10

TLE/EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
ELECTRONIC THEORY
(Electronic Components - Resistor)
Subject Area – Grade Level
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Electronic Theory
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Renee Bel B. Ignacio, Margie B. Matias, Sharon R. Tagacay
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 10

TLE/EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
ELECTRONIC THEORY
(Electronic Components - Resistor)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE- Grade 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Electronic Theory

(Electronic Component- Resistor)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the (TLE - Grade 10) Self-Learning Module (SLM) on (Electronic Theory –
(Electronic Component - Resistor)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

1
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

2
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

3
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the (Electronic Component - Resistor). The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module consists of one lesson

 Lesson 6 – Circuit Connection (Series-Parallel)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Recognize the basic series-parallel connection of resistor
2. Draw the diagram of series-parallel circuit connection
3. Discuss the relationship between current, voltage, resistance and power.

What I Know

Direction: Encircle the letter of your answer. Use the activity sheets for your
answer.

1) If we have a number of identical 7 Ω resistors set up as described in the diagram,

what is the total resistance of that circuit rounded to the nearest ohm?

a) 14 Ω
b) 20 Ω
c) 28 Ω
d) 35 Ω

4
2) Refer to the circuit below. What happens to the current delivered by the battery?

a) it will decrease
b) it will stay the same
c) it will increase
d) nothing at all

3) The circuit below consists of a battery, five identical resistors and a switch. With
the switch open, which resistor(s) has the least current flowing through it?

-
a) R1 and R5
b) R2
c) R3 and R4
d) R3 and R5

4) Assume all resistors are identical and the system is ideal. If another identical
resistor (R6) is added to the circuit, what happen to the total resistance of the
system when the switch is closed?

-
a) it stays the same
b) it increases
c) it decreases
d) it decreases to 0
For questions 5 – 7, based your answers on the diagram below. If the circuit
diagram R1, R2, R3 and R4 are all light bulb with resistance of 2Ω and applied
voltage of 12V.

-
5
5) Which light bulb is the brightest?
a) R1
b) R2
c) R3
d) R4

6) What is the total resistance?

a) 8 Ω
b) 1 Ω
c) 10/3 Ω
d) 13/3 Ω

7) What will happen if R2 = 0 Ω (i.e. the bulb is replaced with a wire)?

i. R1 will get brighter
ii. R1 will get dimmer
iii. R3 and R4 will both get brighter
iv. R3 and R4 will both get dimmer
v. R3 and R4 will both go out

a) i and iii
b) iii only
c) i and v
d) ii and iii
e) i and iv

8) Two identical light bulbs are connected first in a series circuit and then in a
parallel circuit with the same battery. In which circuit will the bulbs be brighter?

+ +
- -

a) The bulbs will be brighter in the series circuit.

b) The bulbs will be brighter in the parallel circuit.
c) The bulbs will be equally bright in both circuits.
d) There is not enough information provided to answer this question.

9) Based on the preceding circuits. Which of the following equations best describe
the relative amount of power dissipated in each circuit?
a.) Pseries = Pparallel / 4
b.) Pseries = Pparallel / 2
c.) Pseries = Pparallel
d.) Pseries = Pparallel × 2

6
 For questions 10 -11, base your answer on the diagram below.

+
_

10) What is the total resistance of the circuit?

a.) 5 Ω
b.) 15 Ω
c.) 10 Ω
d.) 16 Ω

11) What is the equivalent resistance of R2 and R3 together?

a. 4Ω
b. 8Ω
c. 5Ω
d. 16Ω

12) What is the unknown resistance?

+ +
_ _

a) 11 Ω
b) 3 Ω
c) 12 Ω
d) 8 Ω

13.) What happens to the current in the series circuit if the resistance is doubled?
a) it becomes half of its original value
b) it becomes double of its original value
c) it becomes zero
d) it becomes infinity

7
14.) What is the current across R2 from the circuit below?

+
_

a.) 12 mA
b.) 6 mA
c.) 3 mA
d.) 2 mA

15.) What is the total voltage across the circuit if the total resistance is 10 ohms
with a total current of 2 A?
a.) 20 V
b.) 5 V
c.) 100 V
d.) 75 V

8
 Lesson
Resistor: Basic Parallel
6 Connection

What’s In

Activity 1

Direction: Give a simple description of the pictures shown below. Use the activity
sheet for your answer.

Particular Picture Simple explanation

9
 What’s New

Activity 2

Direction: Analyze and compare the pictures. Write your answer on the activity
sheet.
a.
Figure 1 Figure 2

Question: What is the difference between the 2 pictures?

b.
Figure 1 Figure 2

How do the two pictures differ in terms of connection?

What is It

Resistor in Series-Parallel Connection

Resistors can be connected together in an unlimited number of series and parallel
combinations to form complex resistive circuits.

10
In the previous module we have learnt how to connect individual resistors together
to form either a Series Resistor Network or a Parallel Resistor Network and we used
Ohms Law to find the various currents flowing in and voltages across each resistor
combination.

But what if we want to connect various resistors together in “BOTH” parallel and
series combinations within the same circuit to produce more complex resistive
networks, how do we calculate the combined or total circuit resistance, currents and
voltages for these resistive combinations.

