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BIO461 Lab Test June 2022

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143 views3 pages

BIO461 Lab Test June 2022

Uploaded by

FARALIZA AHMAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIO461 Microbiology

Semester June 2022


Laboratory Test
(30 Marks)

1. Describe the two general types of sample fixation. Which would you use
when Gram staining a bacterium in the laboratory? Explain your answer.
(5 marks)

Heat fixation to kill microorganisms in the specimen, stopping their movement and
metabolism while preserving the integrity of their cellular components for
observation and Chemical fixation kills microorganisms in the specimen, stopping
degradation of the tissues and preserving their structure so that they can be
examined later under the microscope.

2. Discuss the importance of aseptic techniques and when they are used in
microbiological experiments.
(5 marks)

To prevent contamination of the specific microorganism we are working with.


Aseptic technique was use before conducting any microbiological experiments to
prevent any contamination while conducting any microbiological experiment.

3. Explain the importance of steam application in Schaeffer–Fulton endospore


staining procedure. Predict what would happen if the sample has not been
sufficiently exposed to steam in the staining procedure.
(4 marks)

The importance of steam application in Schaeffer–Fulton endospore staining


procedure is to allow the dye to penetrate the endospore. Improper staining can can
be caused by slide contaminating, incorrect staining time, over or under-heating the
stain.
4. Serial dilutions and plate count was made as depicted below. Calculate the
number of bacteria (CFU/mL) in the sample.
(10 marks)

84 colonies counted

1/10 x 0.5/5 x 3/10 x 1/100 x 1/10 x 2/20 =1/10000000

C= 84 M= 10000000 V=0.01mL
𝐶×𝑀 84×10000000
No. of colony forming CFU/mL= = =8.4 × 1010 CFU/mL
𝑉 0.01
5. Explain the results of the carbohydrate fermentation experiment depicted
below.
(6 marks)

QUESTION ENDS

Control Tube A Tube B Tube C


The carbohydrate fermentation test is used to determine whether or not bacteria
can ferment a specific carbohydrate. It tests for the presence of acid and/or gas
produced from carbohydrate fermentation. In tube A, after incubation, the liquid in
the tube turns yellow indicated by the change in the red color indicator. It indicates
that there is a drop in the pH because of the production of the acid by the
fermentation of the carbohydrate present in the media. Means that it is a positive
result. In negative results, The tube containing medium will remain red, indicating
the bacteria cannot ferment that particular carbohydrate source present in the
media. In tube B a bubble was seen in the inverted Durham tube. Means that it is a
negative result. There won’t be any bubble in the inverted Durham tube since
bacteria do not produce gas from the fermentation of that particular carbohydrate
present in the media resulting negative result.

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