Department of Education

MATHEMATICS 9
Solving Quadratic Equations
First Quarter – Week 2

EMALYN M. BALLONADO, REBECCA MORILLA

Writers
DR. FELISA G. BASIJAN, CRISTINE CAROLINE C. GRATIS,
CHARISMA JOY S. LULU, BENELIN G. RUMBAOA
Validators
DR. EMELITA D. BAUTISTA, ENGR. ROLANDO S. MULDONG,
JOSEPH D. NILO, KRYSTELLE R. DUMLAO
Quality Assurance Team Members

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
 This module was designed to guide the learner in solving quadratic equations
using different methods.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. solve quadratic equations by: a) extracting square roots; b) factoring;
c) completing the square; d) using the quadratic formula.

Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the
letter that you think best answers the questions. Take note of the items that you
were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this
module.

1. Extracting the square root is used to solve quadratic equations in the form of
A. 𝑥2 = 𝑘 C. 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 = 0
B. 𝑥 = 𝑘 D. 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
2. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 56 = 0?
A. 2 and -1 B. 8 and -7 C. -8 and 7 D. 3 and -2
3. One of the roots of 2𝑥2 − 13𝑥 + 20 = 0 is 4. What is the other root?
A. – 2/5 B. − 5/2 C. 2/5 D. 5/2
4. Which of the following is the quadratic formula?
𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏 +√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
A. 𝑥 = 2𝑎
C. 𝑥 = 2𝑎

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏 − √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐

B. 𝑥 = 2𝑎
D. 𝑥 = 2𝑎

5. Which equation can be solved by extracting the square root?

A. 4𝑥– 64 = 0 C. 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 6 = 0
B. 3𝑥2 = 75 D. 4(𝑥 + 6) = 12
6. If ax2 + bx + c is a perfect square trinomial, bx is equal to_____.
A. (ax)(c) B. 2[ax (c)] C. (2x)(c) D. 2(√𝑎𝑥2(𝑐)
7. Which of the following makes the equation 𝑥2 + ____ + 9 a perfect square
trinomial?
A. 3 B. 3x C. 6 D. 6x
X-6
8. In the square figure at the right, how will you represent its area?
A. (x -6)2 B. x2 – 36 C. x2 – 6 D. 6x2

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 9. What number must be added to make the expression 𝑐2 − 12𝑐 + ______ a
perfect square trinomial?
A. 9 B. 16 C. 25 D. 36
10. Using completing the square, what are the solutions of the quadratic
equation 2x2 – 12x = 54?
A. 9 & 3 B. 9 & -3 C. -9 & 3 D. -9 & -3

A. Find my roots:
1. √16 2. - √25 3. √289 4. √0.16 5. ± √36 6. √16/25

* A square root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the
number.

B. Find the factors of the following:

1. 𝑥2 − 4 6. 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 21
2. 𝑦2 − 10𝑦 + 25 7. 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 – 6
3. 𝑧2 − 2𝑧 8. 4𝑟2 + 20𝑟 + 25
4. 𝑤2 − 7𝑤 + 12 9. 9𝑡2 − 4
5. 𝑠2 + 8𝑠 + 12 10. 2𝑠2 + 3𝑠 − 14

C. Express each of the following perfect square trinomials as a square of a

binomial. Answer the questions that follow. Number 1 is done for you.

1. 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = (𝑥 + 2)2 6. 𝑥2 + 18𝑥 + 81

2. 𝑡2+ 12𝑡 + 36 7. 𝑡2 + 2𝑡 + 1

3. 𝑠2 + 10𝑠 + 25 8. 𝑟2 + 14𝑟 + 49

4. 𝑥2 − 16𝑥 + 64 9. 𝑠2 + 16𝑠 + 64

5. ℎ2 − 14ℎ + 49 10. 𝑤2 – 22𝑤 + 121

Questions: 1. How do you describe a perfect square trinomial?