Resistor circuits that combine series and parallel resistors networks together are
generally known as Resistor Combination or mixed resistor circuits. The method of
calculating the circuits equivalent resistance is the same as that for any individual
series or parallel circuit and hopefully we now know that resistors in series carry
exactly the same current and that resistors in parallel have exactly the same voltage
across them.

For example, in the following circuit calculate the total current ( IT ) taken from the
12v supply.

At first glance this may seem a difficult task,

but if we look a little closer we can see that the
two resistors, R2 and R3 are actually both
connected together in a “SERIES”
combination so we can add them together to
produce an equivalent resistance the same as
we did in the series resistor tutorial. The
resultant resistance for this combination
would therefore be:

R2 + R3 = 8Ω + 4Ω = 12Ω

So we can replace both resistor R2 and R3 above with a single resistor of resistance
value 12Ω

So our circuit now has a single

resistor RA in “PARALLEL” with the
resistor R4. Using our resistors in
parallel equation we can reduce
this parallel combination to a single
equivalent resistor value
of R(combination) using the formula for
two parallel connected resistors as
follows.

11
The resultant resistive circuit now looks something like this:

We can see that the two remaining

resistances, R1 and R(comb) are
connected together in a “SERIES”
combination and again they can be
added together (resistors in series) so
that the total circuit resistance between
points A and B is therefore given as:

R(ab) = Rcomb + R1 = 6Ω + 6Ω = 12Ω

Thus a single resistor of just 12Ω can be used to replace the original four resistors
connected together in the original circuit above.

By using Ohm’s Law, the value of the current ( I ) flowing around the circuit is
calculated as:

Then we can see that any complicated resistive circuit consisting of several resistors
can be reduced to a simple single circuit with only one equivalent resistor by
replacing all the resistors connected together in series or in parallel using the steps
above.
We can take this one step further by using Ohms Law to find the two branch
currents, I1 and I2 as shown.
V(R1) = I*R1 = 1*6 = 6 volts

V(RA) = VR4 = (12 – VR1) = 6 volts

Thus:
I1 = 6V ÷ RA = 6 ÷ 12 = 0.5A or 500mA

I2 = 6V ÷ R4 = 6 ÷ 12 = 0.5A or 500mA

12
Since the resistive values of the two branches are the same at 12Ω, the two branch
currents of I1 and I2 are also equal at 0.5A (or 500mA) each. This therefore gives a
total supply current, IT of: 0.5 + 0.5 = 1.0 amperes as calculated above.

It is sometimes easier with complex resistor combinations and resistive networks to

sketch or redraw the new circuit after these changes have been made, as this helps
as a visual aid to the maths. Then continue to replace any series or parallel
combinations until one equivalent resistance, REQ is found. Lets try another more
complex resistor combination circuit.

Resistors in Series and Parallel Example No2

Find the equivalent resistance, REQ for the following resistor combination circuit.

Again, at first glance this resistor ladder network may seem a complicated task, but
as before it is just a combination of series and parallel resistors connected together.
Starting from the right hand side and using the simplified equation for two parallel
resistors, we can find the equivalent resistance of the R8 to R10 combination and call
it RA.

13
RA is in series with R7 therefore the total resistance will be RA + R7 = 4 + 8 = 12Ω as
shown.

This resistive value of 12Ω is

now in parallel with R6 and can be calculated as RB.

RB is in series with R5 therefore the total resistance

will be RB + R5 = 4 + 4 = 8Ω as shown.

This resistive value of 8Ω is now in parallel with R4 and can be calculated as RC as

shown.

14
RC is in series with R3 therefore the total resistance will be RC + R3 = 8Ω as shown.

This resistive value of 8Ω is now in parallel with R2 from which we can

calculated RD as:

RD is in series with R1 therefore the total resistance will be RD + R1 = 4 + 6 = 10Ω as

shown.

Then the complex combinational resistive network above comprising of ten individual
resistors connected together in series and parallel combinations can be replaced with
just one single equivalent resistance ( REQ ) of value 10Ω.

15
When solving any combinational resistor circuit that is made up of resistors in series
and parallel branches, the first step we need to take is to identify the simple series
and parallel resistor branches and replace them with equivalent resistors.

This step will allow us to reduce the complexity of the circuit and help us transform
a complex combinational resistive circuit into a single equivalent resistance
remembering that series circuits are voltage dividers and parallel circuits are current
dividers.

What’s More

Activity 3

Direction: Answer the following problems in the activity sheet. Show your solution.

Use the activity sheet for your answer.

1.) Find the total resistance in the circuit below.

2.) Calculate Resistance, Current, Power Dissipation, and Power Output based
on the illustration below.

Given;
VT = 12 V
R1 = 4 Ω
R2 = 6 Ω
R3 = 13 Ω

16
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4
Direction: Answer the questions correctly using the activity sheets.

1.) What is the basic series-parallel connection of a resistor?

2.) Draw the diagram of series-parallel connection?
3.) How will you determine the relationship between current, voltage and
power?

What I Can Do

Activity 5
Direction: Answer the questions correctly using the activity sheets.

