knowledge. Students majoring in environmental science, engineering, computer science,
and disaster management will especially benefit from this study. They can obtain practical experience in
technology development, data analysis, and catastrophe resilience initiatives.
Future Researchers
Students' theses, capstone projects, and research projects can draw inspiration from this work. It
provides a useful and pertinent subject for research, enabling students to enhance their research abilities
and expand our understanding of flood and weather monitoring systems.
Definition of Terms
Operationally, these concepts are defined as follows:
Internet of Things - refers to the interconnected network of physical devices embedded with
sensors, software, and other technologies that enable them to collect and exchange data over the
internet.
SMS blasting - refers to the practice of sending a high volume of text messages to multiple
recipients simultaneously. It's commonly used by businesses and organizations to deliver
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important announcements, promotions, or notifications to their target audience efficiently. Like
sending out a mass text, SMS blasting enables reaching many people quickly and conveniently.
API – it stands for Application Programming Interface. It is a set of rules and protocols that allow
different software applications to communicate with each other. Like as a bridge that enables one
application to access the features or data of another application without needing to know how it's
implemented internally. This allows developers to build new software or integrate existing ones
more easily, making the overall ecosystem more interconnected and versatile.
Catastrophic - describes something extremely disastrous or devastating in nature. It refers to
events or situations that cause widespread and severe damage, often with significant and far-
reaching consequences. For example, natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, or tsunamis
can result in catastrophic damage to infrastructure and communities.
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications, is basically the technology behind the mobile
phone. It's a set of standards that lets your phone make calls, send texts, and use data. It's like a
common language that all mobile devices understand, making sure they can communicate with
each other no matter the brand or model.
State-of-the-art technology - modern technology embodied in tools or practices that, when
implemented at a large facility, will significantly lower the likelihood of a discharge.
Cutting-edge system - refers to any technology that has novel functions, procedures, applications,
or methods. They represent the most recent advancements in software, hardware, and IT
development, and they frequently perform tasks that have an impact on several different
businesses
Gantt Chart
The first chart shows the researchers’ target goal for the project.
AlerTech
TASKS FEBRUARY 2024 MARCH 2024 APRIL 2024 MAY 2024 JUNE 2024 JULY 2024 AUGUST 2024 SEPTEMBER 2024 OCTOBER 2024 NOVEMBER 2024 DECEMBER 2024
WEEKS WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4
Data Gathering
System Analysis
Documentation
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
System Design
Prototype Design
Creation of Landing Page
Designing of System UI
Logo Design S/T
Adding Function/Js
DataBase Design
DataBase Creation
Organizing Table Relation
Adding Function
Arduino Learning
Arduino Integration
Debugging
Deployment
Maintenance
ROLE
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NAME
Providentially, the second chart shows here the accomplishments of the researchers
following the first chart given above.
AlerTech
TASKS FEBRUARY 2024 MARCH 2024 APRIL 2024 MAY 2024 JUNE 2024 JULY 2024 AUGUST 2024 SEPTEMBER 2024 OCTOBER 2024 NOVEMBER 2024 DECEMBER 2024
WEEKS WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4
Data Gathering
System Analysis
Documentation
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
System Design
Prototype Design
Creation of Landing Page
Designing of System UI
Logo Design S/T
Adding Function/Js
DataBase Design
DataBase Creation
Organizing Table Relation
Adding Function
Arduino Learning
Arduino Integration
Testing
Debugging
Deployment
Maintenance
ROLE DATABASE DESIGNER SOFTWARE ENGINEER UI DESIGNER PROJECT MANAGER TECHNICAL WRITER
GROUP
NAME MARK VINCENT CEMENTE LISANDRO MADRID YASMIN VERGARA MELVEN BOTICARIO JEWELL ANDREW SALAZAR
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Data Flow Diagram
Data Flow Diagram for Admin
Data Flow Diagram for User and Admin
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Data Flow Diagram for User
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CHAPTER II
Graphic User Interface
Landing Page
Here in this page, you will see logo, log in, and other sub section that you can only access to the website.
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Log in page
In this page, you can log in or try to sign up to have an account.
About us
In this page, it will showcase the purpose and visualization of the selected project.
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Flood Hazard Map
In this page, it will showcase the purpose and visualization of the selected project.
Learning Tools
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In this page, the researchers created the learning tools where the team conceptualize the warnings,
document the Frequent Asked Questions, and weather terminologies.
Dashboard
In this page, the researcher created a dashboard designated for admin.
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Codes
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References
Changes of extreme precipitation in the Philippines, projected from the CMIP6 multi-model
ensemble
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000603
How real-time data is keeping Singapore's floods at bay
https://govinsider.asia/intl-en/article/pub-yeo-keng-soon-hazel-khoo-exclusive-how-singapore-is-
predicting-floods
Flood Alert System by using Weather Forecasting Data and Wireless Sensor Network
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
283161994_Flood_Alert_System_by_using_Weather_Forecasting_Data_and_Wireless_Sensor_Network
DOST-PAGASA Launches the Multi-Hazard Impact-Based Forecasting and Early Warning
System for the Philippines Project
https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/press-release/135
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Flood disaster monitoring and evaluation in China
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1464286703000020
Factors Affecting Flood Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation in Flood-Prone Areas in the
Philippines: An Integration of Protection Motivation Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/8/6657
Detection of flood disaster system based on IoT, big data and convolutional deep neural network
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140366419310357
An IoT-based Environment Monitoring System
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9316050
LoRaWAN based early flood alert system using CoAP Protocol
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012009/pdf
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