2. How did you express each perfect square trinomial as a square of a binomial?

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3. Observe the terms of each trinomial. How is the third term related to the
coefficient of the middle term? A quadratic trinomial is a perfect square trinomial if
the first and the last terms of the trinomial are perfect squares and the middle term
is twice the product of the square roots of the first and last terms. x2 + bx + c is a
perfect square trinomial if the first and last terms are perfect squares and bx = 2
√(𝑥)(𝑥)(𝑐).

Start this module by assessing your knowledge of the different mathematics

concepts previously studied and your skills in performing mathematical operations.
These knowledge and skills will help you in solving quadratic equations.
Different Methods of Solving Quadratic Equations:

A. By Extracting Square Roots

Quadratic equation that can be written in the form x2 = k, can be solved by applying
the square root properties.
1. If k > 0, then x2 = k has two real roots or solutions: x = ±√𝒌
Example: What are the solutions of the quadratic equation 𝑥2 − 16 = 0?
Write the equation in the form 𝑥2 = 𝑘.
𝑥2 − 16 = 0 → 𝑥2 − 16 + 16 = 0 + 16
𝑥2 = 16
𝑥 = ±√16
𝑥 = ±4
Since k is 16 and is greater than 0, the equation 𝑥2 − 16 = 0 has two
solutions: 𝑥 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −4.
2. If k = 0, then x2 = k has one real solution or root: x = 0
Example: Solve the equation 𝑡2 = 0.
𝑡2 = 0 → 02 = 0 → 0 = 0
The equation 𝑡2 = 0 has one solution: t = 0
3. If k < 0, then x2 = k has no real solution or root.
Example: Find the roots of the equation 𝑠2 + 9 = 0.
Write the equation in the form 𝑥2 = 𝑘.
𝑠2 + 9 = 0 → 𝑠2 + 9 − 9 = 0 − 9
𝑠 2 = −9
Since k is -9 and is less than 0, then the equation 𝑠2+ 9 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑠2 = −9 has
no real solutions or roots. There is no real number when squared gives -9.
More examples:
1. Find the roots/solutions of the equation (𝑥 − 4)2 − 25 = 0
(𝑥 − 4)2 − 25 = 0 → (𝑥 − 4)2 − 25 + 25 = 0 + 25
(𝑥 − 4)2 = 25 𝑥 − 4 = ±√25
Solve for x in the equation 𝑥 − 4 = ±5.
𝑥−4=5 𝑥 − 4 = −5
𝑥−4+4=5+4 𝑥 − 4 + 4 = −5 + 4
𝑥=9 𝑥 = −1

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 2. What are the roots of 4𝑥2 − 16 = 0?
4𝑥2 − 16 = 0 → 4𝑥2 − 16 + 16 = 0 + 16
4𝑥2 = 16 Divide both sides of the equation by 4.
4𝑥 / 4 = 16 /4 → 𝑥2 = 4 → 𝑥 = ±√4 →
2
𝑥 = ±2
Therefore, 𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −2.

