ENERGY PROFILE

Botswana
COUNTRY INDICATORS AND SDGS
7.1.1 Access to electricity (% population)
GDP per capita 8.1.1 Real GDP growth rate 7.3.1 Energy intensity
7.1.2 Access to clean cooking (% population)
15% 16 4.0 7.2.1 Renewable energy (% TFEC)
9.6%
15.5
3.5 100%
10% 16
2.9
3.0

MJ/USD GDP 2017 PPP

15

USD'000s 2017 PPP

80% 74%
5%
2.5
15
0% 60% 66%
2.0
14
-5% 1.5 40%
14
1.0
-10% 13 20%
0.5
-15% 13
0.0 0% 0%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

7.a.1 Public flows to renewables 7.b.1 Per capita renewable capacity 11.6.2 Air particulate matter (PM2.5)

0.0 2.5 Urban Average Rural WHO safe

2.3
16
12.9 13.1 12.9 12.8
0.0 2.0 12.7
14
USD millions 2019

12
0.0 1.5
W/ person

PM2.5 (μm/m3)
10
8
0.0 1.0
6

0.0 0.5 4
2 0.0
0
0.0 0.0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

TOTAL ENERGY SUPPLY (TES)

Total Energy Supply (TES) 2015 2020 Total energy supply in 2020
Non-renewable (TJ) 73 881 77 196
Renewable (TJ) 6 428 6 462 8%
Oil
Total (TJ) 80 309 83 658
Renewable share (%) 8 8 Gas
46%
Nuclear

Growth in TES 2015-20 2019-20 47% Coal + others

Non-renewable (%) +4.5 -15.6 Renewables
Renewable (%) +0.5 -0.2
Total (%) +4.2 -14.5

Renewable energy supply in 2020

Primary energy trade 2015 2020
1%
Imports (TJ) 42 276 45 081
Exports (TJ) 5 710 12 236 Hydro/marine
Net trade (TJ) - 36 566 - 32 845 Wind

Imports (% of supply) 53 54 Solar

Exports (% of production) 10 24 Bioenergy
Energy self-sufficiency (%) 69 61 99% Geothermal
 RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION (TFEC)

Renewable TFEC trend Renewable energy consumption in 2020

Electricity Commercial heat Bioenergy Geothermal Solar direct
7 6 6 6 6 6 6 1% 0%

6
5
Petajoules (PJ)

4
3
2
99%
1
0 0%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Consumption by sector 2015 2020 31% Industry
Industry (TJ) 8 6 Transport
Transport (TJ) 0 0 Households
Households (TJ) 2 276 4 474 Other
69%
Other (TJ) 4 129 1 987

ELECTRICITY CAPACITY

Installed capacity trend Renewable capacity in 2022

Non-renewable
Fossil fuels Nuclear 917 Other Non-RE 99
Renewable 6 Solar 1 Hydro/marine
Hydro/marine Wind
Hydro/marine
Bioenergy Geothermal 0 0
Renewable share
Solar 6 1 Solar
Wind1 0
0.9 0.9 100% 0
0.9 0.9 Wind
Bioenergy
1 0 0
Geothermal 0 0
1 80% Bioenergy
Total 0.9 923 100
1 0.9 0.9
Capacity change (%) 2017-22 2021-22 100% Geothermal
Renewable share (%)

1
Gigawatts (GW)

0.9
Non-renewable 0 0.0
60%
1
Renewable + 84 0.0
Hydro/marine
1 0 0.0 Net capacity change (GW)
Solar + 84 40%
0.0
1 Fossil fuels Renewable
Wind 0 0.0 0
0.0
1
Bioenergy 0 0.0
Geothermal
1 0 20%
0.0 0
Total1 + 0 0.0
0
1 1% 0%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 0
Net capacity change in 2022 (MW)
0 0.0 0.0
Non-renewable Hydro and marine 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0
0 0 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Solar Wind Capacity utilisation in 2021 (%)

0 0 Fossil fuels 32%

Bioenergy Geothermal Nuclear

Hydro/Marine
0 0 Solar 11%
Wind
Bioenergy
Geothermal

0 20 40 60 80 100
 ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Generation in 2021 GWh % Electricity generation trend

Non-renewable 2 580 100 Fossil fuels Nuclear Other Non-RE
Renewable 6 0 Hydro/marine Wind Solar
Hydro and marine 0 0 Bioenergy Geothermal Renewable share
Solar 6 0
4 100%
Wind 0 0
4
Bioenergy 0 0 4 3
Geothermal 0 0 3
80%
Total 2 586 100 3 3
3

