Mat 103E Problem Session

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QuestionZ 1.
2
Evaluate x 3 dx by using the definition of definite integral as limit.
1

Answer.
Consider the partition P subdivides the interval [1, 2] into subintervals of with
2−1 1
∆x = = and let ck be the right endpoint of each subinterval. So the
n n
partition is
1 1 1 1
P = {1, 1 + , 1 + 2. , 1 + 3. , · · · , 1 + n. = 2}
n n n n
and
1 k
ck = 1 + k.
=1+ .
n n
Z b
NOTE: To compute the definite integral f (x)dx as the limit of Riemann
a
Sums, we calculate
n
X
lim f (ck )∆x.
kPk→0
k=1

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Question 2.
Suppose
Z 9 that f andZ h are integable andZthat
9 9
f (x)dx = −1, f (x)dx = 5 and h(x)dx = 4.
1 7 7
Find :

Answer.
Z 9 Z 9
a) −2f (x)dx = − 2 f (x)dx = 2
Z1 7 Z 9 1
b) f (x)dx = − f (x)dx = −5
Z 97 7 Z 7 Z 7
c) (f (x) − h(x))dx = f (x)dx − h(x)dx =
Z9 9 Z 9 9 9

− f (x)dx + h(x)dx = −5 + 4 = −1
Z7 7 Z7 9 Z 9
d) f (x)dx = f (x)dx − f (x)dx = −1 − 5 = −6
1 1 7

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Question 3.
Use the properties of integrals to establish the following inequality without
evaluating the integral involved
Z π
π 4 1 π
≤ 2x
dx ≤ .
8 0 1 + cos 6

Answer.
π 1
a = 0, b = and f (x) = .
4 1 + cos2 x
π 1 1
0≤x ≤ =⇒ √ ≤ cos x ≤ 1 =⇒ ≤ cos2 x ≤ 1
4 2 2
3
=⇒ ≤ 1 + cos2 x ≤ 2
2
1 2
=⇒ ≤ f (x) ≤ .
2 3
From the max-minZ b inequality for integral
minf (b − a) ≤ f (x)dx ≤ maxf (b − a)
Z π a
π 4 1 π
=⇒ ≤ dx ≤ .
8 0 1 + cos2 x 6

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Question 4. Z −2 p
Evaluate the integral (1 + 16 − x 2 )dx by interpreting it in terms of
−4
areas.

Answer.

Z −2 p Z −2 Z −2 p
(1 + 16 − x 2 )dx = dx + 16 − x 2 dx
−4 −4 −4

−2 −2
√
1 2.2 3
Z Z p
dx + 16 − x 2 dx = Area of S1 + Area of S2 =2.1 + ( π.42 − )
−4 −4 6 2
8 √
=2 + π − 2 3.
3

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Question 7.
Find a function f such that
Z x
x2 = 1 +
p
1 + (f (t))2 dt
1

for all x > 1.

Answer. Z x
d
From Fundamental Theorem of Calculus : f (t)dt = f (x).
dx a
Z xp
d 2 d

(x ) = 1+ 1 + (f (t))2 dt
dx dx 1
p
2x = 0 + 1 + (f (x))2
(2x)2 = 1 + (f (x))2

Then, p
f (x) = 4x 2 − 1.

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