3. Solve the equation 9𝑥2 = 196.

9𝑥2 = 196 → 9𝑥2 /9 = 196 /9 → 𝑥2 = 196/ 9 → 𝑥 = ±√ 196 / 9 → 𝑥 = ± 14/ 3
So 𝑥 = 14 /3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = − 14/ 3
B. By Factoring
Factoring as a method of solving quadratic equations is based on Zero-Product
Property. To use this property, you need to write one side of a quadratic equation as
product of two linear factors. Then, equate each linear factor to zero to find the
solutions. Note that before you look for the linear factors, the quadratic equation must
be in its standard form 𝒂𝒙2 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎.
Examples:
1. Find the solutions of 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 = −8 by factoring.
a. Transform the equation into standard form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.
𝑥2 + 9𝑥 = −8 → 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 + 8 = 0
b. Factor the quadratic equation 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 + 8 = 0. 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 8 = 0 → (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 8)
=0
c. Apply the zero - product property by setting each factor of the quadratic
equation equal to zero. (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 8) = 0 → 𝑥 + 1 = 0; 𝑥 + 8 = 0
d. Solve each resulting equation. The solutions of the equation 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 = −8 are
−𝟏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝟖.
2. Solve 9𝑥2 − 4 = 0 by factoring.
a. The equation is already in standard form so factor it.
9𝑥2 − 4 = 0 → (3𝑥 + 2) (3𝑥 − 2) = 0
b. Equate each factor to zero.
(3𝑥 + 2) (3𝑥 − 2) = 0 → (3𝑥 + 2) = 0; (3𝑥 − 2) = 0
c. Solve each resulting equation. The equation 9𝑥2 − 4 = 0 has two solutions: 𝑥 = −
𝟐/𝟑 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 𝟐/𝟑.
C. By Completing the Square
So far, you've either solved quadratic equations by taking the square root or by
factoring. These methods are relatively simple and efficient, when applicable.
Another method of solving any kind of quadratic equation is by completing the
square. This method involves transforming the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
into the form (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 ≥ 0. Can you tell why the value of k should be
positive?
Example 1. Solve the quadratic equation 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 − 10 = 0 by completing the square.
Step 1. Write the equation such that the constant term is on the right side of the
equation. 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 − 10 = 0 → 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 = 10
Step 2. If the value of a is NOT 1, divide both sides of the equation by a. 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 =
10 → 2𝑥2 / 2 + 8 / 2 = 10 / 2 → 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 = 5
Step 3. Add to both sides of the equation the square of half the value of b. The value
of b is 4. Therefore, 1 / 2 (4) = 2 → 22 = 𝟒 → 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 𝟒 = 5 + 𝟒 → 𝑥2 + 4𝑥
+4=9
Step 4. Express the perfect square trinomial on the left side of the equation as a square
of a binomial. 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 9 → (𝑥 + 2)2 = 9

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 Step 5. Solve the resulting quadratic equation by extracting the square root.
(𝑥 + 2)2 = 9 → 𝑥 + 2 = ±√9 → 𝑥 + 2 = ±3
Step 6. Solve the resulting linear equation. 𝑥 + 2 = ±3 → 𝑥 + 2 = 3 → 𝑥 + 2 = −3 → 𝑥
+2−2=3−2 →𝒙=𝟏 𝑥 + 2 − 2 = −3 − 2 → 𝒙 = −𝟓
Step 7. Check the solutions obtained against the original equation. The original
equation is 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 − 10 = 0
Example 2. Find the roots of 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 2 = 0 by completing the square.
Follow the steps in Example 1.
NOTE: Since the value of a is 1, skip step 2.
Solution:
𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 2 = 0 → 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 2 − 2 = 0 − 2 Step 1
𝑥 + 6𝑥 = −2
2

𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9 = −2 + 9 Step 3
2
(𝑥 + 3) = 7 Step 4
𝑥 + 3 = ±√7 Step 5
𝑥 + 3 − 3 = ±√7 − 3 Step 6
𝒙 = −𝟑 + √𝟕 or 𝒙 = −𝟑 − √𝟕
Step 7
For 𝒙 = −𝟑 + √𝟕
𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 2 = 0
(−3 + √7)2 + 6(−3 + √7) + 2 = 0
9 − 3√7 − 3√7 + 7 − 18 + 6√7 + 2 = 0
9 − 6√7 + 7 − 18 + 6√7 + 2 = 0
9 + 7 + 2 − 18 = 0
18 – 18 = 0
0 =0
For 𝒙 = −𝟑 − √𝟕
𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 2 = 0
(−3 − √7)2 + 6(−3 − √7) + 2 = 0
9 + 3√7 + 3√7 + 7 − 18 − 6√7 + 2 = 0
9 + 7 + 2 − 18 = 0
18 – 18 = 0
0 =0
D. By Using the Quadratic Formula
The solutions of any quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 can be determined
−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
using the quadratic formula 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒂
. This formula can be derived by
applying the method of completing the square.
Example 1. Find the solutions of 2𝑥2 = 3 − 5𝑥.

Solution:
Step 1. Rewrite the equation in standard form.
2𝑥2 = 3 − 5𝑥 → 2𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 3 = 0
Step 2. Determine the values of a, b and c. 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = −3
Step 3. Substitute the values of a, b and c in the quadratic formula

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 −𝒃±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 −𝟓±√𝟓𝟐 −𝟒(𝟐)(−𝟑)
𝒙= 𝟐𝒂
𝒙= 𝟐(𝟐)

Step 4. Simplify the result and solve for x.

