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Basic Definitions

The document defines basic terms used in engineering drawings including orthographic projection, image plane, line of sight, horizontal plane, frontal plane, profile plane, reference plane, elevation view, inclined plane, oblique line, contour line, bearing, and slope of a line.

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arif hussain
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19 views

Basic Definitions

The document defines basic terms used in engineering drawings including orthographic projection, image plane, line of sight, horizontal plane, frontal plane, profile plane, reference plane, elevation view, inclined plane, oblique line, contour line, bearing, and slope of a line.

Uploaded by

arif hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Drawing Basic Definitions

a) Orthographic projection

Orthographic projection is also known as orthogonal projection is a means of representing


three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. When it is not possible to illustrate a solid in three-
dimensional form on paper, we use orthographic projections.

b) Image plane

The surface of a body is drawn in linear perspective regarded as image plane perpendicular to
the lines of sight on which the points of objects in the scene may be considered as projected by
straight lines drawn from these points to the eye.

c) Line of sight

Line of sight (LOS) is an imaginary line from the eye to the object. The true size and shape
of any object in an engineering drawing can only be known when the Line of Sight (LOS) is
perpendicular to the plane.

d) Horizontal plane

Horizontal plane of projection is the plane onto which the top View of the multi-view drawing is
projected. Top view of an object shows the width and depth dimensions.

e) Frontal plane

Frontal plane of projection is the plane onto which the front view (FV) of the multi-view drawing
is projected. Front view of an object shows the width and height dimensions.

f) Profile plane

In multi-view drawings, the right-side view called profile plane is the standard side view
commonly used. The right-side view of an object shows the depth and the height dimensions.
The right-side view is projected onto the profile plane of projection, which is a plane that is
parallel to the right side of the object.
g) Reference plane

A reference plane is a plane in 3D space used as the workspace for drawing and the basis
for other interactive actions. The initial reference plane is the XY plane (or ground plane). The
reference plane may be one of the three Cartesian planes (XY, YZ, ZX).

h) Elevation view

An elevation is a view from the side of an object, when drawing interior elevations, this
would represent height of object.

i) Inclined plane

Inclined Plane is a plane in the first quadrant with its surface perpendicular to VP and
inclined at any angle to HP. The object is to be placed in the space between HP, VP and inclined
plane. The direction of sight to project the top view will be normal to the inclined plane.

j) Oblique line

An oblique view is a pictorial view of an object that shows its elevation, plan, or a section
which can be used to scale with parallel lines projected from the corners, that is at 45 degrees
or any other angle, which indicates the other sides.

Contour line

A contour line defines the outline of a form, as well as interior structure, without the use of
shading.

k) Bearing

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and
reduces friction between moving parts.

l) Slope of a line

It is calculated as rise divided by run.it can be determined by using two points on a graph
or by using an algebraic formula. The slope of a line is a measure of its steepness.

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