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    Steam Turbine

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    ILEENVIRUS
    The document discusses steam turbines, including their principal parts, classifications, power ratings, and Willan's line. It also provides an example problem calculating steam consumption at 60% load given full load steam rate and no load consumption.

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    Steam Turbine

    Uploaded by

    ILEENVIRUS
    8 views3 pages
    The document discusses steam turbines, including their principal parts, classifications, power ratings, and Willan's line. It also provides an example problem calculating steam consumption at 60% load given full load steam rate and no load consumption.

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    a topic from powerplant that is mainly of steam turbine

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    Steam-Turbine

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    The document discusses steam turbines, including their principal parts, classifications, power ratings, and Willan's line. It also provides an example problem calculating steam consumption at 60% load given full load steam rate and no load consumption.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views3 pages

    Steam Turbine

    Uploaded by

    ILEENVIRUS
    The document discusses steam turbines, including their principal parts, classifications, power ratings, and Willan's line. It also provides an example problem calculating steam consumption at 60% load given full load steam rate and no load consumption.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Steam Turbine

    A machine which develops mechanical motion using natural force is called a prime
    mover, all heat engines are prime movers, as are steam turbines.

     Principal Parts

    1. rotor – this is the main element of a turbine.


    2. casing- this is the principal stationary element, often called the cylinder; it surrounds
    the rotor and is shaped to become the mainframe and support of the assembled
    turbine.
    Note : routing the steam flow through two or more cylinders is compounding.
    3. bearings- there are two main bearings for a single – cylinder turbine which are
    placed outboard of the shaft seal.
    Note: most journals run in plain babbitted bearings
    4. shaft seals
    in case the shaft emerges from the casing it needs sealing to prevent steam
    outflow at the high – pressure end and air in inflow at the vacuum end.
    Note: on small non- condensing turbines, employ mechanical sealing rings; on
    large turbines where shaft diameter is large, use labyrinth glands with steam leak –
    off at the high pressure end and steam or water sealing at the condenser.
    5. Steam control
    Where the power is used for electric power generation, steam flow needs to be
    regulated so as to produce constant rotative speed in the presence of variable power
    demand.
    6. oil system
    an integral oil pump driven from he main shaft provides the pressure for oil
    relays and governor valve – operating cylinders; the same oil lubricates the bearings
    when reduced in pressure.

     Classifications of steam turbines:

    1. by size and application


    1.1. auxiliary service, direct – connected, small capacity.
    1.2 mechanical drive, geared and direct = connected; 10,1515hp
    1.3 industrial power, usually impulse turbines with gear drive
    1.4 central station power

    2. by steam flow
    2.1 impulse, impulse – reaction, and reaction- blading
    2.2 single stage (smaller capacities) and multi stage
    2.3 re- entry (partial multi – stage advantages without added mechanical
    complication
    2.4 subdivided steam flow in multiple cylinders in parallel or in tandem
    3. by degree of expansion

    3.1 straight expansion, condensing and non- condensing


    3.2 back pressure
    3.3 bleeder; steam is extracted for feedwater heating
    3.4 automatic extraction
    3.5 low pressure
    3.6 superposed

    source: power plant engineering by morse, p 376

     Power rating
    Mechanical drive turbines are rated in horsepower (hp); turbine generator units in
    kilowatts (kW)

    1. nominal - it is declared power capacity expected to the maximum load

    2. Capability – it is the manufacturer’s guaranteed maximum continuous output for a clean


    turbine, operating under specified throttle and exhaust conditions

    3. overload capacity - it is the difference between capability and nominal rating

     Willan’s line
    The steam rate of a turbine decrease with increasing load to the point of maximum
    efficiency, after which it increases because of excessive incomplete expansion losses;
    steam consumption rises with an increase in load; this characteristic generally plots against
    load as straight line with y-intercept which as Willan’s line.

    Steam consumption y = mx + b
    ms, kg/hr

    b Load, kW
    O Full load

    Problem:
    A 5-MW steam turbine generator power plant has a full-load steam rate of 6.0
    . Assuming that no-load steam consumption as 10% of full-load steam
    consumption, compute for the hourly steam consumption at 60% load, in .

    Solution:
    At full-load:
    Steam consumption,

    At no-load:
    Steam consumption,

    Using two-point form:

    Where:

    Thus,

    At 60% load, L = 0.6

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