−𝟓±√𝟓𝟐 −𝟒(𝟐)(−𝟑)
𝒙= 𝟐(𝟐)

−𝟓±√𝟓𝟐 −𝟒(𝟐)(−𝟑)
𝒙=
𝟐(𝟐)

−𝟓±√𝟐𝟓+ 𝟐𝟒
𝒙= 𝟒

−𝟓±√𝟒𝟗
𝒙= 𝟒

−𝟓± 𝟕 −𝟓 + 𝟕 𝟐 𝟏
𝒙= 𝒙= = =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐

−𝟓 − 𝟕 −𝟏𝟐
𝒙= = = -3
𝟒 𝟒

To verify your answer, you may want to substitute your answers to the
given equation.
1
For x = 2
F or x = -3

2𝑥2 = 3 – 5x 2𝑥2 = 3 – 5x
𝟏 1
2 ( )2 = 3 – 5( ) 2(-3)2 = 3 – 5(-3)
𝟐 2
1 5 1 1
2(4) = 3 - 2 2
= 2
2(9) = 3 + 15 18 = 18

For Activities 1 – 4, use the mathematical ideas and the examples presented in the
preceding section. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers and show your
solutions.
Activity 1. Solve the following quadratic equations by extracting square roots.
1. 𝑥2 = 16 6. 4𝑥2 − 225 = 0
2. 𝑡2 = 81 7. 3ℎ2 − 147 = 0

3. 𝑟2 − 100 = 0 8. (𝑥 − 4)2 = 169

4. 𝑥2 − 144 = 0 9. (𝑘 + 7)2 = 289

5. 2𝑠2 = 50 10. (2𝑠 − 1)2 = 225

Activity 2. Solve the following by factoring.
1. 𝑥2 + 7𝑥 = 0 6. 𝑥2 − 14 = 5𝑥

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 2. 6𝑠2 + 18𝑠 = 0 7. 11𝑟 + 15 = −2𝑟2
3. 𝑡2 + 8𝑡 + 16 = 0 8. 𝑥2 − 25 = 0

4. 𝑥2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 0 9. 81 − 4𝑥2 = 0
5. ℎ2 + 6ℎ = 16 10. 4𝑠2 + 9 = 12𝑠
Activity 3. Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic equations by
completing the square.
1. 𝑥2 − 2𝑥 = 3 6. 4𝑥2 − 32𝑥 = −28
2. 𝑠2 + 4𝑠 − 21 = 0 7. 𝑥2 − 5𝑥 − 6 = 0

3. 𝑡2 + 10𝑡 + 9 = 0 8. 𝑚2 + 7𝑚 − 51 4 = 0
4. 𝑥2 + 14𝑥 = 32 9. 𝑟2 + 4𝑟 = −1

5. 𝑟2 − 10𝑟 = −17 10. 𝑤2 + 6𝑤 − 11 = 0

Activity 4. Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic equations using
the quadratic formula.
1. 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 9 = 0
2. 𝑥2 − 12𝑥 + 35 = 0
3. 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 14 = 0
4. 𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 12 = 0
5. 𝑥2 + 7𝑥 = 4

• If a quadratic equation is expressed in the form 𝑥2 = 𝑘 where 𝑘 ≥ 0, then it can be

solved by applying the square root properties. This method is called extracting the
square roots.
• Factoring as a method of solving quadratic equations is based on Zero-Product
Property. To use this property, you need to write one side of a quadratic equation as
product of two linear factors. Then, equate each linear factor to zero to find the
solutions. Note that before you look for the linear factors, the quadratic equation must
be in its standard form 𝒂𝒙2 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎.
• Another method of solving any kind of quadratic equation is by completing the
square. This method involves transforming the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
into the form (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 ≥ 0. The quadratic formula is derived from
completing the square. The solutions of a quadratic equation in the form 𝒂𝒙2 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟐
−𝒃±√𝒃 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
= 𝟎, where 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎 are given by 𝑥 = 𝟐𝒂
.