Gigawatt-hours (GWh)

Renewable share (%)

Per capita electricity generation (kWh)
3 2
60%
Total Renewable
2 000 2
40%
1 500 2

1 000 1
20%
500 1

0 0 0% 0%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

LATEST POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATION

1 Renewable Energy Fund for off-grid solutions 2015

2 10th National Development Plan 2009-2016 (NDP10) 2009

ENERGY AND EMISSIONS

Energy-related CO2 emissions by sector Elec. & heat generation CO2 emissions in

Elec. & heat Other Industrial Transport Other Buildings

##### 2%
0%
8
Coal + others
7
Mt CO2 Emissions

6
5 0.0
Gas
4 Mt CO2
3
2 Oil
98%
1
0.0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Avoided emissions from renewable elec. & heat CO2 emission factor for elec. & heat generation
Emitted CO2 RE Avoided CO2 BWA Africa World
5 4 000
3 500
4
3 000
Mt CO2 Emissions

tCO2 /GWh

3 2 500
ENERGY AND EMISSIONS
2 000
1,493
2 1 500 1,291
1 000
1
500
0.0 0.0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Avoided emissions based on fossil fuel mix used for power Calculated by dividing power sector emissions by elec. + heat gen.
 RENEWABLE RESOURCE POTENTIAL
Distribution of solar potential Distribution of wind potential
World Botswana World Botswana
100% 100%

80% 80%

Proportion of land area

Proportion of land area

60% 60%

40% 40%

20% 20%

0% 0%
<1.2 1.2 - 1.4 1.4 - 1.6 1.6 - 1.8 1.8 - 1.9 1.9 - 2.0 >2.0 <260 260-420 420-560 560-670 670-820 820-1060 >1060

Annual generation per unit of installed PV capacity (MWh/kWp) Wind power density at 100m height (W/m2)

Biomass potential: net primary production Indicators of renewable resource potential

5 6
Solar PV: Solar resource potential has been divided into seven classes,
4 7 each representing a range of annual PV output per unit of capacity
(kWh/kWp/yr). The bar chart shows the proportion of a country's land area
in each of these classes and the global distribution of land area across the
3 8 classes (for comparison).
Onshore wind: Potential wind power density (W/m2) is shown in the seven
classes used by NREL, measured at a height of 100m. The bar chart shows
2 200 9 the distribution of the country's land area in each of these classes
compared to the global distribution of wind resources. Areas in the third
class or above are considered to be a good wind resource.
Biomass: Net primary production (NPP) is the amount of carbon fixed by
1 10 plants and accumulated as biomass each year. It is a basic measure of
2.5 biomass productivity. The chart shows the average NPP in the country
0 tC/ha/yr 11 (tC/ha/yr), compared to the global average NPP of 3-4 tonnes of carbon

= Global average of 3-4 tC/ha/yr

Sources: IRENA statistics, plus data from the following sources: UN SDG Database
(original sources: WHO; World Bank; IEA; IRENA; and UNSD); UN World Population
Prospects; UNSD Energy Balances; UN COMTRADE; World Bank World Development
Indicators; EDGAR; REN21 Global Status Report; IEA -IRENA Joint Policies and Measures
Database; IRENA Global Atlas; and World Bank Global Solar Atlas and Global Wind
Atlas.

Additional notes: Capacity per capita and public investments SDGs only apply to
developing areas. Energy self-sufficiency has been defined as total primary energy
production divided by total primary energy supply. Energy trade includes all
commodities in Chapter 27 of the Harmonised System (HS). Capacity utilisation is
calculated as annual generation divided by year-end capacity x 8,760h/year. Avoided
emissions from renewable power is calculated as renewable generation divided by fossil
fuel generation multiplied by reported emissions from the power sector. This assumes
that, if renewable power did not exist, fossil fuels would be used in its place to generate
the same amount of power and using the same mix of fossil fuels. In countries and years
where no fossil fuel generation occurs, an average fossil fuel emission factor has been
used to calculate the avoided emissions.

These profiles have been produced to provide an overview of developments in

IRENA Headquarters renewable energy in different countries and areas. The IRENA statistics team would
Masdar City welcome comments and feedback on its structure and content, which can be sent to
P.O. Box 236, Abu Dhabi [email protected].
United Arab Emirates Last updated on: 8th August, 2023
www.irena.org