1.) What are the series and parallel circuit connections used for?

2.) Look at the wiring connection and the different appliances of your house.
Based on that observation, what is the usage of series-parallel
connection? How could you determine the relationship between current,
voltage, resistance and power on it?

Assessment

Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of your answer and
write it in the activity sheet.

1.) What happens to the current in the series circuit if the resistance is doubled?
a. it becomes half of its original value
b. it becomes double of its original value
c. it becomes zero
d. it becomes infinity

17
2.) Refer to the circuit below. What happens to the current delivered by the
battery?

a. it will decrease
b. it will stay the same
c. it will increase
d. nothing at all

3.) The circuit below consists of a battery, five identical resistors and a switch.
With the switch open, which resistor(s) has the least current flowing through
it?

-
a. R1 and R5
b. R2
c. R3 and R4
d. R3 and R5

4.) Assume all resistors are identical and the system is ideal. If another identical
resistor (R6) is added to the circuit, what happen to the total resistance of the
system when the switch is closed?

-
a. it stays the same
b. it increases
c. it decreases
d. it decreases to 0

18
 For questions 5 – 7, based your answers on the diagram below. If the circuit
diagram R1, R2, R3 and R4 are all light bulb with resistance of 2Ω and applied
voltage of 12V.

-
5.) Which light bulb is the brightest?

a. R1
b. R2
c. R3
d. R4

6.) If we have a number of identical 7 Ω resistors set up as described in the

diagram, what is the total resistance of that circuit rounded to the
nearest ohm?

a. 14 Ω
b. 20 Ω
c. 28 Ω
d. 35 Ω

7.) What is the total resistance?

a. 8Ω
b. 1Ω
c. 10/3 Ω
d. 13/3 Ω

8.) What will happen if R2 = 0 Ω (i.e. the bulb is replaced with a wire)
vi. R1 will get brighter
vii. R1 will get dimmer
viii. R3 and R4 will both get brighter
ix. R3 and R4 will both get dimmer
x. R3 and R4 will both go out

19
 a. i and iii
b. iii only
c. i and v
d. ii and iii
e. i and iv

9.) Two identical light bulbs are connected first in a series circuit and then in a
parallel circuit with the same battery. In which circuit will the bulbs be
brighter?

+ +
- -

a. the bulbs will be brighter in the series circuit.

b. the bulbs will be brighter in the parallel circuit.
c. the bulbs will be equally bright in both circuits.
d. there is not enough information provided to answer this question.

10.) Based on the preceding circuits. Which of the follow equations best describes
the relative amount of power dissipated in each circuit?

a. Pseries = Pparallel / 4
b. Pseries = Pparallel / 2
c. Pseries = Pparallel
d. Pseries = Pparallel × 2

For questions 10 -11, base your answer on the diagram below.

+
_

11.) What is the equivalent resistance of R2 and R3 together?

a. 4Ω
b. 8Ω
c. 5Ω
d. 16Ω

20
12.) What is the current across R2 from the circuit below?

+
_

a. 12 mA
b. 6 mA
c. 3 mA
d. 2 mA

13.) What is the total resistance of the circuit?

a. 5 Ω
b. 15 Ω
c. 10 Ω
d. 16 Ω

14.) What is the total voltage across the circuit if the total resistance is 10 ohms
with a total current of 2 A?
a. 20 V
b. 5 V
c. 100 V
d. 75 V

15.) What is the unknown resistance?

+ +
_ _

a. 11 Ω
b. 3Ω
c. 12 Ω
d. 8Ω

21
 Additional Activities

Activity 6
Direction: Answer the questions correctly using the activity sheets.

Answer the following questions

1.) Does series or parallel give more power?

2.) Give some benefits of series-parallel connection.
3.) Draw the electrical layout of your sala using series-parallel
connection.

22
 23
What I Know What's More Assessment
16.B 1.RT = 10 Ω 1. A
17.C 2. C
18.C 2.RT = 0.804 Ω 3. C
19.C I1 = 12A 4. C
20.A I2 = 2A 5. A
21.C I3 = 0.92A 6. B
22.C IT = VT/RT 7. C
23.B =12V/0.804Ω 8. C
24.A = 14.92 A 9. B
25.B IR10 = 170 Ma 10.A
26.A 11.A
27.B P1 = 144 W 12.B
28.A P2 = 24 W 13.B
29.B P3 = 11.1 W 14.A
30.A 15.B
PT = 179 W
Answer Key
References

Deped Curriculum Guide

UBC Teaching and Learning Enhancement Fund, Circuit Problems,

http://scienceres-edcp-
educ.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2015/10/sec_phys_circuits_problems.pdf

Tom Henderson, The Physics Classroom,

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/, Circuit Connections,
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-4/Combination-
Circuits

ASPENCORE, https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/, Resistors in Parallel,

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_4.html

Oaktoncommunity College, https://www.oakton.edu/, Series-Parallel Circuits,

https://www.oakton.edu/user/1/agero/elt101/presentations/Chapter06.pdf
Series-parallel Combination Circuits,
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-7/what-is-a-
series-parallel-circuit/

24
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]