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Directions: Find the solutions of the following quadratic equations. Use any of the
given methods in the preceding section. Show your solutions on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. 3𝑡2 = 12
2. 𝑡2 − 12𝑡 + 36 = 0
3. 𝑥2 − 2𝑥 − 7 = 0
4. 3𝑥2 − 4𝑥 = 0
5. 2𝑥2 + 4𝑥 = 3

Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter that you think
best answer the question. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
1. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 54 = 0?
A. 2 and -1 B. 9 and -6 C. -9 and 6 D. 3 and -2
2. One of the roots of 2𝑥2 − 17𝑥 + 35 = 0 is 5. What is the other root?
A. – 2/7 B. 7/2 C. 2/7 D. – 7/2
3. Extracting the square root is used to solve quadratic equations in the form of
A. 𝑥 = 𝑘 B. 𝑥2 = 𝑘 C. 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 = 0 D. 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
4. Which of the following is the quadratic formula?
𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏 + √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
A. 𝑥 = 2𝑎
C. 𝑥 = 2𝑎
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏 − √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
B. 𝑥 = 2𝑎
D. 𝑥 = 2𝑎
5. Which equation can be solved by extracting the square root?
A. 3𝑥– 64 = 0 B. 2𝑥2 = 50 C. 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 7 = 0 D. 4(𝑥 + 3) = 10
6. If ax2 + bx + c is a perfect square trinomial, bx is equal to_____.
A. (ax)(c) B. 2[ax (c)] C. (2x)(c) D. 2(√𝑎𝑥 2(𝑐)
7. Which of the ff. makes the equation 𝑥2 + ____ + 16 a perfect square
trinomial?
A. 4 B. 8 C. 4x D. 8x X+4
8. In the square figure at the right, how will you represent its
area?
A. (x + 4)2 B. x2 + 16 C. x2 + 6 D. 4x2
9. What number must be added to make the expression 𝑐2 − 18𝑐 + ______ a
perfect square trinomial?
A. 9 B. 25 C. 81 D. 100
10. Using completing the square, what are the solutions of the quadratic
equation 2x2 – 12x = 54?
A. 9 & 3 B. 9 & -3 C. -9 & 3 D. -9 & -3

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 Pretest Activity I Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4

1. A 1 x = 4 or x = -4 1 X = 0 or x = -7 1 x = 1 or x = 3 1 x = -9 or x = -1

2. C 2 t = 9 or t = -9 2 s = 0 or s = -3 2 s = 3 or s = -7 2 x = 7 or x = 5

3. D 3 r = 10 or r = -10 3 t = -4 3 t = -1 or t = -9 3 x = -7 or x = 2

4. B 4 x = 12 or x = -12 4x=5 4 x = 2 or x = -16 4 x = 2 + 2 √−2 or

5. B 5 s = 5 or s = -5 5 h = -8 or h = 2 5. r = 5 + 2 √2 or x = 2 - 2 √−2
6. D 15 15
6x= or x = - 6 x = 7 or x = -2 r = 5 - 2 √2 −7 + √65
2 2 5x= 2
or
7. D 5
7 h = 7 or h = -7 7 r = -3 or r = -2 6 x = 7 or x = 1 −7 − √65
x=
8. A 2
8 x = 17 or x = -9 8 x = 5 or x = -5 7 x = 6 or x = -1
9. D 9 k = 10 or k = -24 9 9 3 17
9 x = or x = - 8 m = 2 or m - 2
2 2
10. B
10 s = 8 or s = -7 3 9 r = -2 + √3 or
10 s =
2

Check Your Post Test r = -2 - √3

Understanding √2
1C 10 w = -3 + or
2
1 t = 2 or t = -2
2B √2
w = -3 -
2t=6 2
3B
3 x = 1 + 2 √2 or 4B
x = 1 - 2 √2 5B
4
4 x = 3 or x = 0 6D

−2 + √10 7C
5. x = or
2
8A
−2 − √10
x=
2 9C

10 B

References
Learners’ Material for Mathematics-Grade 9, pages 18 - 54
E-MATH 9, Oronce and Mendoza, pages 83 - 96

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